Unintended order and self-organization in the evolutionary social theory of Friedrich Hayek

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Hilton L. Root
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

Reshaping social theory from complexity and ecological perspectives

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smith ◽  
Chris Jenks
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Philosophy Of Ecology

This article argues that Durkheim’s founding insight – uniquely social phenomena – presents us with both a foundation for the discipline of sociology and the risk that the discipline will become isolated. This, we argue, has happened. Our contention is that the emergent social phenomena need to be understood in relation to, but not reduced to, their biological and psychological substrates. Similarly, there are a number of other characteristics, notably of self-organization, which are distinguishing properties of social phenomena but also of quite different phenomena. The comparison is instructive. We therefore argue for an ecological approach to sociological theory, which has important relationships to the general theories and philosophy of ecology and biology. We explore a number of terminological and conceptual parallels that may inform our understanding of the relation of social theory to these and other disciplines.

Markets, Knowledge and Human Nature: Friedrich Hayek, Karl Polanyi and Twentieth-century Debates on Modern Social Order

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Innset
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

The article reads the works of Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992) and Karl Polanyi (1886–1964) in the light of their political commitments to neoliberalism and socialism respectively. It argues that both thinkers were inspired to explain history and recent events in line with these commitments in their 1944 publications, The Road to Serfdom and The Great Transformation. Furthermore, they both developed their most significant insights by attempting to counter perceived challenges from political projects to which they were opposed. Polanyi spent much of his life trying to disprove a liberal attack on socialism as out of touch with the realities of human nature, whereas it was in debates with socialists that Hayek developed a new theory of the epistemological functioning of markets, which then became foundational for the neoliberal project. Taking into account the high-stakes politics of Vienna in the interwar years is crucial for fully understanding the social theory of these two thinkers.

scholarly journals SAVIORGANIZACIJA IR EPISTEMOLOGINIS SILPNUMAS

Problemos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Charalambos Tsekeris ◽  
Ioannis Katerelos ◽  
Konstantinos Koskinas
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Aesthetic Style ◽  
Epistemic Modesty

Straipsnyje siekiama visapusiškai sujungti pripažintas teorines ir metodologines saviorganizacijos ir sudėtingumo sąvokas su bendrosiomis socialinės teorijos problemomis (tokiomis kaip žinojimas, subjektyvumas, veikmė ir numatymas), taip pat su naujuoju episteminio nuosaikumo bei kuklumo etosu ir estetika. Kitaip sakant, bendroji saviorganizacijos teorija yra tinkamas ir patvarus analitinis karkasas kurti ir plėtoti radikalią epistemologinio silpnumo etiką/estetiką bei silpnesnę ir refleksyvesnę sociologinę/epistemologinę pasaulėžiūrą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žinojimas, saviorganizacija ir kompleksiškumas, epistemologija ir etika, refleksyvumas ir socialinė teorija.Self-Organization and Epistemological WeaknessCharalambos Tsekeris, Ioannis Katerelos, Konstantinos Koskinas SummaryThis paper seeks to comprehensively and critically interconnect the well-established theoretical and methodological conceptions of self-organization, complexity and chaos with more general issues and dilemmas in the contemporary field of social theory (such as knowledge, objectivity/subjectivity, structure/agency and prediction), as well as with a new reflexive ethos (practice) and aesthetic (style) of epistemic modesty and humility. In other words, a general theory of self-organization seems to be a suitable and sustainable analytic framework for generating, developing and cultivating a radical ethics/aesthetics of epistemological weakness, as well as a sense of less strong and more reflexive sociological/epistemological worldview.Keywords: knowledge, self-organization and complexity, epistemology and ethics, reflexivity and social theory.

scholarly journals A “Weak” Reflection on Unpredictability and Social Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Charalambos Tsekeris ◽  
Konstantinos Koskinas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Weak Reflection ◽  
Epistemic Modesty

This concise reflection seeks to comprehensively interconnect the well-established theoretical and methodological logic of self-organization with a new reflexive ethos and aesthetic of epistemic modesty and humility. A brief elaboration on the issue of unpredictability further encourages a suitable and sustainable analytic framework for generating, developing and cultivating a radical ethics/aesthetics of epistemological weakness, as well as a sense of less strong and more reflexive sociological/philosophical worldview.

scholarly journals A “Weak” Reflection on Unpredictability and Social Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Charalambos Tsekeris ◽  
Konstantinos Koskinas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Weak Reflection ◽  
Epistemic Modesty

This concise reflection seeks to comprehensively interconnect the well-established theoretical and methodological logic of self-organization with a new reflexive ethos and aesthetic of epistemic modesty and humility. A brief elaboration on the issue of unpredictability further encourages a suitable and sustainable analytic framework for generating, developing and cultivating a radical ethics/aesthetics of epistemological weakness, as well as a sense of less strong and more reflexive sociological/philosophical worldview.

scholarly journals Trabalho e educação no pensamento (neo)liberal e histórico-crítico: fundamentos para pensar a reforma curricular no ensino médio

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Soares Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

Resumo: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de identificar os principais aspectos de duas propostas para a formação das classes trabalhadoras, radicalmente opostas teórica e metodologicamente. De um lado, a matriz (neo)liberal, baseada nas idéias de Adam Smith e Friedrich Hayek; do outro, a matriz histórico-crítico, fundamentada nas idéias de Karl Marx e Antonio Gramsci. Trata-se de pesquisa histórica e bibliográfica, com o propósito de demonstrar o conservadorismo do discurso do governo Temer, que tenta apresentar como “novo” as mudanças efetuadas no Ensino Médio, por meio da Lei nº 13.415/2017. O estudo demonstra que o novo desenho curricular atende a interesses antigos: o de reforçar a histórica dualidade estrutural do ensino brasileiro, retomando a formação instrumental e fragmentada proposta na Lei nº 5692/71, do período da ditadura civil-militar, e no Decreto nº 2208/97, editado no governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Conclui que, com a retomada da agenda neoliberal, os planejadores da reforma buscam adequar o Ensino Médio as demandas econômicas e de mercado, abandonando o projeto de formação humana e integral, defendido pelos teóricos da matriz histórico-social e presente nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio, de 2012. Além de abandonar os objetivos previstos na LDB (1996) para o Ensino Médio, entre eles, desenvolver a autonomia intelectual e o pensamento crítico dos estudantes, por meio da articulação teoria e prática. Palavras-chaves: Trabalho. Educação. Neoliberalismo. Teoria Histórico-Social. Ensino Médio.  WORK AND EDUCATION IN THE NEOLIBERALISM AND HISTORICAL SOCIAL THEORY: FUNDAMENTALS FOR REFLECTING CURRICULUM REFORM IN MIDDLE SCHOOL Abstract: This article aims to identify the main aspects of two proposals for the formation of the working classes, radically opposed theoretically and methodologically: the liberal matrix, based on the ideas of Adam Smith and Friedrich Hayek; and the historical-social matrix, based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci. It is a historical and bibliographical research, with the purpose of demonstrating the conservatism of the Temer government`s discourse, which attempts to present as "new" the changes made in High School, through Law nº 13.415 / 2017. The study demonstrates that the new curriculum design serves old interests: to reinforce the historical structural duality of Brazilian education, retaking the instrumental and fragmented formation, proposed in Law 5692/71, of the period of the civil-military dictatorship, and in Decree nº 2208/97, edited under the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. It concludes that, with the resumption of the neoliberal agenda, reform planners seek to adapt high school to economic and market demands, abandoning the project of human and integral formation, defended by theorists of the historical-social matrix and present in the National Curricular Guidelines (2012). In addition to abandoning the objectives set forth in the LDB (1996) for High School, among them, to develop the students' intellectual autonomy and critical thinking, through the articulation of theory and practice.Keywords: Work. Education. Neoliberalism. Historical-Social Theory. High School.  

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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