The realization of a negative state vision

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-248
Author(s):  
Sarah Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Negative State

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF POPULATION MIGRATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
V.P. Bardovsky ◽  
Yu.A. Zvyagintsevа
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Working Out

The last decade the attention to the processes of population migration has increased because of their scales and consequences, both positive, and negative. State regulation of population migration and working out of mechanisms and tools of management of migratory flows become the important problem. It explains the necessity to research theoretical and practical aspects of population migration.

Concept «Legal consciousness of youth»: theoretical and empirical aspects of sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
N. M. Baikov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Nizovtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Group Characteristics

The article considers the concept of legal consciousness as a category of sociological analysis. Attention is focused on the understanding of legal consciousness, reflected in the works of domestic and foreign social researchers. The relevance of their works as a methodologically significant basis for sociological analysis of legal consciousness of the modern generation of Russian youth is emphasized. The processes of transformation of the Russian society predetermined the crisis of legal consciousness, the consequence of which was a significant manifestation of cases of an exceptionally negative state of legal consciousness in the youth environment. For the purposes of study, it is determined that the features of youth legal consciousness, updated by the classics of sociology, are largely due not only to the imperfection of legal acts in terms of the scope of its rights and obligations, but also to the crisis of social institutions of socialization of the younger generation, the specifics of its individual and group characteristics of consciousness and behavior.

scholarly journals Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. C. Adriaense ◽  
V. Šlipogor ◽  
S. Hintze ◽  
L. Marshall ◽  
C. Lamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Positive State

AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects’ emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.

scholarly journals Ambivalence, anxieties / Adaptations, advances: Conceptual History and International Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-771
Author(s):  
MARTIN CLARK
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Negative State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Or History ◽  
Historical Theory

AbstractScholars of the history of international law have recently begun to wonder whether their work is predominantly about law or history. The questions we ask – about materials, contexts and movements – all raise intractable problems of historiography. Yet, few scholars have turned to historical theory to think through how we might go about addressing them.This article works towards remedying that gap by exploring why and how we might engage with historiography more deeply.Section 2 shows how the last three decades of the ‘turn to history’ can be usefully read as a move from ambivalence to anxiety. The major works of the 2000s thoroughly removed the pre-1990s ambivalence to history, offering brief considerations about method. Recent efforts building on those works have led to the present era of anxiety about both history and method, raising questions around materials, contexts and movements. But far from a negative state, this moment of anxiety is both appropriate and potentially creative: it prompts us to rethink our mode of engaging with historiography.Section 3 explores how this engagement might proceed. It reconstructs the principles and debates within conceptual history around the anxieties of materials, contexts and movements. It then explores how these might be adapted to histories of international law, both generally and within one concrete project: a conceptual history of recognition in the writings of British jurists.Section 4 concludes by considering the advances achieved by this kind of engagement, and reflects on new directions for international law and its histories.

scholarly journals Laboratory Investigation of Coupled Electrical Interaction of Fracturing Rock with Gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Enomoto ◽  
Tsuneaki Yamabe ◽  
Shigeki Sugiura ◽  
Hiroshi Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Quartz Diorite ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Focal Zone

Abstract In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created cracked surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stimulated, released into the crack due to the temperature rise at the crack tip via plastic work, and attached to ambient gas molecules to electrify them in a negative state. Using a working hypothesis that this mechanism is the source mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, we conducted laboratory experiments in which rocks were fractured with pressurized N2, CO2, CH4, and hot water vapour. Fractures were induced by a flat-ended indenter equipped with a flow channel, which was loaded against blocks of quartz diorite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Fracture-induced negatively electrified gas currents at ̴25 °C and ̴160 °C were successfully measured for approximately a hundred microseconds or more after full development of the crack. The peak electric currents were as high as 0.05–3 mA, depending on the rock species and interaction area of fractured rock and gas and to a lesser extent on the gas species and temperature. The peak current from fracturing granite, which showed higher g-ray activity, was at least 10 times higher than that from fracturing gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt. The results supported the validity of the present working hypothesis, that coupled interaction of fracturing rock with deep Earth gases during quasi-static rupture of rocks in the focal zone of a fault might play an important role in the generation of pre- and co-seismic electromagnetic phenomena.

scholarly journals MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PESANTREN DALAM MEMBINA MORALITAS SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SABILUL HASANAH BANYUASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Ema Dwi Fitriyani ◽  
Abu Mansur ◽  
Syarnubi Syarnubi
Keyword(s):  
External Factor ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Negative State ◽  
The Family

Morality children in Indonesia have experienced morality degradation which is very concering starting from, drug abuse, student brawls, and criminal acts. The cause of the decline in child morality is deviant associations, the entry of westernized culture, resulting in a negative state. There fore we need an educational instution that can foster children’s morality, one of which is the pesantren eductional instution. This study aims to determine what learning models are carried out by pesantren in fostering the morality of students. And to find out what factor support and hinder the pesantren of student’s morality In pesantren Sabilul Hasanah.. This research includes qualitative field research, using a case study approach  to perfrom deep ekspolasi and research informants using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using, observation, interviews, and documentation while the data analysis techniques uses data reduction, data display and verification. The results of this study indicate that the pesantren learning model in fostering the morality of students in pondok pesantren Sabilul Hasanah Banyuasin getting very good attention from the pesantren. This is shown from the rules which are applied by the pesantren which is arranged through manners and laws pesantren Sabilul Hasanah Banyuasin. Supporting factors in fostering student morality seen from the pesantren environment and ways of parenting the chaplain. Inhibiting factors in discussing the morality of students consisting of internal factor that come from within the student and external factor originating from the family and community evironment.    

Pathological Gambling: A Negative State Model and Its Implications for Behavioral Treatments

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver Hand
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
Getting Lost

AbstractThis article describes a new approach to the understanding and treatment of pathological gambling (PG). In order to foster an understanding of the pathological variations of gambling, gambling as a “normal,” widespread behavior that spans cultures and centuries is briefly reviewed, as is the current socioeconomic impact of gambling on society. PG is interpreted as an excessive exaggeration of a normal behavior (a behavioral excess disorder, or BED), similar to exaggerations of cleaning, grooming, loving, working, or shopping.Particular developmental deficits in certain individuals and their resulting vulnerabilities make these persons prone to “getting lost” in excessive gambling activities. PG fulfills three important functions that serve to maintain these behaviors. Most frequently, it serves the intraindividual function of distraction from a cognitive, emotional, or physiologic negative state (NEST). A second, much less frequent intraindividual function is that of fast socioeconomic self-destruction in persons who develop presuicidal depression before they start gambling. In the worst disease course of this subtype, patients enter a dramatic “last game”; when they lose, “fate has decided” that they should kill themselves immediately thereafter. A third function fulfilled by PG is interactional, ie, in the “I can't be with or without you” type of relationship.These gambling-related vulnerabilities are discussed against the background of recent studies from: (1) cognitive psychological and animal experiments regarding the prediction of future events; (2) functional brain imaging studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder; and (3) gambling experiments (prediction of future events) in patients with specific lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex. This article outlines the basics of strategic-systemic behavior therapy for these conditions, and summarizes results of the first outcome and follow-up studies.

scholarly journals From Unpleasant to Unbearable—Why and How to Implement an Upper Limit to Pain And Other Forms of Suffering in Research with Animals

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Anna S Olsson ◽  
Christine J Nicol ◽  
Steven M Niemi ◽  
Peter Sandøe
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Degree Of Control

Abstract The focus of this paper is the requirement that the use of live animals in experiments and in vivo assays should never be allowed if those uses involve severe suffering. This requirement was first implemented in Danish legislation, was later adopted by the European Union, and has had limited uptake in North America. Animal suffering can arise from exposure to a wide range of different external and internal events that threaten biological or social functions, while the severity of suffering may be influenced by the animals’ perceptions of their own situation and the degree of control they are able to exert. Severe suffering is more than an incremental increase in negative state(s) but involves a qualitative shift whereby the normal mechanisms to contain or keep negative states at arm’s length no longer function. The result of severe suffering will be a loss of the ability of cope. The idea of putting a cap on severe suffering may be justified from multiple ethical perspectives. In most, if not all, cases it is possible to avoid imposing severe suffering on animals during experiments without giving up the potential benefits of finding new ways to cure, prevent, or alleviate serious human diseases and generate other important knowledge. From this it follows that there is a strong ethical case to favor a regulatory ban on animal experiments involving severe suffering.

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