A Critical Structuralist Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-72
Author(s):  
Peter Booth
Keyword(s):  
Structuralist Framework

scholarly journals Masculinity or Femininity: Questioning Social Gender of Personal Nouns

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Sex Stereotypes ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
And Shifts

Since essentialism and binarism of gender is challenged in gender studies, poststructuralists argue for a more deconstructive perspective of gender. Through a survey on social gender of thirty lexically female and male Chinese personal nouns, this research tends to examine: 1) how lexically female and male personal nouns are socially gendered in language use, 2) how such social gendering affects sex stereotyping. Combining a langue-oriented and structuralist framework with a parole-oriented and poststructuralist perspective, the author shows that diversified language use encourages coining of new lexical forms. Along with this process transitions and shifts happen to traditional sex stereotypes. This research encourages more similar research with combined structuralist and poststructuralist approaches on the interrelationship between gender and language. (Personal nouns, social gender, sex stereotypes, gender representation)

Christian Metz

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Lacanian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Secondary Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Christian Metz

The film theory of Christian Metz (b. 1931–d. 1993) forms part of the structuralist revolution of ideas that challenged the phenomenology prevalent in France in the 1950s. Metz developed a structuralist (or its derivative, semiological) theory of film in the 1960s and inaugurated a groundbreaking theory and method of analysis that transformed film into a semiological object, in which film’s specificity was no longer perceived in terms of surface sensory properties or a conscious aesthetic experience. Instead, Metz reconceived filmic specificity, this most sensory of objects, as a type of signification—as the manifestation of a more fundamental, nonobservable, underlying finite abstract system of codes. To conceive film as signification involves a shift in perspective, from the study of film as a consciously experienced, continuous sensory object to the study of the abstract underlying system of discrete (or discontinuous) codes that generates and organizes those experiences. In terms of the history of ideas, semiology parallels the epistemology of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, who argued that an underlying transcendental system of conceptual categories in the mind structures and makes possible human experience. Semiology’s innovation was to replace this underlying transcendental system with a historically and culturally contingent system of underlying codes. In the 1970s Metz addressed the limitations of structuralism and semiology by adopting a post-structuralist framework premised on theories of enunciation, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and phenomenology. For Metz, enunciation (which emphasizes signs of the speaker and receiver in a text) and psychoanalysis (which emphasizes traces of the unconscious in a text) enabled him to rethink his study of codes as secondary systems of signification, which are underpinned and driven by more-fundamental primary processes of signification (unconscious drives, fantasy, and dream logic). In his final work in the early 1990s, Metz developed a theory of filmic enunciation focused on the impersonal traces of a film’s production; that is, enunciative markers that are reflexive, that refer back only to the film itself.

The deadly couch: physical (in)activity in middle-aged women in Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sabine Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Structuralist Framework

Abstract Global awareness about an increase of chronic diseases and premature mortality due to ‘unhealthy eating’ and ‘sedentary lifestyles’ is embedded in various discourses shaped by relationships and power. In this article, I investigate the role of physical activity in the lives of middle-aged women in Australia and how their experiences with exercise influence the way they position themselves within the context of inter-discursivity regarding fitness and ‘healthy ageing’. Results reveal how ‘knowledge’ about ‘healthy lifestyles’ is created and accessed, and how women make sense of the healthism discourse, the obesity crisis, and discourses around menopause and ageing. The participants for this study are nine women in their forties to sixties who volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews after completing an online survey about physical activity that was part of a larger project. Their accounts of health and fitness, healthy eating, weight management, mental wellbeing and ageing are categorised and interpreted in a post-structuralist framework through the lens of feminist relational discourse analysis. Results show that all women are influenced by healthism discourses as well as being affected by assumptions and recommendations for ageing, menopausal women. They shape female identity by adopting, but also by resisting, discourses around their bodies and minds.

The Theoretical Landscape and the Methodological Development of Archaeology in Latin America

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The North ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
Vertebrate Taphonomy

AbstractLatin American archaeology has been influenced by the world theoretical context, from which it has developed original approaches. Currently, a culture-history conceptual foundation still predominates in the region, with some modern variants that have emphasized environmental aspects and approached specific problems. Processual archaeology, especially the North American varieties, remains minor in the region despite many Latin American archaeologists’ belief that their work falls within this camp. Post-processual trends are even less well represented, although a growing number of researchers focus in an eclectic fashion on subject matter that corresponds to the post-processual agenda (e.g., identity, multivocality, etc.). Researchers in certain areas within the region are producing original research linked to political economy and its relation to ideology, and others are focusing on symbolic and cognitive aspects (in some cases within a structuralist framework). In Latin America several interesting methodological developments are emerging, among which ethnoarchaeology and vertebrate taphonomy stand out. In recent years historical archaeology has been one of the disciplines that has grown the most and achieved the greatest popularity. Despite the still-limited nature of Latin American archaeology’s contributions in the field of theory and methodology, there is nonetheless sustained growth in this direction, fundamentally in the generation of models for the interpretation of regional processes. However, these contributions are not visible at the level of international debate and are generally ignored by archaeologists from the central countries. The multiple causes of this phenomenon are analyzed.

scholarly journals Gendered Make-up

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy Blaise Ochsner
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
Kindergarten Classroom ◽  
Gender Discourses

This article summarizes a recently completed study of gender in an urban kindergarten classroom in the USA. Using a feminist post-structuralist framework to analyze gender, this qualitative study examined how 5 and 6 year-old students socially constructed themselves as gendered beings through the heterosexual matrix. By documenting and analyzing students' talk, actions, drawings, and writings, this investigation explored how students regulated the gendered social order of the classroom through their understandings of gender norms and ideals. Using critical discourse analysis, six gender discourses emerged, uncovering the heterosexual matrix. One of those gender discourses, labeled ‘make-up,’ is briefly discussed.

Gender Differences in Mathematics: A Discourse Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Model C

Perspectives dealing with the study of gender and mathematics have failed generally to move beyond the individual/society divide. The contradictory nature of subjectivity and the operation and interpenetration of power and knowledge have not been taken into account. This article is based on the post-structuralist framework. The work of Walkerdine, which highlights the processes within the classroom which allow girls to succeed in mathematics but never actually be successful, is of interest. The methodology used is that of discourse analysis which makes clear both the positionings available to the participants as well as the power relations formed. The sample was drawn from a top-achieving Std 8 Higher Grade class in an affluent Model C school. This represents a theoretically salient sample as the literature points to ‘gender differences’ being most pronounced in the upper levels of mathematics education. The analysis clearly highlights the double-bind within which girls find themselves in the mathematics classroom. The apparent equality of opportunity and non-sexism is counteracted by the positioning of girls as hard working but without natural flair in mathematics. The characteristics that make it possible to achieve in mathematics are ascribed to males. The resistance to this powerful ‘disciplinary technology’ is the invoking of the feminist discourse.

The Theoretical Landscape and the Methodological Development of Archaeology in Latin America

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The North ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
Vertebrate Taphonomy

Latin American archaeology has been influenced by the world theoretical context, from which it has developed original approaches. Currently, a culture-history conceptual foundation still predominates in the region, with some modern variants that have emphasized environmental aspects and approached specific problems. Processual archaeology, especially the North American varieties, remains minor in the region despite many Latin American archaeologists' belief that their work falls within this camp. Post-processual trends are even less well represented, although a growing number of researchers focus in an eclectic fashion on subject matter that corresponds to the post-processual agenda (e.g., identity, multivocality, etc.). Researchers in certain areas within the region are producing original research linked to political economy and its relation to ideology, and others are focusing on symbolic and cognitive aspects (in some cases within a structuralist framework). In Latin America several interesting methodological developments are emerging, among which ethnoarchaeology and vertebrate taphonomy stand out. In recent years historical archaeology has been one of the disciplines that has grown the most and achieved the greatest popularity. Despite the still-limited nature of Latin American archaeology's contributions in the field of theory and methodology, there is nonetheless sustained growth in this direction, fundamentally in the generation of models for the interpretation of regional processes. However, these contributions are not visible at the level of international debate and are generally ignored by archaeologists from the central countries. The multiple causes of this phenomenon are analyzed.

scholarly journals Taming conceptual wanderings: Wilson-Structuralism

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo De Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Conceptual Behavior ◽  
Structuralist Framework

AbstractMark Wilson presents a highly original account of conceptual behavior that challenges many received views about concepts in analytic philosophy. Few attempts have been made to rationally reconstruct Wilson’s framework of patches and facades within a precise semantic framework. I will show how a modified version of the structuralist framework offers a semantic reconstruction of scientific theories capable of modeling Wilson’s ideas about conceptual behavior. Specifically, I will argue that Theory-Elements and a modified version of Theory-Nets explicate respectively Wilson’s patches and facades. I will also demonstrate how several wandering phenomena described by Wilson can be adequately reconstructed within my framework.

scholarly journals Writing intellectual disability: glimpses into precarious processes or re/making a cultural phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Subject Category ◽  
Structuralist Framework ◽  
Cultural Location

We make each other mean through precarious processes of engagement. This dissertation posits intellectual disability as a modernist subject category characterized by un-belonging and a presumed lack of normative expression. The author takes a hesitant, interpretive, and phenomenological approach to confronting the question of what it means to re/make intellectual disability as presence and process rather than as problem. The researcher engages with intellectual disability by introducing expressive writing as method under a feminist post structuralist framework of exploratory, relational ethics. In doing so, this project introduces the concepts of wonderment and triple-labelling to the fields of cultural studies and critical disability studies. This work advocates for a reorientation toward meaning-making and research-based engagement with intellectual disability as cultural, contextual, and relational phenomenon that remains unsettled as it situates researchers at a perceived limit of knowledge. This dissertation privileges process over resolution. The writing launches from an affect-laden epistemology of wonderment, and thus struggles to resolve its own ethical and methodological uncertainty as it attempts to center intellectual disability without (completely)privileging normative ways of un/knowing. This approach allows that the body is implicated in uncertain discursive processes that re-construct and circulate meanings about the body, the self,and the Other. Then, relying on Foucault’s conceptions of power and knowledge and Snyder and Mitchell's cultural location of disability framework, the study describes Western cultural memory: processes of mind/body splitting and subject-category building traceable through esoteric pre-modernity, eugenic modernity, and the post-identity politics of Davis’s dismodernity. A discussion of research ethics follows, which challenges rational methodological conceptions of intellectual disability that rely on preconceived notions of vulnerability. Before describing expressive writing as a primary research method, the author also makes a case for engaging with triple-labeled people (those labeled disabled, vulnerable, and incompetent) by writing in-relation-to, privileging silence and absence over “giving voice,” engaging in unfamiliarity and untranslatability, and attending to “the space between” the self and the Other.This writing uses reflexive vignettes and critical analysis to lead readers toward the researcher’s final phenomenological reflections on experiences with triple-labeled people writing in a Toronto day program.

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