Amichai, Yehuda (1924–2000)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Baroukh
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Octavio Paz ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
World War ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Ted Hughes ◽  
Hebrew University

Yehuda Amichai was born in Würzburg, Germany to an Orthodox Jewish family, and was raised speaking both Hebrew and German. His family migrated to Israel in 1936. He participated in World War II as part of the Jewish Brigade, and fought in the Israeli War of Independence in 1948. He studied Hebrew literature and the Bible at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Amichai started writing poetry in 1948, during the War of Independence. His poems were first published in the early 1950s. His first book of poetry, Akhshav u-ba-yamim ha-a’herim [Now and on Other Days], was published in 1955. His poetics was soon recognized for its modernistic trends, unique voice and innovative figurative language, and was considered nothing less than revolutionary. His poems were translated into more than thirty languages and received broad international recognition, with praise from poets such as Ted Hughes, Paul Celan and Octavio Paz. He won almost every literary prize available in Israel as well as many international prizes. He died in 2000, and was buried in Jerusalem.

JOSEPH HELLER, The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and His Critics (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000). Pp. 379. $49.95.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Bernard Reich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
World War ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Joseph Heller ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
State Of Israel

Joseph Heller, associate professor of international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who has previously written about the transition from the Palestine Mandate to Israel (including a study of the Stern Gang and of Zionist politics in the pre-state period), examines a period of great interest to students of contemporary Middle Eastern history and politics, as well as to those who focus on Zionism, Israel, and the Arab–Israeli conflict. He analyzes the internal decision-making of the Zionist Yishuv (Jewish community in Palestine) leadership in Jerusalem from the end of World War II until the armistice agreements at the termination of the first Arab–Israeli War (the Israeli War of Independence; al-Nakba for the Arabs)—in other words, the events leading to and immediately following the creation of the State of Israel.

The Idiom of Scripture, Leviticus 18:5, and Theology at a Time of Paradigm Shift

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Merwyn S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The Bible ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
Law And Gospel

Leviticus 18:5b ( the one doing them shall live in them) offers a prism through which to view the idiom of Scripture—the distinctive dynamics and theology of the Bible. The verse pinpoints the interplay between God's doing-and-living and ours. At issue is whether the commandments reflect a “command-and-do” structure of life with God, which maximizes a quid pro quo dynamic between God and us; or do the commandments delineate a “covenant place where” we abide with God and God with us, as a gift of shared doing pure and simple? The article traces Leviticus 18:5b through both Old and New Testaments, to show how pervasive it is. The main post-World War II English translations misstate the verse at every turn, in contrast to the 16th-century Church Reformation, which understood the verse and the issue under the topic of Law and Gospel.

Greece: Twisting The Elephant's Tail

Worldview ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Stephen Rousseas
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Truman Doctrine ◽  
Modern Greece ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The U.S

Modern Greece has been a hapless country. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Greece was occupied for almost four hundred years by the Turks. The War of Independence, which began in 1821, continued for twelve years before it was finally resolved and the Triple Alliance implanted the Bavarian King Otho on the throne. Great Britain soon came to dominate Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean—a dominance that lasted, except for the German occupation of 1941-44, until 1947, when the U.S. stepped in with the Truman Doctrine. Thus began the period of the latest domination of Greece.At the outbreak of World War II, Greece was under the dictatorship of General Metaxas. When, on October 28, 1940, Mussolini issued his ultimatum to Greece, Metaxas replied with his now famous “Ohi” and the Greek troops humiliated Mussolini's minions in the mountains of Albania.

scholarly journals PAUL CELAN AND “GROUP 47”

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Zachevsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
Common View ◽  
Critical Reviews ◽  
Literary Circles

The article deals with the unsuccessful debut of the little-known at that time, but valued in literary circles, Austrian poet Paul Celan at the meeting of the “Group 47”, the famous literary association, in Nindorf in May 1952. Here two worlds of perception of reality collided, these worlds could not basically coexist, for, while maintaining a common view in respect to the events of World War II, the representatives of these two worlds perceived events in a different light. Refined, full of the richness of world poetry, with elements of Hasidic mystery, the poems of Paul Celan, read by him a là the liturgical sermon, clearly contrasted with the poetry of the “Group 47”, marked by commitment to manifestations of life which were far from being poetic. The critical reviews of the meeting participants on Celan’s speech were sharp, which was characteristic of the authors of the “Group 47”, who were mainly participants in the war, and made Celan feel like he was among the Nazis. The misunderstanding between Celan and the participants in the meeting in Nindorf did not prevent the critics from recognizing the significance of his poetry and contributed to the fact that since then Celan’s work has received worldwide recognition. Thanks to the “Group 47”, the poet found his publisher, but subsequently avoided contact with the “Group 47” in every possible way, although he repeatedly received invitations to take part in its meetings.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1914–1950

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-203
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Per Capita

This chapter explains how the period 1913 to 1950 was exceptionally difficult for Turkey. The country had to deal with the difficulties of the transition from being part of a larger empire to becoming a nation-state within new borders. Available data suggest income per capita declined by as much as 40 percent during World War I and remained depressed until the end of the War of Independence in 1922. Per capita incomes then increased rapidly in the 1920s and caught up with their pre-World War I levels and may have even slightly exceeded them by 1929. They then fell sharply, by more than 30 percent during World War II. Given these very large fluctuations in per capita income, it makes a big difference which end years are used in calculating the average growth rates for this period.

Kovner vs. Kovner: “A Parting from the South” vs. “Combat Page”

AJS Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242
Author(s):  
Reuven Shoham
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Long Poem ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Freedom Fighter

The poet Abba Kovner was a partisan and freedom fighter during World War II (1942–1945), made aliyah in 1945, and published his first long poem, ‘Ad lo ’or (“Until There Was No Light”), in 1947. At the outbreak of the Israeli War of Independence he fought on the Egyptian front (1947–48), serving as a cultural officer, or politruk in the Giv'ati Brigade. Preda me-ha-darom (“A Parting from the South”), his second long poem and one of the pivotal works by a modern Hebrew poet, was written against the background of the War of Independence. However, critics have not yet been able to find a fitting place for it in the canon of Hebrew poetry and culture, although several serious attempts have been made. The present study does not refer to every aspect of this complex poem but focuses on one particular point. I contend that “A Parting from the South” implies an attempt by the visionary speaker of the poem to compel the young country, soon after the war, to part from the world of death, from cultic memories of the dead and guilt feelings toward them (the dead in the 1948 war in Israel and the dead in the ghettos of Nazi Europe in World War II). Abba Kovner tries to detach himself, and his readers, from death, to liberate them from the old perspectives.

Anthropology and the Study of Traditional Jewish Societies

AJS Review ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
World War ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Ancient Judaism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Written Traditions ◽  
Natural Expression

The analytic tools of anthropology originally were fashioned on smallscale tribal groups that possessed no written traditions. After World War II, as anthropologists became involved in the study of complex societies in different “developing areas,” the discipline began to relate its findings to the concerns of other fields. Simultaneously, scholars from other social and humanist disciplines, who previously had assumed that anthropologists focused only on “primitives,” began to incorporate anthropological methods and concepts into their tool kits. As part of these general trends, there were anthropologists who turned to the study of Jewish society and culture. One natural expression of this trend has been the study of contemporary Jewish communities. There are now dozens of studies of Jewish life from one or another anthropological perspective, most of them dealing mainly with Jews in the United States of Ashkenazi background or with communities in Israel whose origins were in the Middle East. A very different trend is found in the analysis of classic texts, notably the Bible but with some attention being given to rabbinic literature, using structuralism and related methodologies. At first initiated by anthropologists who were not themselves specialists in the biblical period, these approaches have now been adopted by some students of ancient Judaism, who combine them with the more standard methods used in research on biblical and rabbinic texts.

Economic Planning of the Free Market in Israel during the First Decade: The Influence of Don Patinkin on Israeli Policy Discourse

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Krampf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
Economics Department

ArgumentFollowing World War II, as macroeconomics and econometrics became a necessary tool for policy-making, economists worldwide rose in influence. Those economists in peripheral and new countries were especially important as they could wield the instruments essential in forming states. Israel was no exception. In Israel this process was associated with the establishment of the economics department at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the Falk Project, led by Don Patinkin and the community of economists that he nurtured. This article poses three questions regarding Patinkin's influence and his role in the process of state formation. First, how did he affect economic policy discourse in Israel; second, what role did Patinkin and his students play in the process of state formation; and finally, what was the effect of Patinkin and his students on Israeli government policies? I argue that Patinkin had a specific and irreducible influence on the localization of pro-market ideas and policies in Israel, and that he and his students contributed to the consolidation of the state autonomy and capacity. Furthermore, I argue that they contributed to a more strict implementation of the recession policy in the mid-1960s.

Rivesaltes

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Susan Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
Algerian War Of Independence ◽  
Failure To Protect

The Camp Joffre, otherwise known as the Camp de Rivesaltes, played a role in many of the major conflicts of the twentieth century, including the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and the Algerian war of independence. Originally designed as a military base, the camp was frequently reconfigured and was used for diverse purposes, often serving as an internment centre. The memorial museum, which was opened in October 2015, bears witness to the camp’s multifaceted history. As a postcolonial site of memory, Rivesaltes is primarily associated with the harkis, the Algerians who worked for the French during the war of independence and who found themselves isolated in temporary housing camps when they were repatriated to France at the end of the conflict. Emblematic of the housing camps in general, Rivesaltes figures prominently in the community’s collective memories as a symbol of their marginalization and of France’s failure to protect them.

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