scholarly journals The Transformation of the Municipal Social Benefit System in Hungary in the Last Decade

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-559
Author(s):  
István Hoffman ◽  
Andrea Szatmári
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
New Model ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Decentralised System ◽  
Benefit System

The municipalities play a significant role in the field of  means-tested social benefits. Additional income benefits are primarily provided by local governments and these autonomous bodies have responsibility for several income replacement allowances. The Hungarian municipalities have strong social powers and duties, but their role is in a permanent transformation. The strongly decentralised system established in the early 1990s has been since centralised.  The result is a new model, a mixed system having evolved after 2015. The income replacement benefits have been centralised and the additional income allowances have become more decentralised. In this article, the impacts of this reform are analysed and it may be stated, that the aims of the legislators have only been partly fulfilled. The centralisation of the income replacement allowances has not significantly transformed the former accessibility, a satisfying accessibility was provided by the former, local-based model, as well. The decentralisation of the additional income benefits has widened the gap between the municipalities which have different resources. This gap is relatively significant related to the housing benefits.

Redistributive Nature of the Chinese Social Benefit System: Progressive or Regressive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Benefit System

AbstractUsing nationally representative household survey data and a revealing statistical method, this article investigates the redistributive nature of the Chinese social benefit system within urban and rural areas respectively and in the national context. Like many other dimensions of Chinese society, the redistributive nature of social benefits appeared to be a two-sided story: urban social benefits were much more generous and predominantly progressive, while rural social benefits were minimal and consistently regressive. The national social benefit system was redistributed regressively, but the extent of its regressivity decreased over time, suggesting an equity-oriented policy direction echoed by several recent government initiatives to support rural residents, migrants and the urban poor. The outcomes of these initiatives, especially their redistributive effects, require close observation and await evaluation.

scholarly journals Access to Public Housing for Outsiders

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-267
Author(s):  
E.D. Kusumawati ◽  
A.G. Hallo de Wolf ◽  
M.M.T.A. Brus
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
General Practices ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decentralised System

While the decentralised system adhered to by Indonesia has allowed the central government to delegate its affairs to local governments and has brought benefits for democracy, several issues are open for improvement. One of the areas allocated to local governments is housing and settlements. There are indications that in some cases the local governments fail to provide access to public housing for outsiders, who are also vulnerable to eviction and resettlement. This article discusses legal regulations and examples of housing policy at the national level. Moreover, it assesses general practices of four Indonesian local governments: Jakarta, Surabaya, Jogjakarta and Surakarta, concerning access to public housing for outsiders. The article investigates whether the four Indonesian local governments unintentionally facilitate indirect discrimination or legally limit the right to housing for the purpose of promoting the general welfare. The analysis is based on the prohibition of indirect discrimination related to the right to housing in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (icescr), General Comments and Concluding Observations.

‘Ideal-Problem-Solution’ (IPS) Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifirdaus Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
New Model ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
Ips Model ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Model Fits

Research article introductions (RAIs) play a significant role in gaining publication, and therefore have been studied by many applied linguists. Research into RAIs published in Indonesia has begun to be developed (Adnan, 2009; Mirahayuni, 2001; Safnil, 2000), and generally conclude that Indonesian Humanities RAIs were structured differently from English RAIs. However, as these are early studies, their findings still awaits scrutiny, and little information on Indonesian RAIs especially in Education has been published. Several models describing discourse structure of research article introductions have been proposed, but they have been problematic when applied to analyse RAIs. This paper reports an examination of the applicability of two important models, the CARS (Swales, 1990) and the PJP model claimed to be an Indonesian model of Humanities RAIs (Safnil, 2000), using a selection of 21 Indonesian research article Introductions (RAIs) written by Indonesian academics in Education. It concentrates on the following questions: To what extent do these models fit the data and why? The examination found that none of the RAIs fit the CARS, and only less than half fit the PJP model for various reasons. Therefore a new model is proposed. This model fits most of the data. The paper claims that apart from national concerns, discourse patterns of RAIs are also affected by writing guides provided by the discipline.

Social security and the crime rate in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Monika Mocianko-Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Police

The article describes changes in the crime rate in Poland in the years 2004–2018 in the context of social security. The number of administrative decisions on the basis of which social benefits were granted and changes in the amount of the paid benefits were considered. The aim of the paper is to establish the correlation between the number of beneficiaries of social benefits and the total amount of these benefits, and the crime rate in Poland. The data used in the study come from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland and comprise the number of people who were granted a social benefit and the amount of benefits paid from voivodship budgets. The study was also based on data from the National Police Headquarters relating to the number and category of committed crimes in particular voivodships. The results of the conducted research indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between the number of beneficiaries of social benefits and the crime rate. On the other hand, no correlation was detected between the amount of benefits paid from voivodship budgets and the crime rate. The analysis of the literature on the subject and the author’s own research results confirm that economic factors have an impact on the crime rate.

Community gardens in post-socialist Hungary: Differences and similarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Csaba Bende ◽  
Gyula Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Usa

Interest of scholars in community gardens has skyrocketed recently. However, little is known about how community gardens are adopted in post-socialist countries and what modifications took place. The present article aims to identify spatial differences and management practices of gardens organized in Hungary from a critical geography perspective. The paper presents the findings of a nationwide research based on online research and interviewing including 44 community gardens. Results show that in contrast to the gardens in the USA, these located in Hungary are organized on the peripheries (of cities) and local governments play a significant role in organizing and managing them.

Towards Inclusive Social Citizenship? Rethinking China's Social Security in the Trend towards Urban–Rural Harmonisation

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIH-JIUNN SHI
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Local Resident ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Urban Rural

AbstractUrban–rural harmonisation has risen to prominence in recent social security reform in China. This article offers an account of the changing welfare institutions and social citizenship configurations unfolded by this particular policy approach. As social activism gained substantial weight as part of the regional developmental strategies of local governments, harmonisation efforts have led to a boundary shift of social citizenship largely defined by the within–without criterion rather than the urban–rural divide. In places where urban–rural harmonisation takes hold, the pivotal criterion for claiming social benefits is the possession of local resident status, regardless of whether this status is urban or rural. The heterogeneity of regional social security developments resulting from social decentralisation also calls attention to the ‘variable geometry’ of institutional change, i.e. various social policy domains manifest diverse degrees of institutional dynamics towards harmonisation. In this light, urban–rural harmonisation is likely to trigger competitive solidarity in terms of regional competition and emulation in economic development and social provision, leading to regional disparities that will shape the future contours of social policy and social citizenship in China.

scholarly journals Sociological Studies Of International Academic Mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim A. Yurevich ◽  
Vadim A. Malahov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Technological Complex ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Sociological Studies

Academic mobility is a significant part of a scientist’s career both in the world’s leading scientific countries and in peripheral ones. The data of sociological surveys show that the main incentive to change the country of scientific employment in most cases is the desire to gain experience in international teams, to get under the care of eminent scientists, to expand scientific ties. Material incentives such as wages, social benefits or access to research funding tools usually rank middle in the hierarchy of motives to move in countries with a developed scientific and technological complex. In countries that can be considered lagging behind from this point of view, the picture is somewhat different-material goods play a more significant role. Regarding the representatives of the Russian scientific Diaspora, there are also mainly purely economic prerequisites for leaving abroad, and a fairly low proportion of the scientists who left Russia declared their desire to return. At the same time, remote cooperation with Russian researchers for scientists-compatriots is quite an attractive form of interaction.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ZAKAT ON ADDRESSING POVERTY REDUCTION IN YOBE STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
MUSA UMAR YAKASAI ◽  
MUNUBIYYAH SANI JIBRIN ◽  
LAWAN ALI ZANNA
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
T Test ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

Poverty has become paramount, and it is been given much emphasis in different aspects since the declaration and introduction of the Zakat institutions in Yobe State Nigeria. The declaration focuses strongly on the reduction of state poverty within the recent activities of Islamic Financial Institutions as Islam provides an essential tool to completely prove in reducing poverty. The objective of the study is to assess the role of Zakat in addressing some levels of poverty reduction in Yobe State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted within 17 local governments of Yobe State, in which 20 questionnaires were served to each local government with total of 340. The study employed factor analysis for assessing the relation between the variables adopted, and descriptive and independent t-test analyses are considered for the analyses. The result shows that the Zakat has played a significant role in addressing poverty reductions in Yobe State, Nigeria.

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