Western philosophy and Christian theology in twentieth-century Hindu thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Martin Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Western Philosophy

Deus est Homo

Aries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Henrik Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Age ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Aleister Crowley ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite the centrality of the concept of God in Christian theology and Western philosophy for over two millennia, little attention has been given the concept of God in twentieth-century occultism in general, and in the writings of Aleister Crowley (1875–1947) in particular. In this article it is argued that Crowley’s multifaceted and sometimes conflicting approaches to God, are dependent on five main factors: (1) his childhood experiences of Christianity in the form of the Plymouth Brethren, (2) the impact of Empirical Scepticism and Comparative Religion, (3) the emanationist concept of God that he encountered through his membership in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, (4) the revelation of The Book of the Law and the claim of being a Prophet, The Great Beast 666, of a New Age, and finally (5) solar-phallicism as expressed through the Ordo Templi Orientis. These apparently contradictory strands in Crowley’s biography and intellectual armoury are in fact interlinked, and it is by studying them together that it is possible to identify the concept of God in Crowley’s magical writings.

Masao Abe and Comparative Theology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo D. Lefebure
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Comparative Theology ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Faith Tradition ◽  
Mahayana Buddhist

A leading form of comparative theology entails commitment to one religious tradition but ventures out to encounter another tradition, with the goal of generating fresh insights into familiar beliefs and practices reliant upon both the tradition of origin and the newly encountered faith tradition. This chapter, based on a graduate course at Georgetown University, examines how Zen Buddhist thinker Masao Abe engages in a dialogue with Western philosophy and Christian theology. Abe interpreted the meaning of the kenosis (emptying) of God in Jesus Christ in Christian theology in light of Mahayana Buddhist perspectives on Sunyata (emptying) and the logic of negation. The chapter includes responses to Abe from various Christian theologians, including Georgetown graduate students.

Troeltsch's Eschatological Absolute

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan F. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The Core ◽  
Divine Transcendence ◽  
The Absolute

This study argues that the core of Ernst Troeltsch’s theological project is an eschatological conception of the Absolute. Troeltsch developed his idea of the Absolute from post-Kantian religious and philosophical thought and applied it to the Christian doctrine of eschatology. Troeltsch’s eschatological Absolute must be understood in the context of questions being raised at the turn of the twentieth century by research on New Testament apocalypticism, as well as by modern critical methodologies in the historical sciences. The study is a revisionist response to common approaches to Troeltsch that read him as introducing problematic historicist and immanentist assumptions into Christian theology. Instead it argues that Troeltsch’s theological modernism presents a compelling account of the meaningfulness of history while retaining a commitment to divine transcendence that is unconditioned by history. As such, his theology remains relevant to theological research today, well beyond theological circles that normally take Troeltsch’s legacy to contribute in a constructive way to their work.

Known by God: C. S. Lewis and Dietrich Bonhoeffer

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Brian S. Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Dietrich Bonhoeffer ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pastoral Value ◽  
The Image Of God

Whereas knowing God is central to every version of Christian theology, little attention has been paid to the other side of the divine-human relationship. This introductory essay approaches the subject via the brief but poignant remarks of two twentieth-century authors appearing in a work of fiction and in a poem. If C. S. Lewis recognizes the primacy of being known by God, Dietrich Bonhoeffer helps define it and underscores its pastoral value. Both authors accurately reflect the main contours of the Bible’s own treatment. Calvin’s view of the image of God, which T. F. Torrance defines as ‘God’s gracious beholding of man as his child,’ may be of assistance in defining what it means to be known by God.

The Japanese Encounter with and Appropriation of Western Philosophy

2015 ◽  
pp. 332-364
Author(s):  
John C. Maraldo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Nishida Kitaro ◽  
Ongoing Formation

The appropriation of Western philosophy in Japan in the Meiji Period came about through a transformation of the Japanese language. It occasioned a new way of articulating thought that allowed Japanese to make philosophy their own, a discipline proper to the ongoing formation of their culture. This process helped redefine Japan’s past intellectual traditions, interpreting them in the light of Western philosophical concepts and problems. “Enlightenment” Scholars like Nishi Amane, Fukuzawa Yukichi, and Katō Hiroyuki created neologisms, altered traditional styles of writing, and introduced concepts new to Japanese tradition. Later philosophers like Inoue Tetsujirō and Inoue Enryō adapted European philosophical categories to recast old traditions and renew them as relevant for a modernized Japan. In their day, much of their terminology and argumentation was exotic and enigmatic, even while their style appears archaic today. A recognizably twentieth-century philosophical idiom had to wait for thinkers like Ōnishi Hajime and Nishida Kitarō.

The Death of Everyone: Robert Lifton, Christian Theology and Apocalyptic Imagery

Horizons ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Bregman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
Symbolic Immortality ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
The New Testament

AbstractThis paper explores an issue raised by psychologist Robert Lifton in The Broken Connection. Lifton believes the present threat of total extinction through nuclear war has drastically affected humanity's ability to reconnect life and death, and to make individual death meaningful. The death of everyone—as an imaginable possibility—defeats all expressions of “symbolic immortality,” affirmations of continuity and hope.How has Christian theology met this predicament? Twentieth-century history has been so menacing and overwhelming that some theologians have found in apocalyptic-eschatological imagery the most appropriate framework to encounter that history and discern its spiritual meaning. Yet this imagery, even when de-literalized, provides at best ambiguous answers. Early twentieth-century theology—Schweitzer, Case—recognized the importance of apocalyptic thought for the New Testament, but easily repudiated this for contemporary life. In contrast, later thinkers such as Cullman, Brunner, and Moltmann make extensive use of eschatological imagery. However, they face the problem raised by Lifton: how to make “hope” vivid to readers already gripped by a future of possible universal catastrophe.

scholarly journals Dimensão escatológica da Igreja. Um estudo do capítulo VII da Lumen Gentium

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (306) ◽  
pp. 407-437
Author(s):  
Cleto Caliman ◽  
Renato Alves de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Lumen Gentium ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

Síntese: Nesse trabalho apresentamos como o Concílio Vaticano II entra no processo de redescoberta da escatologia que se deu na virada do séc. XIX para o séc. XX no contexto da investigação sobre o Jesus histórico. Esse processo desemboca nos anos 50 e 60 do séc. XX, sob a inspiração do Princípio-Esperança de E. Bloch, na Teologia da Esperança de J. Moltmann. Passamos da compreensão da escatologia como último tratado da dogmática, os Novíssimos, para uma dimensão transcendental que perpassa toda a teologia cristã desde os seus fundamentos. Desta forma, deixamos para trás o paradigma clássico da teologia que girava em torno da filosofia da essência, para um novo paradigma em torno da filosofia da existência, respondendo às exigências da compreensão do ser humano própria da modernidade. Nossa hipótese é que o Concílio Vaticano II assimila em seus principais documentos essa nova perspectiva e, especificamente, na Lumen Gentium, cap. VII, sobre A índole escatológica da Igreja peregrina e sua união com a Igreja celeste.Palavras-chave: Escatologia. Cristologia. Igreja. História da salvação. Vaticano II.Abstracts: This Essay aims to present the way the Vatican II Council rediscover Eschatology. A process that was going on since the of the nineteenth century up to the twentieth century as the investigations about the historical Jesus began. This ongoing process reaches the fifties and the sixties of the twentieth Century inspired both by the Hope-Principle of E. Bloch and Moltmann’s Theology of Hope. There is a new understanding of eschatology that moves from Dogmatics’ last treatise to a transcendental dimension that touches the whole of the Christian theology on its very foundations. In this way, we leave behind theology’s classical paradigm based on an essentialist philosophy to a new one reflecting of a philosophy of Human Existence. This change in perspective meets the demands of a new understanding of man in modernity. In our view the Vatican II Council assimilates in its main documents this new perspective as we find for example in the Lumen Gentium cap. VII, where it deals with the eschatological nature of the Pilgrim Church and its union with the Celestial Church.Keywords: Eschatology. Christology. Church. The History of Salvation. Vatican II.

scholarly journals Mot ett bredare arketextualitetsbegrepp: den augustinsk-lutherska diskurstypen i Birgitta Trotzigs Dykungens dotter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Discourse Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Century Literature

This article has three aims, all of them related to the theory and practice of intertextuality. Firstly, the article makes an attempt to reconstruct the Augustinian-Lutheran type of discourse. A number of modern theologians and historians of philosophy have observed that the main currents within Christian theology have their basis in a specific discourse organization of textual utterances. With reference to these observations, the article maps out some dominant features of Augustine’s and Luther’s discoursive practices. The type of discourse thus reconstructed contains grammatical, logical-argumentative, narrative and rhetoric-figurative characteristics, and – as a matter of fact – it manifests a high degree of applicability in the field of literary studies. Secondly, the article applies the reconstructed type of discourse to analyze a masterpiece of Swedish twentieth-century literature, the novel Dykungens dotter (The Marsh King’s Daughter, 1985) by Birgitta Trotzig (1929–2013). In several interviews, Trotzig makes evidently contradictory remarks on Augustine and Luther. She dissociates herself from their anthropology at the same time as she hints that their view of human conditions has made a deep impression on her. The article’s application intends to throw light on this precarious hermeneutic situation. The intense presence of the Augustinian-Lutheran type of discourse in the novel made apparent through the application indicates that an interpretation of Trotzig’s writings by means of Augustinian-Lutheran intertexts is hermeneutically motivated in spite of her own negative declarations. Thirdly, the article makes use of the reconstructed type of discourse in order to examin Gérard Genette’s notion of architextuality. There is a theoretical incongruence in his notion. On an explicit definitory level, architextuality includes all types of discourse and modes of enunciation. On a conteptual level, however, the notion of architextuality is constructed on the pattern of literary genres. The article’s application demonstrates that Genette’s notion requires some corrections to live up to its definitory commitments. The Augustinian-Lutheran architext comes into conflict with some of Genette’s linguisticly construed structuralistic categories and demands a more discoursive and hermeneutic way of thinking.

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