Ax or Plow? Significant Colonial Landscape Alteration Rates in the Maryland and Virginia Tidewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
David O. Percy
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Alteration

scholarly journals Transformasi Lanskap dan Layanan Ekosistem Budaya di Area Peri-Urban: Wisata Alam dan Permukiman di Bandung Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Medria Shekar Rani
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Destination Area ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Increasing Demand

Peri-urban provides complementary urban ecosystem services when green areas in cities are decreasing due to densification. However, land cover change in the area from natural landscapes to agriculture and settlements affects the ecosystem's capacity to provide services. This study aims to identify landscape transformation using a model and analyze its effects on cultural ecosystem services at Kawah Putih (White Crater) nature-based tourism destination area in the peri-urban in South Bandung, Indonesia. This study also analyzes how cultural ecosystem services and the increasing demand for new settlements in the area have influenced tourist visitation. Landscape change in the area (1989-2019) was identified from mapsdeveloped from Landsat imagery, using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module in Terrset. A spatial assessment of offered cultural ecosystem services was then conducted using three indicators based on the land cover change near Kawah Putih. It is found that the composition of developed areas in the district has increased from 6.09% to 10.79% in 30 years. The quality of cultural ecosystem service has decreased, which is arguably influenced by the landscape alteration in the area. However, there was an increasing trend in the number of tourists (2016-2019) despite the deterioration of landscape quality. It is argued that the result is influenced by the visitors' perception of the landscape in the case study area. The rapid land cover change in the area was affected by the nearby city's growth, in which the tourism industry is one of the elements of such transformation.

Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing ◽  
Coastal Louisiana

Coastal Louisiana, like many deltaic land masses, faces continued landscape alteration from natural processes and anthropogenic impacts that affect estuarine habitat. The most promising steps to slow/ mitigate these changes are river diversions that introduce freshwater and sediment to river-flanking environments and to help establish ideal salinities over historic oyster grounds. Critical to the success of these programs is a rapid and accurate means to qualify and quantify changes in oyster habitat. Digital high-resolution acoustic instrumentation linked to modern data acquisition and processing software was used to build baseline of information for evaluating future changes in shallow water bottoms, with special emphasis on oyster habitats. Application of digital side-scan sonar (100 and 500 kHz), a broad-spectrum sub-bottom profiler (4-24 kHz) for rapidly acquiring water column, surficial and shallow subsurface was used to map over 10,000 ha of water bottom. Geo-referenced side scan sonar mosaics were incorporated into a GIS data base. These data sets, “calibrated” with surface sampling, coring, and other “ground truthing” have established that numerically indexed acoustic reflectance intensities correlate closely with surface shell and oyster reef density. With image processing techniques to analyze mosaic reflectance patterns, we estimated the percent and total acreage of several bottom types.

Present state and future prospects for groundwater ecosystems

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan L. Danielopol ◽  
Christian Griebler ◽  
Amara Gunatilaka ◽  
Jos Notenboom
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Ecological and socioeconomic aspects of subterranean hydrosystems have changed during the past 40–50 years. The major environmental pressures (mainly anthropogenic ones) impact the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the state of subsurface ecosystems, and it is expected that the environmental pressures on groundwater will continue, at least until 2025, unless new environmental policies change this state of affairs. The world demographic increase and the general rise of water demand constitute one of the major environmental pressures on groundwater ecosystems especially in less developed countries in Africa, Asia and South America. Specific human activities leading to the depletion of groundwater reserves include agricultural practices, landscape alteration, urbanization demand for domestic and public drinking water, various industrial activities such as thermoelectric production and mining, and the rise of tourism in coastal areas. Climate change is contributing to the water crisis too, especially in areas with arid climate and/or in some humid monsoonal countries. The overload of aquifers with pollutants derived from agriculture (fertilizers and pesticides), from industry (release of hydrocarbon chemicals, especially spills), from waste and industrial waters, from domestic and industrial landfills, from the infiltration of pollutants from surface and from the intrusion of saline water affect groundwater quality. The dangerous increase in contaminated subsurface sites with chemicals and microbial pathogens brings with it health risks to humans. Changes of redox condition in groundwater zones, changes of biological diversity, vegetation changes with modification of agriculture practices and impacts at the biosphere scale, such as the increase in the concentration of nitrous oxides in the atmosphere, all impact groundwater ecosystems. Groundwater ecosystems must be better investigated and understood. Economic, social and ecological lines of thinking have to be combined in order to achieve meaningful policies for the sustainable development of groundwater reserves and for the protection of subsurface ecosystems. Practical measures and ideas for the development of policies up to the 2025 time-horizon should improve the sustainable usage of the world's groundwater resources.

Proactive responses to human impacts that balance development and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) conservation: an integrative model

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 288-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A Wilzbach ◽  
Martha E Mather ◽  
Carol L Folt ◽  
Andrew Moore ◽  
Robert J Naiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Alteration

Incorporating human impacts into conservation plans is critical to protect natural resources. Using a model that examines how anthropogenic changes might be proactively influenced to promote conservation, we argue that a denser human population does not spell inevitable doom for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Humans affect the Atlantic salmon ecosystem deleteriously through landscape alteration, exploitation, external inputs, and resource competition. An intact ecosystem provides positive feedback to society by providing food, ecosystem services, and improving the quality of life. As Atlantic salmon and associated ecosystem benefits are increasingly valued by society, policies, laws, and regulations that protect salmon populations and habitats are codified into a "control system" or institutional infrastructure. Via research that helps maintain wild salmon populations and in informing the public about the benefits of a healthy Atlantic salmon ecosystem, scientists can influence public attitudes and facilitate the implementation of environmental policies that moderate harmful anthropogenic changes. Because exchange among scientists is of paramount importance in increasing our understanding of important interrelationships between humans and fish, we recommend the establishment of an international salmon organization for research.

scholarly journals Landscape alteration in view of soil protection from water erosion - an example of the Mielnica watershed

2009 ◽  
Vol 13a (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Żmuda ◽  
Szymon Szewrański ◽  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Łukasz Szarawarski ◽  
Michał Kuriata
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Set Up

Landscape alteration in view of soil protection from water erosion - an example of the Mielnica watershed The paper pertains to landscape management in eroded areas. Erosion processes, especially water erosion of soils, change the existing landscapes and make them less attractive or even hostile to people. Such situation calls for protective actions e.g. an appropriate management of agricultural landscape to minimise negative consequences of such phenomena. The paper presents a concept of counter-erosion measures to be implemented in the Trzebnickie Hills and comments their effect on the landscape. The concept was applied to an agricultural watershed of the Mielnica River. Particular attention was paid to visual aspect of this landscape and to functioning of its elements. Changes in the landscape were visualised and set up with the present status of the watershed.

scholarly journals Novel Techniques for Anticipating the Focus of Visual Attention across Different Mining Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Loukas-Moysis Misthos ◽  
Maria Menegaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Attention Focus ◽  
Landscape Alteration

Surface mining activities support socioeconomic development but also cause significant landscape alteration and degradation. By definition, the concept of landscape requires observers; thus, the way mining landscapes are actually observed needs to be taken into consideration for mitigating visual nuisance from open pit mines. This paper utilizes eye tracking techniques for recording and rendering the actual attention patterns of observers, along with saliency models that ‘predict’ the focus of attention in mining landscape photographs. As it turns out, saliency models can aid in reliably anticipating the attention focus across a range of different mining landscapes.

scholarly journals Artificial lake expansion amplifies mercury pollution from gold mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. eabd4953
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. Gerson ◽  
Simon N. Topp ◽  
Claudia M. Vega ◽  
John R. Gardner ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Mercury Loading

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest global source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. However, little is known about how effectively mercury released from ASGM is converted into the bioavailable form of methylmercury in ASGM-altered landscapes. Through examination of ASGM-impacted river basins in Peru, we show that lake area in heavily mined watersheds has increased by 670% between 1985 and 2018 and that lakes in this area convert mercury into methylmercury at net rates five to seven times greater than rivers. These results suggest that synergistic increases in lake area and mercury loading associated with ASGM are substantially increasing exposure risk for people and wildlife. Similarly, marked increases in lake area in other ASGM hot spots suggest that “hydroscape” (hydrological landscape) alteration is an important and previously unrecognized component of mercury risk from ASGM.

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