A closer look at the elephant in the room: the distinctiveness of geographical indications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Song Xinzhe
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

The term ‘distinctiveness’ is used in trademark law to refer to the capacity of a trademark to distinguish the goods of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. The importance of this concept can be seen in Article 15 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), which provides that any sign having distinctiveness shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Gradually, ‘distinctiveness’ has come to be used to describe the distinguishing capacity of other distinctive signs, including geographical indications (GIs). This article explores the distinctiveness of GIs. It begins with a discussion of the meaning of GI distinctiveness in the different GI protection contexts to reveal its particularity compared to the traditional concept of trademark distinctiveness. The second part of the discussion shows, however, that the concept of GI distinctiveness is not given sufficient importance in the protection of GIs, and is confused with the distinctiveness of collective or certification marks. This article therefore calls for an approach that recognizes the importance and the particularity of the distinctiveness of GIs in the design of GI protection mechanisms.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Produk Indikasi Geografis dari Tindakan Peniruan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Tresna Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Empirical Law

Legal protection of Geographical Indications is necessary to determine whether there are communal or collective people. The communal community character means to belong to the community in the registered Geographical Indication area. This study aims to analyze legal certainty as well as the legal protection of product geographical indications of imitation actions. This research uses empirical law research method. In this case, the authors find that the TRIPs Agreement (Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) and the act no 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications are terms used to register. Perlindungan hukum terhadap Indikasi Geografis sangat perlu di perhatikan karena karakter kepemilikannya yang kolektif atau komunal. Karakter kepemilikan yang komunal memiliki arti menjadi milik bersama semua masyarakat dalam wilayah Indikasi Geografis yang telah didaftarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum produk indikasi geografis dari tindakan peniruan. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menemukan bahwa TRIPs Agreement (Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) dan Undang-Undang 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek Dan Indikasi Geografis mengatur secara khusus perlindungan bagi produk indikasi geografis yang telah didaftarkan.

scholarly journals Enforcement of intellectual property rights within the scope of the TRIPS agreement (trademarks and geographical indications)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5/S) ◽  
pp. 532-540
Author(s):  
Temurbek Mukhammedov ◽  
Iroda Yakubova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Geographical Indications

The article analyses the certain provisions of the TRIPS agreement related to the enforcement of intellectual property rights, in particular trademarks and geographical indications by giving legal commentaries as well as by comparing with the existent civil and civil-procedural laws of Uzbekistan.

Ch.6 Trademarks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa Carlos Maria
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Paris Convention

This chapter addresses Section 2, Part II, of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which relates to trademarks. In addition to the substantive rules contained in said section, the Agreement incorporates provisions to ensure the enforcement of rights (Part III) and, particularly, procedures to be followed by customs authorities with regard to counterfeit trademark goods (Part III, Section 4). This section significantly strengthens the rights of trademark owners as compared to those available under the Paris Convention. The main innovation brought about by the TRIPS text in the trademark area probably relates to the expanded protection conferred on well-known trademarks. Another area of potential significant impact is the limitation and conditions imposed with regard to the use requirement to maintain registration, and the flexibility accorded to assign trademarks unrelated to the respective business. The enforcement rules in Part III are likely to be, however, the most significant components of the Agreement in terms of impact on trademark law.

scholarly journals PATENTS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS THAT ARE LAYING ON INVENTOR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
putri indah sari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
The Government

The problems in this research are: (1) Is the patent in production can be provided to the workers / employees as a inventor? (2) How will the moral rights attached to the inventor to patent the intellectual work produced during the production process? This research uses normative juridical approach. Source of data derived from secondary data that primary legal materials, secondary, and tertiary. The results showed that patents in the production process is not given to the discoverer of workers / employees. The government needs to dissemination of the patents and other intellectual property rights so that a producer of intellectual work so that they know that the law protects what they produce. Governments also need to revise the provisions of Article 12 paragraph (1) Patent Law, where the rights of patent holders fixed on the inventor.

scholarly journals Criminal Enforcement and International Intellectual Property Law

2014 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Siddharth Partap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Standard Set

There is a global consensus that domain of Intellectual Property should be subjected to criminal enforcement in order to secure the rights of owners of such Intellectual Property Rights. The TRIPS Agreement was, to some extent, successful in crystallizing the consensus as regards the criminal measures to be taken by States in the event of the infringement of Intellectual Property Rights through article 61. However, the standard set by the provision by minimal, to say the least. The advent of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement has broader obligations, while also addressing some unsettled issues that have surfaced in disputes such as the China-IPRs case.

scholarly journals Pelindungan Hak Paten atas Pengetahuan Obat Tradisional Melalui Pasal 26 UU No. 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten (Protection of Patent Rights on Traditional Medicine Knowledge Through Article 26 of Law No. 13 of 2016 Concerning Patents)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Trias Palupi Kurnianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Patent Rights

Patent as a branch of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) serves to protect inventions on the field of technology, one of them being medicine. The rise on the number of cases on the theft of genetic resources and traditional knowledge on the field of medicine for commercialization purposes shows that the protection of patent rights on traditional medicine knowledge is still not optimal. This article is the result of a normative juridical research which is supported by an empirical data, examines the protection of patent rights on traditional medicine knowledge and the implementation of Article 26 of Law No. 13 of 2016 on Patents (Patent Law year 2016). In the research results, it was mentioned that even though the TRIPs Agreement did not accommodate the traditional knowledge, the presence of Patent Law year 2016 complemented the Indonesian government's efforts to save the knowledge of traditional medicines from biopiracy and misappropriation. It is necessary to regulate the disclosure obligation in TRIPs agreement and further mechanism regarding benefit sharing and granting access to traditional medicines knowledge. AbstrakPaten merupakan salah satu cabang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual yang berfungsi untuk melindungi invensi di bidang teknologi, salah satunya obat-obatan. Maraknya kasus pencurian sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional di bidang obat-obatan untuk tujuan komersialisasi menunjukkan bahwa pelindungan hak paten atas pengetahuan obat tradisional masih belum maksimal. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yuridis normatif yang didukung dengan data empiris, membahas mengenai pelindungan hak paten atas pengetahuan obat tradisional dan implementasi Pasal 26 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten (UU Paten 2016). Di dalam hasil penelitian, disebutkan meskipun Perjanjian Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) belum mengakomodasi pengetahuan tradisional namun hadirnya UU Paten 2016 melengkapi usaha pemerintah Indonesia dalam menyelamatkan pengetahuan obat tradisional dari biopiracy dan misappropriation. Perlu pengaturan kewajiban disclosure di dalam Perjanjian TRIPs dan mekanisme lebih lanjut mengenai benefit sharing dan pemberian akses atas pengetahuan obat tradisional.

Ch.3 International Exhaustion of Rights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa Carlos Maria
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter focuses on the issue of exhaustion of rights. Article 6 disclaims any intent in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement to limit the Members’ freedom to regulate the issue of exhaustion of rights with regard to all types of intellectual property rights (IPRs). It declares the admissibility of the international exhaustion of rights, that is, the possibility of legally importing into a country a product protected by intellectual property rights, after the product has been legitimately put on the market in a foreign market. These imports—made by a party without the authorization of the title-holder but equally legal—are generally known as ‘parallel imports’. Moreover, Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement has left Member countries freedom to incorporate the principle of exhaustion of rights into their domestic law with a national, regional, or international reach. The issue as such cannot be the subject matter of a dispute settlement under the Agreement.

IV. Intellectual Property

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-724
Author(s):  
Joe McMahon ◽  
Catherine Seville
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Global System ◽  
The World

This Journal's previous piece on current developments in EC intellectual property noted that this area of law is dominated by the drive towards harmonisation.1 This drive continues, and its success has been such that it can now begin to be seen in an overarching context of globalisation. The idea of a unified global system for the protection of intellectual property now seems at least conceivable, even if not immediately achievable. It is even possible to state that some stages have been achieved on the journey, most notably the TRIPs Agreement. Since adherence to this is a requirement of World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, the arguments in its favour have suddenly become “persuasive”. It represents a tremendous achievement in terms of the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights throughout the world. The World Intellectual Property Organisation's contribution here and elsewhere has been immense.

scholarly journals Understanding Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement: From Hard and Soft Law Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Kholis Roisah
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
The State ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Hard Law ◽  
General Obligation ◽  
Domestic Law

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agree-ment interesting to be understood in the perspective of hard law and soft law. TRIPs Agreement justified as hard or soft law by identifying the norms in the TRIPs agreement. Parameter obligation of TRIPs agreement visible implementation and enforcement of agreement norm with full compliance to fourth of the IPR Convention for the State parties is an indicator of unconditional obligation. Parameters precision TRIPS agreement showed formulation of general obligation setting up the implementation of treaty obligations is regulated in detail and the use of ”shall” term in any norm, describe the imperative norm character and shown indicator as substantial limited of interpretation with the parties might not interpreted. Parameter delegation looked explicitly provision of implementation and enforcement agreement that put an obligation on national authorities of state parties through domestic law and its courts. Parameter obligation, precision as well as delegation showed as high indicator that the TRIPs agreement characterized as hard law.

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