scholarly journals Parametric Design Structures in Low Rise Buildings in Relation to the Urban Context in UAE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8595
Author(s):  
Lindita Bande ◽  
Abeer Alshamsi ◽  
Anoud Alhefeiti ◽  
Sarah Alderei ◽  
Sebah Shaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
The City

The city of Al Ain (Abu Dhabi, UAE) has a mainly low rise residential buildings. Villas as part of a compound or separate units represent the majority of the residential areas in the city. Due to the harsh hot arid climate of Al Ain, the energy demand for the cooling load is quite high. Therefore, it is relevant finding new retrofit strategies that are efficient in reducing the cooling load of the villas. The aim of this study is to analyze one particular strategy (parametric shading structure) in terms of design, construction, cost, energy impact on the selected villa. The main data for this study is taken from the local sources. There are six steps followed in this analysis: case study analysis; climate analysis; parametric structure and PV panels; building energy consumption and outdoor thermal comfort; modelling, simulation, and validation; materials, construction, and cost evaluation. The model of the villa was validated for the full year 2020 based on the electricity bills obtained. After adding the parametric design structure, the reduction after shading is approximately 10%. Meanwhile the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) dropped from extreme heat stress to strong heat stress (average for the month of March and September). These findings are promising in the retrofit industry due to the advanced calculations used to optimize the parametric design structure.

scholarly journals Parametric Design and Comfort Optimization of Dynamic Shading Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7670
Author(s):  
Doris A. Chi ◽  
Edwin González M. ◽  
Renato Valdivia ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez J.
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Dynamic Time

This work implements parametric tools to optimize the environmental design of urban adaptive shadings through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms that look for solutions of dynamic (time-changing) structures used in open public spaces. The proposal is located in Malecon Cancun Tajamar in the southeast part of Mexico, and the main objective is to enhance the thermal comfort of users as well as to become part of the social dynamics of the place reinforcing identity through appropriation. The proposed workflow includes four steps: (1) geometric modelling by parametric modelling tools; (2) simulation of environmental parameters by using BPS tools; (3) shape optimization by using an evolutionary algorithm; and (4) environmental verification of the results. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used to assess the outdoor thermal comfort derived from the dynamic shadings. The results showed a significant improvement in the thermal comfort with absolute UTCI differences of 3.9, 7.4, and 3.1 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the summer; and absolute differences of 1.4, 3.5, and 2 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the winter. The proposed workflow can help to guide the early design process of dynamic shadings by finding optimal solutions that enhance outdoor thermal comfort.

scholarly journals What is the most threatening for citizens of a mid-latitude city: cold stress or heat stress?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Top ◽  
Dragan Milošević ◽  
Steven Caluwaerts ◽  
Stevan Savić
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Belgian Society ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
The City

<p>Both heat and cold waves cause extreme human thermal discomfort and a clear excess in mortality. This shows the importance of knowing the prevailing thermal comfort conditions and how thermal comfort conditions vary in various environments so measures can be taken. Microclimatic and outdoor human thermal comfort conditions are investigated in various built-up and green areas in the city of Ghent (Belgium) using meteorological measurements of six weather stations of the MOCCA (Monitoring the Cities Climate and Atmosphere) network in combination with calculations done by RayMan.</p><p>Normal to extreme summer heat wave periods show that dangerous strong heat stress prevails during the daytime periods at all locations. Comparison of thermal comfort during normal and extreme summer heat wave periods showed that heat stress is more extreme when a heat wave is more intense. Overall the urban park in Ghent was the most comfortable location during heat waves since it effectively mitigates heat stress in the city. These results should be taken into account in urban planning and design to keep mid-latitude cities livable.</p><p>Further, a one year data series revealed that outdoor cold stress was more apparent during 2017 in the mid-latitude city of Ghent that experiences a mild maritime climate. During spring and summer, both heat stress and cold stress occurred due to the larger diurnal temperature range compared to the other seasons. Even though high Physiological Equivalent Temperatures (PET) were obtained during a heat wave in summer, heat stress did not occur as intensely and as frequently compared to cold stress on annual level. It could thus be stated that outdoors, cold stress is a bigger threat than heat stress. However, one should keep in mind that the study was executed for outdoor thermal heat comfort and that people will take shelter or take measures when feeling uncomfortable. The question is thus rather, how are citizens protected against heat and cold stress? Currently, the Belgian society is better adapted to cold stress since most buildings contain central heating, while air conditioning is not standard. Future projections predict an increase in temperature, causing more occurrence of extreme heat stress, while extreme cold stress will be reduced. Additionally, the urban heat island effect currently has mainly a positive effect on the average annual outdoor thermal comfort conditions, while it will become a negative effect in the warmer future. Measures should thus be taken to reduce the threat of future heat stress.</p>

scholarly journals Approaching environmental human thermophysiological thresholds for the case of Ankara, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 533-555
Author(s):  
A. Santos Nouri ◽  
Y. Afacan ◽  
O. Çalışkan ◽  
Tzu-Ping Lin ◽  
A. Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The City ◽  
Extreme Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Extremes

AbstractThe disclosed study undertook a ‘human centred-approach’ that ascertained and categorised environmental human thermophysiological risk factors by relating them to the human biometeorological system through the use of three widely utilised energy balance model (EBM) indices, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), the modified PET, and the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The disclosed assessment was carried out over the past decade (i.e., 2010–2019) with a 3-h temporal resolution for the case of Ankara through two WMO meteorological stations to compare both local urban and peri-urban environmental conditions. The study recognised extreme annual variability of human physiological stress (PS) during the different seasons as a result of the biometeorological processing of the singular variables, which in the case of average PET for both stations, varied by up to 75 °C between the winter and summer for the same annual dataset (2012). In addition, all EBMs indicated higher heat stress within the city centre that were conducive of both urban extreme heatwaves and very hot days during the summer months, with extreme heat stress levels lasting for longer than a week with PET values reaching a maximum of 48 °C. Similar cold extremes were found for the winter months, with PET values reaching − 30 °C, and average PS levels varying lower in the case of the peri-urban station.Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Optimization of Daylighting, Ventilation, and Cooling Load Performance of Apartment in Tropical Ocean Area Based on Parametric Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jianjian Zhang ◽  
Lin Ji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Tropical Areas

In tropical areas of China, energy saving is an important part of architectural design, and the energy-saving potential of residential buildings has attracted extensive attention. This paper studies the daylighting, ventilation, and building energy consumption in tropical areas to find out the best energy-saving performance parameters. The building model is established by grasshopper, and the parameters of daylighting, ventilation performance and cooling load are simulated. The octopus plug-in in grasshopper is used to calculate the target value iteratively, so as to find the relative optimal value of multiobjective. Finally, the optimized design value is compared with the initial value. The results show that the refrigeration energy consumption is greatly reduced from 188.20 kwh/m2 to 163.02 kwh/m2, the Daylight Autonomy (DLA) is reduced from 60.71% to 58.56%, and the ventilation wind speed is increased from 0.62 to 0.63 m/s. It can be seen from the results that although the daylighting objectives was reduced, the cooling energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the optimized daylighting layout is more balanced and reasonable. Therefore, on the basis of reasonable layout, this optimization study effectively reduces the refrigeration energy consumption and achieves the goal of green energy saving.

scholarly journals Biothermal conditions on Mt. Zlatibor based on thermophysiological indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Pecelj ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic ◽  
Milovan Pecelj ◽  
Jelena Pecelj-Purkovic ◽  
Dejan Filipovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Bioclimatic Indices ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Human Bioclimatology ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

This paper presents part of the research in the field of human bioclimatology and refers to biothermal conditions in different geographical environments in Serbia: an urban area and a mountain of medium height. The goal of the paper was to show bioclimatic differences during the summer between the city of Belgrade (116 m a.s.l.) and the mountain resort of Zlatibor (1498 m a.s.l.). The basic principle of bioclimatic analysis is the human heat balance between man and environment. This methodological approach is a combination of physiological and meteorological parameters that result in thermophysiological bioclimatic indices: heat load (HL) in man and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). For this analysis, weather data for July, as the warmest month, was obtained, using daily meteorological data for the decade from 2000 to 2010. Results for July indicate a considerable difference between the two abovementioned environments. HL in Belgrade was dominated by degrees of comfort ?hot? and ?extremely hot, with the highest value of 4.540, while for Zlatibor the dominant degree of comfort was ?warm?. The UTCI in Belgrade has dominated by strong heat stress and moderate heat stress, compared to Zlatibor where the UTCI is dominated by moderate heat stress. In addition, a significant part of the monitored decade on Mt. Zlatibor was without heat stress, with the exception of 2006 and 2007, indicating favorable biothermal characteristics. Therefore, compared to Belgrade, with its considerably lower overall heat stress Zlatibor has the characteristics of a site with favorable bioclimatic qualities.

scholarly journals Are the Levels of Lipid Parameters Associated with Biometeorological Conditions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4636
Author(s):  
Skutecki ◽  
Cymes ◽  
Dragańska ◽  
Glińska-Lewczuk ◽  
Buciński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Lipid disorders, especially hypercholesterolemia, are one of the most thoroughly investigated cardiovascular risk factors. Their correlation with biometeorological conditions has been reported, with authors stressing seasonal increases of total cholesterol (TC) levels, mostly occurring in winter. This study aims at determining the correlation between the level of lipid parameters (LP) and meteorological conditions, analyzing seasonal variations in LP levels, and attempting to answer the following questions: do changes in LP levels result from the organism’s response to cold or heat stress, or are they secondary to seasonal dietary variations? An observational study comprised ambulatory patients from the city of Olsztyn (Poland), for whom laboratory test were performed in 2016–2018, with 106,325 records of TC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG). LP levels were matched with atmospheric conditions on the day when the test was conducted and expressed by the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). We demonstrated seasonal increases of TC in cold stress (in wintertime) and of TG in heat stress (summer). The analysis of LP levels in specific periods revealed the increase of TC levels after holidays (i.e., Christmas and Easter) in men by 4.56%, and the increase of TG levels in women by 13.46% in the same period. Our results suggest the secondary, diet-dependent underlying cause of the observed changes. This work contributes to the discussion concerning the impact of biometeorological factors on LP levels and may be of significance when planning population-dedicated preventive activities.

scholarly journals Thermal stress assessment for an Arctic city in summer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
P.I. Konstantinov ◽  
◽  
M.I. Varentsov ◽  
M.Y. Grishchenko ◽  
T.E. Samsonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Bioclimatic Comfort ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Heat Perception ◽  
Pet Index ◽  
The City

Despite the fact, that against the background of global warming the Russian Arctic is still a region with severe winters and cool summers; the likelihood of thermal stress conditions in summer is also increasing. At the same time, urban conditions can significantly affect the human heat perception due to the appearance of the urban heat island effect and other factors. Using the example of the city of Nadym (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), the authors have assessed the possibility of the summer urban heat stress occurrence and analyzed its spatial heterogeneity. The article presents the detailed modeling results of the meteorological regime of the city within the framework of the COSMO-CLM model and the assessment of bioclimatic comfort using the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). During periods of the extremely hot weather events in Nadym, the territory meso- and microclimatic mosaicism clearly manifests itself. In anthropogenically altered territories, the frequency of strong heat stress events can exceed that in the background areas by 1.7 times. Urban planning solutions should take into account not only the climatic resistance of Arctic cities to the winter cold, but also be adapted to the occurrence of summer heat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urban-Scale Building Energy-Use Models and Tools—Application for the City of Fribourg, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Roberto Boghetti ◽  
Jérôme H. Kämpf ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Building energy-use models and tools can simulate and represent the distribution of energy consumption of buildings located in an urban area. The aim of these models is to simulate the energy performance of buildings at multiple temporal and spatial scales, taking into account both the building shape and the surrounding urban context. This paper investigates existing models by simulating the hourly space heating consumption of residential buildings in an urban environment. Existing bottom-up urban-energy models were applied to the city of Fribourg in order to evaluate the accuracy and flexibility of energy simulations. Two common energy-use models—a machine learning model and a GIS-based engineering model—were compared and evaluated against anonymized monitoring data. The study shows that the simulations were quite precise with an annual mean absolute percentage error of 12.8 and 19.3% for the machine learning and the GIS-based engineering model, respectively, on residential buildings built in different periods of construction. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method was carried out on the GIS-based engineering model in order to assess the impact of input variables on space heating consumption and to identify possible optimization opportunities of the existing model.

scholarly journals Temperature-Related Mortality in Helsinki Compared to Its Surrounding Region Over Two Decades, with Special Emphasis on Intensive Heatwaves

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Reija Ruuhela ◽  
Athanasios Votsis ◽  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
Susanna Kankaanpää ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City ◽  
Related Mortality

Urbanization and ongoing climate change increase the exposure of the populations to heat stress, and the urban heat island (UHI) effect may magnify heat-related mortality, especially during heatwaves. We studied temperature-related mortality in the city of Helsinki—with urban and suburban land uses—and in the surrounding Helsinki-Uusimaa hospital district (HUS-H, excluding Helsinki)—with more rural types of land uses—in southern Finland for two decades, 2000–2018. Dependence of the risk of daily all-cause deaths (all-age and 75+ years) on daily mean temperature was modelled using the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The modelled relationships were applied in assessing deaths attributable to four intensive heatwaves during the study period. The results showed that the heat-related mortality risk was substantially higher in Helsinki than in HUS-H, and the mortality rates attributable to four intensive heatwaves (2003, 2010, 2014 and 2018) were about 2.5 times higher in Helsinki than in HUS-H. Among the elderly, heat-related risks were also higher in Helsinki, while cold-related risks were higher in the surrounding region. The temperature ranges recorded in the fairly coarse resolution gridded datasets were not distinctly different in the two considered regions. It is therefore probable that the modelling underestimated the actual exposure to the heat stress in Helsinki. We also studied the modifying, short-term impact of air quality on the modelled temperature-mortality association in Helsinki; this effect was found to be small. We discuss a need for higher resolution data and modelling the UHI effect, and regional differences in vulnerability to thermal stress.

Water consumption in public schools for the city of Bologna, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Farina ◽  
Marco Maglionico ◽  
Marco Pollastri ◽  
Irena Stojkov
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Secondary School Student ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The City

For most buildings considered to be of a public non-residential type there are insufficient published data to establish and compare the theoretical standards with actual consumption data. Therefore, water consumption per user in non-residential buildings is still a very complicated issue for engineers and designers involved in analysing water demand and water management. This is why linking water consumption and school occupancy is the goal of this paper, trying to set the basis for further design, conservation and educational interventions on this topic. This research integrates quantitative data of water consumption, through water metering and analysis, and historical data about users in buildings. We focused on consumptions for four types of schools: nurseries (0–3-year-old children), kindergartens (3–6 years), elementary schools (6–11 years) and secondary 1st grade schools (11–14 years). The results are that the rational basic demand for water is estimated as 48.8 l per pre-school student per day and 18.7 l per elementary/secondary school student per day. Therefore we found that younger children use more water on a daily basis than older ones, probably because they need more services, such as laundries and kitchens, whereas older students consume water mainly in restrooms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document