Dietary Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ameliorates Transepidermal Water Loss in Hos:HR-1 Mice and Humans: Gene Expression Analysis in HR-1 Mice

Owing to the difficulty in obtaining mammary gland tissue from lactating animals, it is difficult to test the expression levels of genes in mammary gland. The aim of the current study was to identify if milk fat globule (MFG) in buffalo milk was an alternative to mammary gland (MG) and milk somatic cell (MSC) for gene expression analysis. Six buffalos in late lactation were selected to collect MFG and MSC, and then MG was obtained by surgery. MFG was stained with acridine orange to successfully visualise RNA and several cytoplasmic crescents in MFG. The total RNA in MFG was successfully isolated and the integrity was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. We analysed the cellular components in MFG, MG and MSC through testing the expression of cell-specific genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that adipocyte-specific gene (AdipoQ) and leucocyte-specific genes (CD43, CSF1 and IL1α) in MFG were not detected, whereas epithelial cell marker genes (Keratin 8 and Keratin 18) in MFG were higher than in MSC and lower than in MG, fibroblast marker gene (vimentin) in MFG was significantly lower than in MG and MSC, milk protein genes (LALBA, BLG and CSN2) and milk fat synthesis-related genes (ACC, BTN1A1, FABP3 and FAS) in MFG were higher than in MG and MSC. In conclusion, the total RNA in MFG mainly derives from mammary epithelial cells and can be used to study the functional gene expression of mammary epithelial cells.

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Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane on Lymphocyte Gene Expression and Markers of Metabolism and Inflammation in the Postprandial Period

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.767.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Beals ◽

Elieke Demmer ◽

Nancy Rivera ◽

Tara S. Rogers ◽

Erik R. Gertz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Postprandial Period ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

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Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study1

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.115.107045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 20-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Fredrik Rosqvist ◽

Annika Smedman ◽

Helena Lindmark-Månsson ◽

Marie Paulsson ◽

Paul Petrus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Potential Role ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

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Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds

Dairy ◽

10.3390/dairy2020018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 202-217

Author(s):

Michele Manoni ◽

Donata Cattaneo ◽

Sharon Mazzoleni ◽

Carlotta Giromini ◽

Antonella Baldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Value Added ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Fat Globules ◽

Milk Fat Globules ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Value Added Products

Milk lipids are composed of milk fat globules (MFGs) surrounded by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM protects MFGs from coalescence and enzymatic degradation. The milk lipid fraction is a “natural solvent” for macronutrients such as phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol, and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. The research focused largely on the polar lipids of MFGM, given their wide bioactive properties. In this review we discussed (i) the composition of MFGM proteome and its variations among species and phases of lactation and (ii) the micronutrient content of human and cow’s milk lipid fraction. The major MFGM proteins are shared among species, but the molecular function and protein expression of MFGM proteins vary among species and phases of lactation. The main minerals in the milk lipid fraction are iron, zinc, copper and calcium, whereas the major vitamins are vitamin A, β-carotene, riboflavin and α-tocopherol. The update and the combination of this knowledge could lead to the exploitation of the MFGM proteome and the milk lipid fraction at nutritional, biological or technological levels. An example is the design of innovative and value-added products, such as MFGM-supplemented infant formulas.

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PROTEOME OF MILK FAT GLOBULE MEMBRANE AND MAMMARY GLAND TISSUE IN GOAT FED DIFFERENT LIPID SUPPLEMENTATION

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106378

Author(s):

Iolly Tábata Oliveira Marques ◽

Fábio Roger Vasconcelos ◽

Juliana Paula Martins Alves ◽

Assis Rubens Montenegro ◽

César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Mammary Gland Tissue ◽

Gland Tissue ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Lipid Supplementation ◽

Fat Globule

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Comparison of bovine milk fat globule membrane protein retention by different ultrafiltration membranes using a label-free proteomic approach

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111219 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111219

Author(s):

Mengqi Wang ◽

Chunjie Cao ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Hongbo Li ◽

Hongjuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Protein ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Label Free ◽

Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

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Effect of pasteurization on the enzymatic cross-linking of milk proteins by microbial transglutaminase in view of milk fat globule membrane isolation

Food Bioscience ◽

10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101100

Author(s):

Fatma Ali ◽

Zheng-Xiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Microbial Transglutaminase ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Membrane Isolation

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Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects ◽

10.1016/0304-4165(94)90101-5 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1199 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Naohito Aoki ◽

Hidenori Kuroda ◽

Miho Urabe ◽

Yoshimi Taniguchi ◽

Takahiro Adachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

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Chemical changes in bovine milk fat globule membrane caused by heat treatment and homogenization of whole milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990200571x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 555-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

SUNG JE LEE ◽

JOHN W. SHERBON

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Membrane Proteins ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Chemical Changes ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

The effects of heat treatment and homogenization of whole milk on chemical changes in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were investigated. Heating at 80 °C for 3–18 min caused an incorporation of whey proteins, especially β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), into MFGM, thus increasing the protein content of the membrane and decreasing the lipid. SDS-PAGE showed that membrane glycoproteins, such as PAS-6 and PAS-7, had disappeared or were weakly stained in the gel due to heating of the milk. Heating also decreased free sulphydryl (SH) groups in the MFGM and increased disulphide (SS) groups, suggesting that incorporation of β-lg might be due to association with membrane proteins via disulphide bonds. In contrast, homogenization caused an adsorption of caseins to the MFGM but no binding of whey proteins to the MFGM without heating. Binding of caseins and whey proteins and loss of membrane proteins were not significantly different between milk samples that were homogenized before and after heating. Viscosity of whole milk was increased when milk was treated with both homogenization and heating.

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