Indigenous Peoples, Customary Law and Human Rights - Why Living Law Matters

Author(s):  
Brendan Tobin
Author(s):  
Enyinna Sodienye Nwauche

This paper explores the protection of expressions of folklore within the right to culture in Africa by considering three issues, which are the increased understanding of the right to culture in national constitutions and the recognition that customary law is a manifestation of the right to culture; an expanded understanding of the substantive content of the article 15(1) of the International Covenant for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as part of the right to culture; and the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples marked significantly by the 2007 United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous People. The paper demonstrates how a human rights regime may assist in overcoming some of the deficiencies in the national protection of expressions of folklore in Africa.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luhulima ◽  
Fricean Tutuarima ◽  
Aisa Abas

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan eksitensi hukum cambuk (mihita la ua uatto) dalam masyarakat adat Iha-Ulupia dikaji dalam prespektif Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan hukum cambuk dan pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap pelaksanaan hukum cambuk. Teknik pengambilan data primer dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi terhadap sejumlah informan yang dianggap terlibat secara langsung dalam proses pelaksanaan hukum cambuk (mihitta la ua uatto). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa eksitensi hukum cambuk (mihita la ua uatto) dalam masyarakat adat Iha-Ulupia di kaji dalam prespektif Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di negeri Iha-Ulupia Kecamatan Huamual, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat terlaksana dengan baik. Hukum cabuk yang diterapkan di negeri Iha-Ulupia masih bersumber pada salah satu sumber hukum yang masih berlaku di Indonesia yaitu hukum adat, hukum cambuk yang diterapkan di negeri iha-ulupia secara substansi tidak melanggar hukum positif dalam hal ini UU HAM karena memiliki landasan pada pasal 18 b ayat (2) UUD 1945.   This study aims to describe the existence of the Caning Law (Mihia La Ua Uatto) in the Iha-Ulupia Indigenous Peoples Study in the Perspective of Human Rights (HAM). Asai Man against the implementation of the caning law. The primary data collection technique was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of a number of informants who were considered to be directly involved in the process of implementing the caning law (mihitta la ua uatto). The results of this study indicate that the existence of the law of whips (Mihita La Ua Uatto) in the Tha Ulupia Indigenous Peoples is studied in the perspective of human rights (HAM) in Iha-Ulupia Country, Huamual District, West Seram Regency. Iha-ulupia country is still based on one of the legal sources that are still valid in Indonesia, namely customary law, the caning law applied in Iha-ulupia country substantially does not violate positive law in this case the Human Rights Law because it has a basis in article 18 b paragraph (2) 1945 Constitution.


Solusi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Wicaksono Putra Hariyadi

Forest damage due to illegal logging and logging is known as illegal logging. Legal protection of the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples to the negative impacts of illegal logging based on the concept of national law and customary law can be done by protecting the interests of indigenous peoples, particularly through legislation, namely Article 67 Article (1) (2) and (3) of the Law Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. The need for legal protection for indigenous peoples is vulnerable to violations or neglect of their human rights. The state has the responsibility to promote, protect and uphold human rights against its citizens.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Abu Thalib Khalik

Local wisdom of Indigenous Peoples Migou Pa ‘Tulangbawang Lampung, contains a few anomalies. First, a person who violates customary law will be sanctioned in accordance with the level of the rank of cultures. If he is on the level of indigenous higher, the sanctions given to him will be doubled from legal sanctions must be received by people of customary middle class. In accordance, if he comes from the lowest class, he will get legal sanctions only half of the second level. Second, the natures of anomalies were found on the punishment for adultery to be discharged into the jungle. As adultery is considered an act of animal, the adultery are to be gathered with the animals in the forest. Nowadays, this kind of action could be considered not humane or could also be considered a violation of Human Rights (HAM). All this, according to the author, is intended that people of high rank could be more cautious, more aware of, and even obeying the law. In addition, according to the author, the fact that adultery should be thrown into the jungle is intended to provide a deterrent effect. Third, in the case of violation of the law which should eventually be fined, all members of his clique will be liable to pay a fine. It is intended that the family relatives of the click constantly remind each other that the violation of the law could be fatal. Kearifan lokal Adat Masyarakat Migou Pa’ Tulangbawang Lampung, mengandung beberapa hal anomaly yakni, pertama seseorang yang melakukan pelanggaran hukum adat akan dikenai sanksi sesuai dengan level pangkat adatnya, jika sesorang itu dari level adat yang tinggi maka sanksi hukuman yang diberikan kepadanya akan dua kali lipat dari sanksi hukum yang harus diterima oleh orang yang pangkat adatnya klas  menengah, sebaliknya jika sipelaku itu berasal dari kelas terendah maka sanksi hukumnya hanya separuh dari sanksi hukum orang level kedua. Kedua sifat anomaly itu terdapat pada hukuman bagi pelaku zina yang harus dibuang ke rimba, hanya karena perbuatan zina itu telah dianggap sebagai perbuatan binatang, maka para pelaku zina itu harus dikumpulkan dengan hewan–hewan di hutan, untuk zaman sekarang tindakan semacam ini bisa dianggap tidak manusiawi atau juga bisa dianggap pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Semua ini menurut penulis dimaksudkan agar orang–orang berpangkat tinggi itu bisa lebih hati–hati, lebih sadar bahkan taat hukum, kemudian pelaku zina harus dibuang ke rimba raya menurut penulis hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memberi efek jera. Ketiga jika terjadi pelanggaran hukum yang akhirnya harus dikenai sanksi denda maka segenap anggota kliknya yang menanggung kewajiban membayar denda itu, dimaksudkan agar sanak family yang satu klik itu senantiasa saling mengingatkan bahwa pelanggaran hukum itu bisa berakibat fatal.


Author(s):  
Chuma Himonga

This special edition comprises a selection of contributions delivered at a conference hosted by the Chair in Customary Law, Indigenous Values and Human Rights at the University of Cape Town in collaboration with its research partner, the Research Chair on Legal Diversity and Indigenous Peoples at the University of Ottawa, on "The Recording of Customary Law in South Africa, Canada and New Caledonia" in May 2018.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Abu Thalib Khalik

Local wisdom of Indigenous Peoples Migou Pa ‘Tulangbawang Lampung, contains a few anomalies. First, a person who violates customary law will be sanctioned in accordance with the level of the rank of cultures. If he is on the level of indigenous higher, the sanctions given to him will be doubled from legal sanctions must be received by people of customary middle class. In accordance, if he comes from the lowest class, he will get legal sanctions only half of the second level. Second, the natures of anomalies were found on the punishment for adultery to be discharged into the jungle. As adultery is considered an act of animal, the adultery are to be gathered with the animals in the forest. Nowadays, this kind of action could be considered not humane or could also be considered a violation of Human Rights (HAM). All this, according to the author, is intended that people of high rank could be more cautious, more aware of, and even obeying the law. In addition, according to the author, the fact that adultery should be thrown into the jungle is intended to provide a deterrent effect. Third, in the case of violation of the law which should eventually be fined, all members of his clique will be liable to pay a fine. It is intended that the family relatives of the click constantly remind each other that the violation of the law could be fatal. Kearifan lokal Adat Masyarakat Migou Pa’ Tulangbawang Lampung, mengandung beberapa hal anomaly yakni, pertama seseorang yang melakukan pelanggaran hukum adat akan dikenai sanksi sesuai dengan level pangkat adatnya, jika sesorang itu dari level adat yang tinggi maka sanksi hukuman yang diberikan kepadanya akan dua kali lipat dari sanksi hukum yang harus diterima oleh orang yang pangkat adatnya klas  menengah, sebaliknya jika sipelaku itu berasal dari kelas terendah maka sanksi hukumnya hanya separuh dari sanksi hukum orang level kedua. Kedua sifat anomaly itu terdapat pada hukuman bagi pelaku zina yang harus dibuang ke rimba, hanya karena perbuatan zina itu telah dianggap sebagai perbuatan binatang, maka para pelaku zina itu harus dikumpulkan dengan hewan–hewan di hutan, untuk zaman sekarang tindakan semacam ini bisa dianggap tidak manusiawi atau juga bisa dianggap pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Semua ini menurut penulis dimaksudkan agar orang–orang berpangkat tinggi itu bisa lebih hati–hati, lebih sadar bahkan taat hukum, kemudian pelaku zina harus dibuang ke rimba raya menurut penulis hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memberi efek jera. Ketiga jika terjadi pelanggaran hukum yang akhirnya harus dikenai sanksi denda maka segenap anggota kliknya yang menanggung kewajiban membayar denda itu, dimaksudkan agar sanak family yang satu klik itu senantiasa saling mengingatkan bahwa pelanggaran hukum itu bisa berakibat fatal.


2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
William A. Schabas

Evidence for the existence of customary law is compiled, using the rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a template. The pattern of treaty ratification is examined along with materials from the Universal Periodic Review, especially concerning States that are not parties to relevant treaties. The list is supplemented with rights omitted from the Declaration, such as the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples, as well as with so-called peoples’ rights, to development, peace, and self-determination. Particular attention is directed to the customary nature of economic, social, and cultural rights.


1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  

AbstractDiscussions are underway for a new Nordic Sami convention. A number of human rights issues of both substance and form need to be considered in the course of preparations for such a treaty. On substantive issues, a new convention must not fall below existing minimum human rights standards under international law, including ILO Convention No. 169 and other indigenous and minority-specific rights in treaties, customary law and case-law. Access to procedural and other monitoring avenues at the national and international levels must also be guaranteed. Furthermore, it is suggested that the Sami should be a party/parties to an eventual convention because their participation is closely related to equal rights, dignity, identity and the justice to which indigenous peoples aspire.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chairul Basrun Umanailo

In principle, forest and forestry management is a management process for all components of the ecosystem, including humans. Utilization of forests to facilitate economic growth has eliminated the interests of customary forest communities, the rights of indigenous peoples have clearly been protected as human rights, as stated in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning the basic provisions of human rights. The people of Buru District, Grandeng Village, have an area of forest area for other uses of around 600 hectares which can be used for the benefit of local communities, but there are often problems between the Transmigration Community and Indigenous People who have unresolved ownership of land areas under customary law, as well as the involvement of the local government Buru Regency in providing solutions to problem solving, the method used is descriptive qualitative interview instruments and a review of legal documents related to the research theme. The results that can be conveyed are the utilization of Customary forest products and their management by the community in Lolongguba sub-district, often in coordination with Hinolong Baman or the Head of Soa, which means that legally the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision, No.35 / PUU?X / 2012 concerning the Existence of Community Customary Forests has been implemented in the community, however the institutionality of the Waeapo Plains Indigenous Peoples has not been maximized, both in the implementation of customary law norms, as a result of factors, human resources, economy, social and customary institutions themselves. Based on legal research, it is necessary to formulate a legal umbrella both Government Regulations and Regional Regulations relating to ownership of forests and forest products.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Sandy Kurnia Christmas ◽  
Ichsan Muhajir ◽  
Imam Wicaksono

Weak implementation of the recognition and respect for Indigenous Peoples of Iban Semunying be problems related to their discriminatory practices in running a government policy. Why is the implementation of the recognition and respect for the Indigenous People of  Dayak Iban Semunying still weak and how the principles of human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals are the two issues raised in this article. In this study it aims to find out what are the things that form the basis of the weak protection of indigenous peoples. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples with a perspective of sustainable development goals.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document