Body weight, diet and reproduction of rats and mice in the forest zones of south-western Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity parameters of the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ on white rats and mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
O. L. Orobchenko ◽  
M. Ye. Romanko ◽  
M. O. Yaroshenko ◽  
I. O. Gerilovych ◽  
N. A. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

The experiments were performed on 58 males of nonlinear white rats 3–4 months old and weighing 180–200 g and 64 females of nonlinear white mice 2.5–3 months old and weighing 18–22 g. In the main experiment on rats, six experimental groups were formed, the animals of which were injected intragastrically with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ (by absolute weight) in doses of 1,000.0, 2,000.0, 3,000.0, 4,000.0, 5,000.0, and 6,000.0 mg/kg body weight; in the main experiment on mice, seven experimental groups were formed, the animals of which were administered the drug in doses of 100.0, 500.0, 1,000.0, 1,500.0, 2,000.0, 2,500.0, and 3,000.0 mg/kg body weight. Control rats and mice were injected with 2.0 cm3 and 0.2 cm3 of polyethylene glycol-400, respectively. Clinical symptoms of poisoning with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ of white rats (at doses of 2,000.0–6,000.0 mg/kg body weight) and mice (at doses of 1,000.0–3,000.0 mg/kg body weight) were refusals of food and water, loss of coordination, sitting in one place, a dose-dependent increase in depression with subsequent complete depression, lack of response to external stimuli and death on the first or fourth day after administration. During autopsy in rats and mice that died as a result of poisoning with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’, we recorded pallor of the mucous membranes of the mouth, trachea, pharynx, and esophagus; increase in heart volume, atrial blood supply; pulmonary hyperemia; uncoagulated blood; increase in liver volume, dark cherry color, flabby consistency; catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. According to the results of determining the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ in the case of a single intragastric injection, LD50 for male rats is 3,384.98 ± 444.94 mg/kg, and for female mice — 2,025.88 ± 279.46 mg/kg body weight, which allows to classify it to class IV by the toxicity — low-toxic substances (LD50 — 501–5,000 mg/kg) and by the degree of danger to class III— moderately dangerous substances (LD50 — 151–5,000 mg/kg)

scholarly journals A novel method optimizing the normalization of cardiac parameters in small animal models: the importance of dimensional indexing

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. H1552-H1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quint A. J. Hagdorn ◽  
Guido P. L. Bossers ◽  
Anne-Marie C. Koop ◽  
Arnold Piek ◽  
Tim R. Eijgenraam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Tibia Length

For indexing cardiac measures in small animal models, tibia length (TL) is a recommended surrogate for body weight (BW) that aims to avoid biases because of disease-induced BW changes. However, we question if indexing by TL is mathematically correct. This study aimed to investigate the relation between TL and BW, heart weight, ventricular weights, and left ventricular diameter to optimize the current common practice of indexing cardiac parameters in small animal models. In 29 healthy Wistar rats (age 5–34 wk) and 116 healthy Black 6 mice (age 3–17 wk), BW appeared to scale nonlinearly to TL1 but linearly to TL3. Formulas for indexing cardiac weights were derived. To illustrate the effects of indexing, cardiac weights between the 50% with highest BW and the 50% with lowest BW were compared. The nonindexed cardiac weights differed significantly between groups, as could be expected ( P < 0.001). However, after indexing by TL1, indexed cardiac weights remained significantly different between groups ( P < 0.001). With the derived formulas for indexing, indexed cardiac weights were similar between groups. In healthy rats and mice, BW and heart weights scale linearly to TL3. This indicates that not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept in which cardiac parameters should not all be indexed to the same measure but one-dimensional measures to BW1/3 or TL1, two-dimensional measures to BW2/3 or TL2, and three-dimensional measures to BW or TL3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy rats and mice, body weight (BW) scales linearly to tibia length (TL) to the power of three (TL3). This indicates that for indexing cardiac parameters, not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept of dimensionally consistent indexing. This concept is proposed to be widely applied in small animal experiments.

scholarly journals Body weight homeostat that regulates fat mass independently of leptin in rats and mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Olov Jansson ◽  
Vilborg Palsdottir ◽  
Daniel A. Hägg ◽  
Erik Schéle ◽  
Suzanne L. Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Strain ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rats And Mice

Subjects spending much time sitting have increased risk of obesity but the mechanism for the antiobesity effect of standing is unknown. We hypothesized that there is a homeostatic regulation of body weight. We demonstrate that increased loading of rodents, achieved using capsules with different weights implanted in the abdomen or s.c. on the back, reversibly decreases the biological body weight via reduced food intake. Importantly, loading relieves diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. The identified homeostat for body weight regulates body fat mass independently of fat-derived leptin, revealing two independent negative feedback systems for fat mass regulation. It is known that osteocytes can sense changes in bone strain. In this study, the body weight-reducing effect of increased loading was lost in mice depleted of osteocytes. We propose that increased body weight activates a sensor dependent on osteocytes of the weight-bearing bones. This induces an afferent signal, which reduces body weight. These findings demonstrate a leptin-independent body weight homeostat (“gravitostat”) that regulates fat mass.

scholarly journals Metabolism of maltitol by conventional rats and mice and germ-free mice, and comparative digestibility between maltitol and sorbitol in germ-free mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Würsch ◽  
B. Koellreutter ◽  
F. Gétaz ◽  
M. J. Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Slow Decrease ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Slow Absorption

The metabolism of maltitol (4-α-D-glucosylsorbitol) was assessed in fasting conventional (C) rats, C mice and germ-free (GF) mice, using [U-14C]maltitol. The radiorespirometric patterns of14CO2collected for 48 h after the administration of labelled maltitol were characterized by a constant rate of14CO2production lasting 4 h for both C rats and mice. The pattern for the GF mice showed a peak at the second hour followed immediately by a slow decrease. The percentage recovery of14CO2was significantly lower for the GF mice (59%) compared with C animals (72–74%). Urine, faeces and intestinal contents after 48 h totalled 19% of the administered radioactivity in the C rats and mice and 39% in the GF mice. The digestibility of maltitol and the absorption of sorbitol in GF mice was also assessed. The caecum and small intestine of GF mice, 3 h after administration of equimolar quantities of maltitol (140 mg/kg body-weight) or sorbitol (70 mg/kg body-weight), contained 39 and 51 % of the ingested dose respectively, present mostly in the caecum as sorbitol. The α-glucosidase (maltase) (EC3.2.1.20) activity of the small intestine was appreciably higher (1·5–1·7 times) in the GF mice than in the C mice. These results suggest that the enzymic activities in the small intestine of mice and rats are sufficient to hydrolyse maltitol extensively. Consequently, the slow absorption of sorbitol seems to be an important factor limiting the overall assimilation of maltitol in the small intestine.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Brain Ontogeny: Marsupials, Humans and Other Eutherians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
Arthur Saniotis ◽  
Agata Cieslik ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Rats And Mice

Abstract The human brain is commonly considered unique in its growth pattern, especially in its fast growth in early infancy. Consequently, many researchers were encouraged to find peculiarities in the human brain and development which differentiated it from the brains of other animals. In this paper, we argue that the pattern of human brain growth is not different from that of other mammals, both marsupials and eutherians. Thus, our study, challenges the notion of the uniqueness of the human brain and its development indicating that specifically human mental abilities are not a result of brain morphology or size. In order to test our hypothesis we studied the ontogeny of brain weight relative to body weight using pouch young sample of 43 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), 28 possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and 36 tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) preserved in a solution of 10 % buffered formalin. We also analysed the growth of brain vs. body size in all eutherian species falling into this group (humans, rhesus monkeys, dogs, cats, rats and mice).

Cholecystokinin and leptin act synergistically to reduce body weight

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R882-R890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire A. Matson ◽  
Dana F. Reid ◽  
Todd A. Cannon ◽  
Robert C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Obese Gene ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Peripheral Action

Leptin, the product of the obese gene, reduces food intake and body weight in rats and mice, whereas administration of the gut-peptide CCK reduces meal size but not body weight. In the current experiments, we report that repeated daily combination of intracerebroventricular leptin and intraperitoneal CCK results in significantly greater loss of body weight than does leptin alone. However, leptin plus CCK treatment does not synergistically reduce the size of individual 30-min sucrose meals during this period, and the effect of leptin-CCK combination on daily chow intake, while significant, is small compared with the robust effects on body weight loss. This synergistic effect on body weight loss depends on a peripheral action of CCK and a central action of leptin. These data suggest a previously unsuspected role for CCK in body weight regulation that may not depend entirely on reduction of feeding behavior and suggest a strategy for enhancing the effects of leptin in leptin-resistant obese individuals.

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