FDI outflow from China to EU countries – exploring alternative futures for Chinese investments in European digital platforms

Author(s):  
Meelis Kitsing
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Bobek ◽  
◽  
Shuporna Ghosh ◽  
Tatjana Horvat ◽  
◽  
...  

Digital data are core to all fast-emerging digital technologies, such as data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and all internet-based services. The dominance of global digital platforms, their control of data, and their capacity to create and capture the ensuing value further accentuate concentration and consolidation rather than reduce inequalities between and within countries. This paper will analyze the digital platform economy in the European Union (EU) in the backdrop of the US and Asia Pacific digital platform economy and throw some light on critical factors for developing the conducive and globally competitive digital industry in the EU. This will be studied through some of the influences such as share of GDP, tax policies, FDI, and regulatory framework in the EU countries, contributing to creating a framework for a competitive global landscape of the EU.


Author(s):  
Margarida Lemos Gomes ◽  
Sofia Gaio

The attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) has increasingly become a strategic priority for competitiveness between countries. The literature highlights the importance that digital platforms, namely websites, have as a promotional marketing toll to attract FDI. Therefore, it is important to understand how EU countries are using digital platforms, namely websites, to present their attractiveness for FDI. The research identifies the factors and arguments that EU countries choose to present and explore on their websites to attract FDI. All the 27 countries FDI (official) websites were analyzed. Results show that main factors presented to attract FDI are quality of life (67%), incentives (67%), talent (63%), and infrastructures information (59%). The research provides an overview of how EU countries are promoting themselves through the websites, as well as a descriptive analysis of what types of competitive arguments are being used and how they are being communicated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Ayhan Dolunay ◽  
Mustafa Sağsan

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Although the digital era allows us to understand irregular human behaviours, jurisprudence attempts to organize and adapt those behaviours into societal rules and regulations. In the frame of technological improvements, knowledge which is used, collected, stored, protected by technical, economic and social fields have been moved onto electronic environments. Information Technology (IT) law plays a very important role to legalize data, information and knowledge within the digital platforms. At this point, Lege Lata (positive law) has a strong relationship between the problems which occurs within the digital era and providing opportunities to prevent regulations for a long time in society. IT law includes specific topics which are directly relevant to some fields such as copyrights, trademarks, criminal sanctions, etc. within the Internet environment. Although most of the countries have already constituted IT Laws in order to solve the digital problems and to prevent or reduce cybercrimes, North Cyprus IT Law improvements are still constitution stage because of some bureaucratic reasons and have seen as a hugely problematic issue for solving the digital problems in the country. For this reason, this study briefly attempts to investigate the constitution of IT Law in North Cyprus. Specifically, IT Law in the context of adaptation process to EU countries will be considered according to rules and regulations of EU IT Law from the two perspectives, called common law and civil law. Literature review will be used by this research to understand whether there are similarities between Turkey-EU countries and North Cyprus based on IT Law and cybercrime or not. The findings which will be relying on literature review will be discussed as a county case studies in the research.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İnternetin, ortaya çıkışı ve değişimi evreleri ardından, içerisinde bulunduğumuz “dijital çağ” olarak adlandırılan dönemdeki yüksek önemine istinaden; bu ortamda gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerin, fonksiyonel olarak düzensiz insan davranışlarını inceleyen hukuk bilimi tarafından düzenleme altına alınması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmeler çerçevesinde insanoğlunun teknik, ekonomik ve toplumsal alanlarda kullandığı bilginin, elektronik ve benzeri makineler aracılığıyla toplanması, işlenmesi, saklanması ve korunması ile, bunlardan doğan ihtilafların çözümünü konu alan bilişim hukuku, pek çok ülkede, başta bilişim yasaları olmak üzere, çeşitli hukuki düzenlemeler ile Lege Lata (pozitif hukuk) olarak, varlık göstermiştir. Gerek internet ortamında yayınlanan eserler üzerindeki telif haklarına aykırı içerikler hususunda cezai müeyyideler getiren; gerekse, internet ortamında gerçekleşen dar ve geniş anlamdaki cezai sonuç doğurucu faaliyetleri kapsamı altına alan bilişim yasaları, belirtildiği gibi pek çok ülkede yürürlüğe girmiş ve gelişen teknoloji ışığında, daha yerinde düzenlemeler için revize edilmeye devam ediyor olsa da, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta, henüz yürürlükte bir bilişim yasası bulunmamaktadır. Taslak halinde olan Bilişim Yasa Tasarısı ise, uzun yıllardır duyulan ihtiyaca ve sürdürülen çalışmalara rağmen yasalaştırılamamıştır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada, literatür taraması çerçevesinde, hukuk düzeni olarak yakın bağlantısı nedeniyle örnek oluşturabilecek Türk Hukuku’nun ve yine Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın, Kıbrıs sorununda olası bir çözüm durumunda, katılma hedefi söz konusu olan Avrupa Birliği’nin çeşitli bilişim hukuku düzenlemelerine başlık ve genel amaçları ile değinilmekte; yasal boşluk nedeniyle Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta söz konusu olan mevcut sosyolojik sorunların tespitine ve ilgili sorunların aşılması için somut çözüm önerilerine yer verilmektedir.</p>


2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
O. A. Markova

Digital transformation has led to changes in business models of traditional players in the existing markets. What is more, new entrants and new markets appeared, in particular platforms and multisided markets. The emergence and rapid development of platforms are caused primarily by the existence of so called indirect network externalities. Regarding to this, a question arises of whether the existing instruments of competition law enforcement and market analysis are still relevant when analyzing markets with digital platforms? This paper aims at discussing advantages and disadvantages of using various tools to define markets with platforms. In particular, we define the features of the SSNIP test when being applyed to markets with platforms. Furthermore, we analyze adjustment in tests for platform market definition in terms of possible type I and type II errors. All in all, it turns out that to reduce the likelihood of type I and type II errors while applying market definition technique to markets with platforms one should consider the type of platform analyzed: transaction platforms without pass-through and non-transaction matching platforms should be tackled as players in a multisided market, whereas non-transaction platforms should be analyzed as players in several interrelated markets. However, if the platform is allowed to adjust prices, there emerges additional challenge that the regulator and companies may manipulate the results of SSNIP test by applying different models of competition.


Author(s):  
Ryzhyuk Yevgeny

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Kathryn Joan Leslie

The scenes in this reflection explore the ways my white, queer, nonbinary body navigates a professional association from the margins under the influence of white supremacy. I confess to shadow feelings of self-importance that continuously creep up as I engage in anti-racist work and consider how this presence of white righteousness must be relentlessly undermined and destabilized as we work to consider new and alternative futures for (organizational) communication studies.


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