scholarly journals THE RESIZING OF THE MOST POWERFUL ITALIAN INSTRUMENTAL EARTHQUAKE (SEPTEMBER 8, 1905, CALABRIA REGION, SOUTHERN ITALY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (Vol. 64 (2021)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Seismic Catalogue ◽  
A Value ◽  
Seismogenic Source ◽  
Different Depths

The 8 September 1905 Calabria earthquake is the seismic event for which the Italian Seismic Catalogue shows the highest instrumental magnitude of the whole dataset. However, the reported Ms=7.47 was calculated over only two stations, and leaves room for a revision. In this work I provide a new estimate of the surface-wave magnitude of the earthquake calculated over sixteen individual values of magnitude from seven different stations. The new estimate is Ms=7.06±0.13, a value that is consistently lined up with other estimates provided by means of macroseismic or geological evidence. The novel estimate is stable despite alternative epicentral locations and different depths proposed for this event by several investigators. The net variation of almost half a unit magnitude implies a resizing of the seismogenic source of the event in the frame of the seismotectonics of the region, and highlights the strong need for a systematic revision of the instrumental magnitude estimates for several ‘historical’ earthquakes that occurred at the dawning of the instrumental seismology.

scholarly journals Inferring the depth of pre-instrumental earthquakes from macroseismic intensity data: a case-history from Northern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sbarra ◽  
Pierfrancesco Burrato ◽  
Patrizia Tosi ◽  
Paola Vannoli ◽  
Valerio De Rubeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Depth ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Macroseismic Intensity ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Seismogenic Source ◽  
Seismogenic Faults ◽  
Intensity Field ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Abstract Determining the hypocentral depth of pre-instrumental earthquakes is a long-standing geophysical issue that still awaits to be elucidated. Using very well documented recent earthquakes we found that the depth of crustal and upper-mantle events correlates well with the slope of the first 50 km of their intensity attenuation curve, regardless of their magnitude. We used this observation to build a magnitude-independent method for calculating the depth of selected historical and early-instrumental earthquakes of northern Italy based on their macroseismic intensity field. Our method relies on both standard intensity data and questionnaire-based data for 20 earthquakes, encompassing a relatively large range of magnitude (Mw 4.0–5.8) and depth (3.0–72.4 km), that occurred in Northern Italy between 1983 and 2019. We then used the method to estimate the depth of 20 older earthquakes that occurred in the same region between 1570 and 1972. Knowing the approximate depth of historical earthquakes is crucial for assigning them to the relevant seismogenic source, especially where seismogenic faults occur at different depths, allowing for a better characterisation of the region’s seismotectonic setting. Knowing the focal depth also allows recalculating the equivalent magnitude, which turns out to be consistently larger for deeper events, suggesting a reassessment of the local seismic hazard.

scholarly journals Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus X4-like accessory protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye ◽  
Nkwachukwu Oziamara Okoro ◽  
Arome Solomon Odiba
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Protein A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is currently a global threat to health and economies. Therapeutics and vaccines are in rapid development; however, none of these therapeutics are considered as absolute cure, and the potential to mutate makes it necessary to find therapeutics that target a highly conserved regions of the viral structure. Results In this study, we characterized an essential but poorly understood coronavirus accessory X4 protein, a core and stable component of the SARS-CoV family. Sequence analysis shows a conserved ~ 90% identity between the SARS-CoV-2 and previously characterized X4 protein in the database. QMEAN Z score of the model protein shows a value of around 0.5, within the acceptable range 0–1. A MolProbity score of 2.96 was obtained for the model protein and indicates a good quality model. The model has Ramachandran values of φ = − 57o and ψ = − 47o for α-helices and values of φ = − 130o and ψ = + 140o for twisted sheets. Conclusions The protein data obtained from this study provides robust information for further in vitro and in vivo experiment, targeted at devising therapeutics against the virus. Phylogenetic analysis further supports previous evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 is positioned with the SL-CoVZC45, BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018B and the RS4231 Bat SARS-like corona viruses.

Health and death literacy and cultural diversity: insights from hospital-employed interpreters

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e8-e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hayes ◽  
Anne Marie Fabri ◽  
Maria Coperchini ◽  
Rafatullah Parkar ◽  
Zoe Austin-Crowe
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
End Of Life Decision

Objectives001225The aim of this qualitative study is to better understand, through the experiences and insights of hospital interpreters, how people from culturally and linguistic diverse (CALD) communities might respond to advance care planning (ACP) and end-of-life discussions.MethodsHospital interpreters from five Melbourne metropolitan health services were recruited for in-depth semi-structured interviews that explored the question, ‘What can be learnt from hospital interpreters about cultural issues related to ACP and end-of-life decision-making?’ Thirty-nine interpreters, representing 22 language groups, were interviewed. Analysis of the transcribed interviews used qualitative description.ResultsThematic analysis identified three major themes: (1) moral difference; (2) health and death literacy; and (3) diversity within culture.ConclusionA value-based approach to ACP is recommended as a way to capture the person’s individual values and beliefs. Health and death literacy have been identified as areas that may be over-estimated; areas that can be addressed and improved, if recognised. Health and death literacy is a particular area that needs to be assessed and addressed as a pre-requisite to ACP discussions.

Geological evidence for strong historical earthquakes in an “aseismic” region: The Pollino case (Southern Italy)

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maria Michetti ◽  
Luca Ferreli ◽  
Leonello Serva ◽  
Eutizio Vittori
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Geological Evidence

scholarly journals Liquefaction phenomena associated with the Emilia earthquake sequence of May–June 2012 (Northern Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Water ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Po Plain ◽  
Emilia Earthquake ◽  
Blind Thrust ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Seismogenic Source ◽  
Deformation Area

Abstract. In this paper we present the geological effects induced by the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence in the Po Plain. Extensive liquefaction phenomena were observed over an area of ~ 1200 km2 following the 20 May, ML 5.9 and 29 May, ML 5.8 mainshocks; both occurred on about E–W trending, S dipping blind thrust faults. We collected the coseismic geological evidence through field and aerial surveys, reports from local people and Web-based survey. On the basis of their morphologic and structural characteristics, we grouped the 1362 effects surveyed into three main categories: liquefaction (485), fractures with liquefaction (768), and fractures (109). We show that the quite uneven distribution of liquefaction effects, which appear concentrated and aligned, is mostly controlled by the presence of paleo-riverbeds, out-flow channels and fans of the main rivers crossing the area; these terrains are characterised by the pervasive presence of sandy layers in the uppermost 5 m, a local feature that, along with the presence of a high water table, greatly favours liquefaction. We also find that the maximum distance of observed liquefaction from the earthquake epicentre is ~ 30 km, in agreement with the regional empirical relations available for the Italian Peninsula. Finally, we observe that the contour of the liquefaction observations has an elongated shape almost coinciding with the aftershock area, the InSAR deformation area, and the I ≥ 6 EMS area. This observation confirms the control of the earthquake source on the liquefaction distribution, and provides useful hints in the characterisation of the seismogenic source responsible for historical and pre-historical liquefactions.

scholarly journals WUJUD BUDAYA DALAM NOVEL TEGUH ANAK JADAH KARYA A.D. DONGGO (KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI SASTRA)

EDU-KATA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Amiruddin
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Value System ◽  
System A ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
The Impact

This research-oriented culture and a form of resistance against the culture of power in the novel Teguh Anak Jadah by A.D. Donggo studied from anthropological literature review. Interdisciplinary between anthropology and literature provide new understanding of the phenomenon of human culture in literature. The method used in this study using hermeneutic methods. This method outlined understand the text and the text intended for a review of literature. Hermeneutical suitable for reading literature for the study of literature, whatever its form, related to an activity that interpretation.  In general, the study found a form of culture and a form of resistance against the culture of power in the novel Teguh Anak Jadah by A.D. Donggo. Cultural manifestation in the form of a value system, a system of norms, physical culture, specific rules, politics cultural activities, and the work. Novel Teguh Anak Jadah by A.D. Donggo It also shows the impact of the New Order regime and its cronies make public mindset when it becomes depressed, silent habit deeply ingrained during the New Order government has given rise to a new habit that is easy to forget. Forgetting the role of self, the role of the organization, the role of the family, against fellow citizens of different ideologies.

scholarly journals Power system voltage collapse prediction using a new line stability index (NLSI-1): A case study of the 330-kV nigerian national grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5125
Author(s):  
I. A. Samuel ◽  
J. Katende ◽  
C. O. A. Awosope ◽  
A. A. Awelewa ◽  
A. I. Adekitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Voltage Collapse ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Novel ◽  
A Value ◽  
System Collapse ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reliability Issue

The cumulative number of historical and recent power system outages substantiates the fact that further studies are necessary for an improved solution to the issue of voltage instability on the grid and the subsequent system collapse. Voltage collapse is a serious reliability issue which inhibits the objective of running a reliable and secure power system network. In this study, a new line stability index (NLSI_1) for predicting voltage collapse is presented.  The new index considers a switching logic which is derived from the difference of voltage angle between the two load buses. The index is deployed for performance analysis using the 28-bus, 330-kV Nigeria National Grid (NNG).  The simulation implemented in MATLAB shows that the index gives the same results as Line stability index (Lmn) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) indices. The base case and the contingency scenarios were considered during the simulation. The base case analysis using the NNG values of all the three indices FVSI, Lmn, and NLSI_1 for simulation generates a value less than one for the entire lines which implies that the NNG is stable in this mode. The values of the three indices are almost the same, which confirms the accuracy of the novel index developed. The analysis for the contingency case reveals that the load bus 16 (Gombe) which has the lowest, maximum permissible reactive load of 139.5MVAR is the weakest; also power line 16-19 is identified as the critical line. The result of the simulation confirms that the accuracy was improved by using NLSI_1.

SURFACE-RELIEF THREE-PORT OUTPUT WITH A CONNECTING LAYER GRATING UNDER THE SECOND BRAGG CONDITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850140 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO WANG ◽  
WENHUA ZHU ◽  
HONGTAO LI ◽  
SUFANG YIN ◽  
CHENGYUE SU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Grating Period ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Rigorous Coupled Wave ◽  
Modal Method

A three-port surface-relief grating with a connecting layer under the second Bragg condition is put forward and designed for the free space application in this paper. Such grating can function as a beam splitter, which can split the polarized light into the [Formula: see text]2nd order and the [Formula: see text]1st order and the 0th order based on the optimum grating profile parameters. By using rigorous coupled-wave analysis, a highly-efficient polarization-dependent connecting-layer-based grating can be obtained with the optimum different depths and thicknesses with the grating duty cycle of 0.65 and grating period of 1150[Formula: see text]nm. On the basis of the designed grating profile parameters, a modal method can explain the propagating process. Compared with the conventional surface-relief fused-silica grating, the diffraction efficiencies for TE polarization in three orders are improved. Therefore, the novel conception of the grating under the second Bragg condition is significant for further applications such as interferometer with improved efficiency for TE polarization.

scholarly journals Seismic damage to ancient monuments in Chiang Saen (Northern Thailand): implication for historical earthquakes in Golden Triangle area

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2155) ◽  
pp. 20180255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teraphan Ornthammarath
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Golden Triangle ◽  
Ancient Monuments

Over the last few decades, three moderate earthquakes (Mw greater than 6.0) occurred in and around the Golden Triangle area (including Myanmar, Thailand and Lao PDR) causing unprecedented damage and loss of lives in the epicentral region. In addition to the damage to modern structures, most heritage structures in Chiang Saen, a major city of the Lan Na kingdom (from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century), were also affected. This work is intended to present observed historical structure damage from recent earthquakes, which could provide evidence for the severity of historical earthquakes from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century. Based on historical records, geological evidence and observed damage to ancient monuments in this historic town, existing heritage stupas and temples constructed since the fourteenth century sustained only minor to moderate damage from these historical earthquakes. Considering the seismic vulnerability of these historical monuments, Chiang Saen might have never been subjected to severe ground shaking greater than MMI intensity VII, similar to the major earthquake in 460 A.D. along the Mae Chan fault, which was responsible for the large-scale liquefaction and inundation of ancient Yonok town. This information could be important for paleoseismological and historical earthquake research to constrain the recurrence interval of major active faults in this area. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.

scholarly journals Identification of the Novel Narrow-Spectrum β-Lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2179-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Stéphane Corvec ◽  
Melina Rapoport ◽  
Pauline Mugnier ◽  
Alejandro Petroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Class A ◽  
Narrow Spectrum ◽  
A Value ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT By studying the β-lactamase content of several Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Argentina, producing the expanded-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) VEB-1a or PER-2, a novel Ambler class A β-lactamase gene was identified. It encoded the narrow-spectrum β-lactamase SCO-1, whose activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid. SCO-1 hydrolyzes penicillins at a high level and cephalosporins and carbapenems at a very low level. β-Lactamase SCO-1 was identified from unrelated VEB-1a-positive or PER-2-positive Acinetobacter spp. isolates recovered from three hospitals. The bla SCO-1 gene was apparently located on a plasmid of ca. 150 kb from all cases but was not associated with any ESBL-encoding gene. The G+C content of the bla SCO gene was 52%, a value that does not correspond to that of the A. baumannii genome (39%). β-Lactamase SCO-1 shares 47% amino acid identity with CARB-5 and ca. 40% with the enzymes TEM, SHV, and CTX-M. A gene encoding a putative resolvase was identified downstream of the bla SCO-1 gene, but its precise way of acquisition remains to be determined.

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