Business Design – Structure

Recent innovations in 3D printing technologies and processes have influenced how landscape products are designed, built, and developed. In landscape architecture, reduced-size models are 3D-printed to replicate full-size structures. However, high surface roughness usually occurs on the surfaces of such 3D-printed components, which requires additional post-treatment. In this work, we develop a new type of landscape design structure based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and present a laser polishing method for FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) mechanical components, whereby the surface roughness of the laser-polished surfaces is reduced from over Ra 15 µm to less than 0.25 µm. The detailed results of thermodynamics and microstructure evolution are further analyzed during laser polishing. The stability and accuracy of the results are evaluated based on the standard deviation. Additionally, the superior tensile and flexural properties are examined in the laser-polished layer, in which the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is increased by up to 46.6% and the flexural strength is increased by up to 74.5% compared with the as-fabricated components. Finally, a real polished landscape model is simulated and optimized using a series of scales.

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Online course design structure and interface

New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education ◽

10.1002/ace.20411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (169) ◽

pp. 15-33

Author(s):

Penny Ralston‐Berg ◽

Heather Braatz

Keyword(s):

Course Design ◽

Online Course ◽

Online Course Design ◽

Design Structure

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Experimental nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons using a gravitational field

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3279-3285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhiwei Yan ◽

Chong Sheng ◽

Shining Zhu ◽

Hui Liu

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Field ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽

Simple Structure ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Optical Process ◽

Design Structure ◽

Nonlinear Optical Process ◽

Plasmon Polaritons ◽

Sub Wavelength

AbstractHow to capture electromagnetic fields into sub-wavelength spatial scales has been a major challenge in nanophotonics, especially confining surface plasmon polaritons into regions as small as a few nanometers. Although various methods are proposed to achieve this goal, these methods require complex fabrication process. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the achievement of nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons with an intensity enhancement of three, using the simple structure with just pasting a sliver microwire on a sliver layer. And the designed structure has a well-defined gravitational field inspired by transformation optics. This simple design structure has applications to enhance light–matter interactions, such as nonlinear optical process and Raman scattering.

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A Unique Transdisciplinary Engineering-Based Integrated Approach for the Design of Temporary Refugee Housing Using Kano, HOQ/QFD, TRIZ, AD, ISM and DSM Tools

Designs ◽

10.3390/designs5020031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Daniel Moran ◽

Atila Ertas ◽

Utku Gulbulak

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Social Issues ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Design Problems ◽

Design Structure ◽

Function Design ◽

Complex Engineering ◽

Design Conflicts

The continued displacement of refugees from their homes and homelands (now greater than 50 million people worldwide) places increased focus and attention on evolving the designs of temporary housing that is available to be provided to the refugee population, especially in rural areas where housing does not already exist and must be constructed in very little time. Complex engineering problems involving social issues, such as this case study, benefit from the use of Integrated Transdisciplinary (TD) Tools (ITDT) to effectively and efficiently address the design questions related to them. The integrated use of TD Tools such as Kano Analysis, KJ Diagrams, Critical to Quality (CTQ), House of Quality (HOQ)/Quality Function Design (QFD), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Axiomatic Design (AD), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) through an end-to-end unique design process leads to innovation and elimination of design conflicts for especially complicated design problems. The objective of this study is to examine the design of temporary refugee housing using integrated TD tools mentioned above. This research concludes that the use of the ITDT approach provides an innovative, decoupled design.

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Parametric Design Structures in Low Rise Buildings in Relation to the Urban Context in UAE

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8595

Author(s):

Lindita Bande ◽

Abeer Alshamsi ◽

Anoud Alhefeiti ◽

Sarah Alderei ◽

Sebah Shaban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Parametric Design ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Cost Evaluation ◽

Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Climate Index ◽

Cooling Load ◽

Design Structure ◽

Al Ain ◽

The City

The city of Al Ain (Abu Dhabi, UAE) has a mainly low rise residential buildings. Villas as part of a compound or separate units represent the majority of the residential areas in the city. Due to the harsh hot arid climate of Al Ain, the energy demand for the cooling load is quite high. Therefore, it is relevant finding new retrofit strategies that are efficient in reducing the cooling load of the villas. The aim of this study is to analyze one particular strategy (parametric shading structure) in terms of design, construction, cost, energy impact on the selected villa. The main data for this study is taken from the local sources. There are six steps followed in this analysis: case study analysis; climate analysis; parametric structure and PV panels; building energy consumption and outdoor thermal comfort; modelling, simulation, and validation; materials, construction, and cost evaluation. The model of the villa was validated for the full year 2020 based on the electricity bills obtained. After adding the parametric design structure, the reduction after shading is approximately 10%. Meanwhile the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) dropped from extreme heat stress to strong heat stress (average for the month of March and September). These findings are promising in the retrofit industry due to the advanced calculations used to optimize the parametric design structure.

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