The Impact of the Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC on Chinese Law and the Consequential Reforms to Fight Climate Change

2016 ◽  
pp. 242-260
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
The Impact

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI KANADA STUDI KASUS MUNDURNYA KANADA DARI PROTOKOL KYOTO TAHUN 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Saputra ◽  
Lelly Andriasanti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Emissions

ABSTRACTThe withdrawal Canada from Kyoto Protocol on 2011 was one of Canada's foreign policy in dealing with environmental problems like climate change. This research aims to determine the impact of these policies for global environment, factors that affect this policy, and policy formulation.The result of this research indicate that impact of Canada’s withdrawal for global environment like increasing global emissions and threatened the existence of the Kyoto Protocol. After that, the factors that affect Canada to withdraw was the economic competition with NAFTA countries, Kyoto’s system, Canada’s geographic and nature conditions, Canada’s economic condition, Canada’s political process; and the failure of Canada to realize Protocol Kyoto’s target. At the last, Canada’s foreign policy formulation was done in four steps. Those are, identify national interest, identify options, consideration of each option, and choose policy option that best serves national interest.Key Words: Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Canada’s Foreign Policy ABSTRAKMundurnya Kanada dari Protokol Kyoto di tahun 2011 adalah salah satu bentuk kebijakan luar negeri Kanada dalam menangani masalah lingkungan seperti perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan ini bagi lingkungan global, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebijakan tersebut, dan bagaimana kebijakan tersebut dirumuskan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak penarikan Kanada bagi lingkungan global seperti peningkatan emisi global dan terancamnya eksistensi Protokol Kyoto. Setelah itu, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Kanada untuk mundur antara lain seperti persaingan ekonomi dengan negara-negara anggota NAFTA, sistem dalam Protokol Kyoto, kondisi geografis, kondisi perekonomian, proses politik; dan kegagalan Kanada untuk mencapai target Protokol Kyoto. Terakhir, perumusan kebijakan luar negeri Kanada dilakukan dalam empat langkah. Langkah tersebut antara lain mengidentifikasi kepentingan nasional, mengidentifikasi opsi-opsi yang tersedia, pertimbangan masing-masing opsi, dan memilih opsi kebijakan yang terbaik sesuai kepentingan nasional.Kata kunci: Perubahan Iklim, Protokol Kyoto, Kebijakan Luar Negeri Kanada

Bringing Local Voices to the Global Negotiation Table: Norm Dissemination and Consensus Building on Tropical Forests and Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInitially rejected by the parties to the Kyoto Protocol, efforts to protect tropical forests are now an accepted strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change. Inspired by long-standing demands of Amazonia’s forests peoples, the notion of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has been embraced in global arenas. What accounts for this shift in perceptions about the relation between forests and climate change? Answers lie in the efforts of a transnational advocacy network (TAN) at norm dissemination and consensus-building within Brazil and in the Kyoto Protocol. This study highlights the importance of domestic activism unfolding in democratizing societies to enhance the influence of transnational advocacy networks in norm dissemination and consensus building in global arenas. It enlarges the explanatory power of normative approaches by documenting a case in which the idea and set of values being globally propagated do not emanate from a Western liberal tradition.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING IN COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Alexander Danilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Every aspect of human operations faces a wide range of risks, some of which can cause serious consequences. By the start of 21st century, mankind has recognized a new class of risks posed by climate change. It is obvious, that the global climate is changing, and will continue to change, in ways that affect the planning and day to day operations of businesses, government agencies and other organizations and institutions. The manifestations of climate change include but not limited to rising sea levels, increasing temperature, flooding, melting polar sea ice, adverse weather events (e.g. heatwaves, drought, and storms) and a rise in related problems (e.g. health and environmental). Assessing and managing climate risks represent one of the most challenging issues of today and for the future. The purpose of the risk modeling system discussed in this paper is to provide a framework and methodology to quantify risks caused by climate change, to facilitate estimates of the impact of climate change on various spheres of human activities and to compare eventual adaptation and risk mitigation strategies. The system integrates both physical climate system and economic models together with knowledge-based subsystem, which can help support proactive risk management. System structure and its main components are considered. Special attention is paid to climate risk assessment, management and hedging in the Arctic coastal areas.

Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

The impact of climate change on birds: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Weiwei ◽  
Xu Haigen ◽  
Wu Jun ◽  
Cao Mingchang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact
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