scholarly journals The estimation of seismic risk for central Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CAPUTO ◽  
V. I. KEILIS-BOROK ◽  
T. I. KRONROD ◽  
G. M. MOLCHAN ◽  
G. F. PANZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Actual Decision

The estimation of seismic risk is made for three types of objects in the central Italy, considering three kinds of models: 1) - A(2I,g): the intensity of the Poisson's flow of earthquakes, M being the magnitude, g the liypocentre. 2) - I(g,g,M): giving the distribution on the surface for a single earthquake (g,M), g being the epicentre. 3) - x(g,I): giving the effect x of the shakings of intensity / , g being the position of the object. For actual decision-making additional computations may be necessary in order to estimate how our results are influenced by the errors in these models. However practical decision can be made on the basis of these data, because the experience shows that normally results are exagerated.

scholarly journals Elite Decision-making and International Law: Promises and Perils of the Behavioral Revolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Actual Decision

A growing body of research applies behavioral approaches to the study of international law, mainly by studying convenience samples of students or other segments of the general public. Alongside the promises of this agenda are concerns about applying findings from non-elite populations to the people, and groups of people, charged with most real-world decision-making in the domain of law and governance. This concern is compounded by the fact that it is extremely difficult to recruit these actual decision-makers in a way that allows for direct study.

scholarly journals Models for Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Some 2-Tuple Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy Hamy Mean Operators

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Deng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Guiwu Wei ◽  
Mao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Multiple Integration ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Actual Decision

The Hamy mean (HM) operator, as a useful aggregation tool, can capture the correlation between multiple integration parameters, and the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (2TLPFNs) are a special kind of Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs), which can easily describe the fuzziness in actual decision making by 2-tuple linguistic terms (2TLTs). In this paper, to consider both Hamy mean (HM) operator and 2TLPFNs, we combine the HM operator, weighted HM (WHM) operator, dual HM (DHM) operator, and dual WHM (DWHM) operator with 2TLPFNs to propose the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy HM (2TLPFHM) operator, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy WHM (2TLPFWHM) operator, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy DHM (2TLPFDHM) operator and 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy DWHM (2TLPFDWHM) operator. Then some multiple attribute decision making (MADM) procedures are developed based on these operators. At last, an applicable example for green supplier selection is given.

ASSESSING THE ASSESSMENTS: BRITISH PLANNING AUTHORITIES AND THE REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPPA KREUSER ◽  
RICHARD HAMMERSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Consultation System ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
British Planning ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Planning Authority

For environment assessments to provide a positive contribution to official decision making in planning, the resulting environmental statement (ES) needs to exhibit such qualities as veracity, completeness and understandability; therefore the planning authority should "review" the ES to establish whether this is indeed the case and then move on to utilising the information contained therein. This research surveyed a sample of British local planning authorities to discover how they "assess the assessments" and use the information supplied. The literature suggests that planners use the "statutory consultation" system to achieve many aspects of a review, and therefore, a sample of consultees was asked about their treatment of ESs. From the surveys, it is clear that planners do in fact place great reliance on the consultees to review, verify and summarise at least parts of ESs. However there is some mismatch between the expectations of consultee review on the part of planners against the objectives of the consultees themselves. This then throws into question how useful the information is in the actual decision making processes. The paper goes on to examine the alternatives available for reviews and proposes the development of an independent review body which can ensure that ESs are "fit for purpose".

13. The nature of judicial review

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-308
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Public Bodies

Judicial review is a procedure whereby the courts determine the lawfulness of the exercise of executive power. It is concerned with the legality of the decision-making process as opposed to the merits of the actual decision. Thus it is supervisory rather than appellate. Emphasis is also placed on the fact that the jurisdiction exists to control the exercise of power by public bodies. This chapter discusses the supervisory jurisdiction of the courts, procedural reform, the rule in O’Reilly v Mackman, the public law/private law distinction, collateral challenge, and exclusion of judicial review. The procedure for making a claim for judicial review under the Civil Procedural Rules (CPR) 54 is outlined.

Supporting Pediatric Patients and Their Families at the End of Life: Perspectives From Bereaved Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015
Author(s):  
Laura K. Sedig ◽  
Jessica L. Spruit ◽  
Trisha K. Paul ◽  
Melissa K. Cousino ◽  
Harlan McCaffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Actual Decision

Background: Cancer remains the leading cause of death by disease for children in the United States. It is imperative to optimize measures to support patients and families facing the end of a child’s life. This study asked bereaved parents to reflect on their child’s end-of-life care to identify which components of decision-making, supportive services, and communication were helpful, not helpful, or lacking. Methods: An anonymous survey about end-of-life experiences was sent to families of children treated at a single institution who died of a malignancy between 2010 and 2017. Results: Twenty-eight surveys were returned for a 30.8% response rate. Most of the bereaved parents (61%) reported a desire for shared decision-making; this was described by 52% of families at the end of their child’s life. There was a statistically significant association between how well death went and whether the parental perception of actual decision-making aligned with desired decision-making ( P = .002). Families did not utilize many of the supportive services that are available including psychology and psychiatry (only 22% used). Respondents felt that additional services would have been helpful. Conclusions: Health care providers should strive to participate in decision-making models that align with the preferences of the patient and family and provide excellent communication. Additional resources to support families following the death of a child should be identified for families or developed and funded if a gap in available services is identified.

The falsifiability of actual decision-making models.

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Heathcote ◽  
E.-J. Wagenmakers ◽  
Scott D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Actual Decision

Perceived and Actual Decision Making by Novice Baccalaureate Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Thiele ◽  
Janet Holloway ◽  
Denice Murphy ◽  
Jill Pendarvis ◽  
Mary Stucky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Actual Decision

scholarly journals Neural Activity Reveals Preferences without Choices

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Smith ◽  
B. Douglas Bernheim ◽  
Colin F. Camerer ◽  
Antonio Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Actual Decision

We investigate the feasibility of inferring the choices people would make (if given the opportunity) based on their neural responses to the pertinent prospects when they are not engaged in actual decision making. The ability to make such inferences is of potential value when choice data are unavailable, or limited in ways that render standard methods of estimating choice mappings problematic. We formulate prediction models relating choices to “nonchoice” neural responses, and use them to predict out-of-sample choices for new items and for new groups of individuals. The predictions are sufficiently accurate to establish the feasibility of our approach. (JEL D12, D87)

Who defines the need for fishery reform? Participants, discourses and networks in the reform of the Greenland fishery

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Becker Jacobsen ◽  
Jesper Raakjær
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Actual Decision

ABSTRACTThis article investigates recent reforms of the Greenland coastal fisheries in order to contribute to the general lessons on reform and policy networks in the context of a changing Arctic stakeholdership. It analyses participation in fisheries governance decision-making by examining the emergence of discourses and policy networks that come to define the very need for reform. A policy network is identified across state ministries, powerful officials, banks and large scale industry that defined the need for fisheries reform within a ‘grand reform’ discourse. But inertia characterised the actual decision-making process as reform according to this ‘grand reform’ discourse was blocked by a combination of small-scale fishers’ informal networks and the power of the parliamentary majority. After a parliamentary shift in power the new government implemented the ‘grand reform’ gradually whilst new patterns of participation and exclusion emerged. In this process, the identities of the participating participants were reinterpreted to fit the new patterns of influence and participation. The article argues that fishery reform does not necessarily start with the collective recognition of a problem in marine resource use and a power-neutral process of institutional learning. Instead, it argues that fishery reform is likely to be the ‘reform of somebody’ and that this ‘somebody’ is itself a changing identity.

Modeling Individuals’ Activity-Travel Rescheduling Heuristics: Theory and Numerical Experiments

2002 ◽  
Vol 1807 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hyeon Joh ◽  
Theo Arentze ◽  
Harry Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Combinatorial Problem ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
The Face ◽  
Actual Decision

Previously, a theory of activity-travel rescheduling decisions was developed. This theory left open the problem of how individuals deal with the combinatorial problem of a very large solution space. Based on the argument that an appropriate algorithm should also be interpreted as a representation of an actual decision-making process, such an algorithm for activity-travel rescheduling is proposed here. Details are described, and a numerical illustration is provided to explore the face validity of the proposed algorithm.

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