Adaptation to Climate Trends: Lessons from the Argentine Experience

This paper characterizes non-indigenous fish species (NIS) and analyses both atmospheric and sea surface temperatures for the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1991 to 2020, in relation to previous reports in the same areas. Taxonomical characterization depicts 47 NIS from the Suez Canal (Lessepsian/alien) and 5 from the Atlantic provenance. GenBank accession number of the NIS mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase 1, reproductive and commercial biodata, and a schematic Inkscape drawing for the most harmful Lessepsian species were reported. For sea surface temperatures (SST), an increase of 1.2 °C to 1.6 °C was observed using GIS software. The lack of linear correlation between annual air temperature and annual SST at the same detection points (Pearson r) could suggest a difference in submarine currents, whereas the Pettitt homogeneity test highlights a temperature breakpoint in 2005–2006 that may have favoured the settlement of non-indigenous fauna in the coastal sites of Damiette, El Arish, El Hammam, Alexandria, El Alamain, and Mersa Matruh, while there seems to be a breakpoint present in 2001 for El Sallum. This assessment of climate trends is in good agreement with the previous sightings of non-native fish species. New insights into the assessment of Egyptian coastal climate change are discussed.

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Past climate variations recorded in needle-like aragonites correlate with organic carbon burial efficiency as revealed by lake sediments in Croatia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87166-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Razum ◽

Petra Bajo ◽

Dea Brunović ◽

Nikolina Ilijanić ◽

Ozren Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Climate Variations ◽

Before Present ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Climate Trends ◽

Geochemical Proxies ◽

Carbon Burial ◽

Organic Carbon Burial ◽

Burial Efficiency

AbstractThe drivers of organic carbon (OC) burial efficiency are still poorly understood despite their key role in reliable projections of future climate trends. Here, we provide insights on this issue by presenting a paleoclimate time series of sediments, including the OC contents, from Lake Veliko jezero, Croatia. The Sr/Ca ratios of the bulk sediment are mainly derived from the strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of needle-like aragonite in Core M1-A and used as paleotemperature and paleohydrology indicators. Four major and six minor cold and dry events were detected in the interval from 8.3 to 2.6 calibrated kilo anno before present (cal ka BP). The combined assessment of Sr/Ca ratios, OC content, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, stable carbon isotope (δ13C) ratios, and modeled geochemical proxies for paleoredox conditions and aeolian input revealed that cold and dry climate states promoted anoxic conditions in the lake, thereby enhancing organic matter preservation and increasing the OC burial efficiency. Our study shows that the projected future increase in temperature might play an important role in the OC burial efficiency of meromictic lakes.

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Reply to Kovaleski and Baseggio: Increased corn yields from historical climate trends are a double-edged sword

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1905004116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 10209-10210

Author(s):

Ethan E. Butler ◽

Nathaniel D. Mueller ◽

Peter Huybers

Keyword(s):

Climate Trends ◽

Historical Climate

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The Uneven Influence of Climate Trends and Agricultural Policies on Maize Production in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Land ◽

10.3390/land7030080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sofia Mardero ◽

Birgit Schmook ◽

Jorge López-Martínez ◽

Lizette Cicero ◽

Claudia Radel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yucatan Peninsula ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Climate Trends ◽

Maize Production ◽

Yucatán Peninsula

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Observed wave climate trends in the offshore Black Sea from 1990 to 2014

Oceanology ◽

10.1134/s0001437015060041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 837-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. V. Divinsky ◽

R. D. Kos’yan

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Wave Climate ◽

Climate Trends

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Future climate trends of subtropical cyclones in the South Atlantic basin in an ensemble of global and regional projections

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-021-05958-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Marcos de Jesus ◽

Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha ◽

Natália Machado Crespo ◽

Michelle Simões Reboita ◽

Luiz Felippe Gozzo

Keyword(s):

South Atlantic ◽

Future Climate ◽

Climate Trends ◽

The South ◽

Atlantic Basin

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Can we model observed soil carbon changes from a dense inventory? A case study over England and Wales using three versions of the ORCHIDEE ecosystem model (AR5, AR5-PRIM and O-CN)

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-6-2153-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2153-2163 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

B. Guenet ◽

F. E. Moyano ◽

N. Vuichard ◽

G. J. D. Kirk ◽

P. H. Bellamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Carbon Mineralization ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

Climate Trends ◽

England And Wales ◽

Carbon Decomposition ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Carbon Losses

Abstract. A widespread decrease of the topsoil carbon content was observed over England and Wales during the period 1978–2003 in the National Soil Inventory (NSI), amounting to a carbon loss of 4.44 Tg yr−1 over 141 550 km2. Subsequent modelling studies have shown that changes in temperature and precipitation could only account for a small part of the observed decrease, and therefore that changes in land use and management and resulting changes in heterotrophic respiration or net primary productivity were the main causes. So far, all the models used to reproduce the NSI data have not accounted for plant–soil interactions and have only been soil carbon models with carbon inputs forced by data. Here, we use three different versions of a process-based coupled soil–vegetation model called ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems), in order to separate the effect of trends in soil carbon input from soil carbon mineralization induced by climate trends over 1978–2003. The first version of the model (ORCHIDEE-AR5), used for IPCC-AR5 CMIP5 Earth System simulations, is based on three soil carbon pools defined with first-order decomposition kinetics, as in the CENTURY model. The second version (ORCHIDEE-AR5-PRIM) built for this study includes a relationship between litter carbon and decomposition rates, to reproduce a priming effect on decomposition. The last version (O-CN) takes into account N-related processes. Soil carbon decomposition in O-CN is based on CENTURY, but adds N limitations on litter decomposition. We performed regional gridded simulations with these three versions of the ORCHIDEE model over England and Wales. None of the three model versions was able to reproduce the observed NSI soil carbon trend. This suggests either that climate change is not the main driver for observed soil carbon losses or that the ORCHIDEE model even with priming or N effects on decomposition lacks the basic mechanisms to explain soil carbon change in response to climate, which would raise a caution flag about the ability of this type of model to project soil carbon changes in response to future warming. A third possible explanation could be that the NSI measurements made on the topsoil are not representative of the total soil carbon losses integrated over the entire soil depth, and thus cannot be compared with the model output.

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Peculiarly pleasant weather for US maize

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1808035115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (47) ◽

pp. 11935-11940 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ethan E. Butler ◽

Nathaniel D. Mueller ◽

Peter Huybers

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Growing Season ◽

Crop Model ◽

World Population ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Climate Trends ◽

Historical Trends ◽

Yield Trends ◽

The Relationship ◽

Temperature Responses

Continuation of historical trends in crop yield are critical to meeting the demands of a growing and more affluent world population. Climate change may compromise our ability to meet these demands, but estimates vary widely, highlighting the importance of understanding historical interactions between yield and climate trends. The relationship between temperature and yield is nuanced, involving differential yield outcomes to warm (9−29 °C) and hot (>29 °C) temperatures and differing sensitivity across growth phases. Here, we use a crop model that resolves temperature responses according to magnitude and growth phase to show that US maize has benefited from weather shifts since 1981. Improvements are related to lengthening of the growing season and cooling of the hottest temperatures. Furthermore, current farmer cropping schedules are more beneficial in the climate of the last decade than they would have been in earlier decades, indicating statistically significant adaptation to a changing climate of 13 kg·ha−1· decade−1. All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981. Sustaining positive trends in yield depends on whether improvements in agricultural climate continue and the degree to which farmers adapt to future climates.

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