scholarly journals Energy Absorption Characteristics of Foam Filled Tri Circular Tube under Bending Loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Fauzan Djamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Vehicle Engineering ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Energy Absorbing

In this study, the researcher carried out a comparative investigation of the crashworthy features of different tubular structures with a quasi-static three bending point, like the foam-filled two and tri circular tube structures. Energy absorption capacities and failure modes of different structures are also studied. Furthermore, the general characteristics are investigated and compared for instance the energy absorption, specific energy absorption and energy-absorbing effectiveness for determining the potential structural components that can be used in the field of vehicle engineering. Experimental results indicated that under the bending conditions, the tri foam-filled structures were higher crashworthiness behaviour than the two foam-filled circular structures. Therefore, this study recommended the use of crashworthy structures, such as foam-filled tri circular tubes due to the increased bending resistance and energy-absorbing effectiveness.

Key Performance Indicators of Tubes and Foam-Filled Tubes Used as Energy Absorbers

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Xiang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Tongxi Yu ◽  
Liming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Based on a systematic investigation on the experimental, theoretical and numerical results on various tubes under axial compression/impact including our own tests, a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing and comparing the energy absorbing performance of tubular structures with various configurations is proposed, so as to guide the design of energy absorbers whilst to facilitate parameter optimization. The five KPIs proposed on the basis of mechanical analyses are effective stroke ratio (ESR), nondimensional load-carrying capacity (NLC), specific energy absorption (SEA), effectiveness of energy absorption (EEA) and undulation of load-carrying capacity (ULC). Moreover, by considering the influence of foam filling, these five KPIs are also modified and extended to the foam-filled tubes. The paper presents a series of diagrams to compare the energy absorbing performance of various tubes in terms of the five KPIs as described above. It transpires that the energy absorption performance of circular tubes is superior to that of square tubes. It is also confirmed that the mass of foam fillers results in reductions of SEA and EEA, though foam fillers will greatly improve the NLC of empty tubes. The novelty of the present study is displayed on the following aspects: (1) uniquely defining the effective stroke by the maximum point of "energy efficiency" f so as to avoid ambiguity which appeared in the literature; (2) instead of a single indicator such as SEA, proposing a set of five KPIs to comprehensively assess the performance of energy absorbers and (3) validating the usefulness of the proposed KPIs by comparing the performance of various tubular structures used as energy absorbers.

Experimental analysis on the axial crushing and energy absorption characteristics of novel hybrid aluminium/composite-capped cylindrical tubular structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2234-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Praveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Aluminium Composite ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Cylindrical Tubes ◽  
Impact Crushing ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, aluminium-composite hybrid tubular structures, which combine the stable and progressive plastic deformation of the aluminium metal with light-weight composite materials, are obtaining increased consideration for meeting the advanced needs of crashworthiness characteristics. This research article presents the experimental outcomes of novel aluminium/composite-capped cylindrical tubes subjected to quasi-static and impact axial loads. The influence of various capped geometries in the aluminium segment and three different fabrics of the composite segment in the cylindrical tube are investigated experimentally. The outcomes of the impact crushing test are also correlated with the quasi-static results of the proposed aluminium/composite-capped cylindrical tubes. The overall outcomes revealed that the crashworthiness characteristics of crushing force consistency and specific energy absorption of the aluminium-composite hybrid tubes are superior to those of the bare aluminium tubes. When the glass fabric/epoxy composite is wrapped to aluminium cylindrical tubes, the specific energy absorption increases about 23–30%, and the wrapping of hybrid glass/kenaf fabrics increases the specific energy absorption of almost 40–52%. Such a hybrid tubular structures would be of huge prospective to be used as effective energy-absorbing devices in aerospace and automotive applications. A further benefit of the composite-wrapping approach is that the composite might be retro-fitted to aluminium tubes, and the energy absorption capability is shown to be significantly enhanced by such utilization.

Study of Energy Absorption Characteristics of Square Tube With Composite Cellular Core

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Eboreime Ohioma ◽  
Khairul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Tube Material ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Core Tube ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Deformation Modes

Square tubes are primarily used in automotive structures to absorb energy in the event of an accident. The energy absorption capacity of these structural members depends on several parameters such as tube material, wall thickness, axial length, deformation modes, locking strain, crushing stress, etc. In this paper, the work presented is a continuation of research conducted on exploring the effects of the introduction of cellular core in tubular structures under axial compressive loading. Here, the crushing response of composite cellular core tube was numerically studied using ABAQUS/Explicit module. The energy absorbing characteristics such as deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, crushing stroke, and energy curves were discussed. The composite cellular core tube shows promise for improving the crashworthiness of automobiles.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Strength of Circular Tube Open Wagons with Aluminum Foam Filled Center Sills

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Mykola Gorbunov ◽  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Juraj Gerlici ◽  
Kateryna Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Oscillation Modes ◽  
Absorbing Material ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Tube Structure

The study deals with an application of aluminum foam as an energy-absorbing material for the carrying structure of a rail car. The material is particularly recommended for circular tube carrying structures. The authors conducted mathematical modeling of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of an open wagon that faces shunting impacts with consideration of the center sill filled with aluminum foam. It was established that the maximum accelerations on the carrying structure of an open wagon were 35.7 m/s2, which was 3.5% lower in comparison with those for a circular tube structure without a filler. The results obtained were proved by computer modeling. The strength of the carrying structure of an open wagon was also calculated. It was established that aluminum foam applied as a filler for the center sill decreased the maximum equivalent stresses in the carrying structure of an open wagon by about 5% and displacements by 12% in comparison with those involving the circular tube carrying structure of an open wagon without a filler. The natural frequencies and the oscillation modes of the carrying structure of an open wagon were defined. The designed models of the dynamic loading of the carrying structure of an open wagon were verified with an F-test.

scholarly journals Shear And Flexural Behaviour Of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Beams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rashidian ◽  
Khandaker M. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexural Behaviour ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Self Consolidating Concrete ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Energy Absorbing

This research studied the shear and flexural behaviour of fiber reinforced lightweight self-consolidating concrete (FRLWSCC) beams made of three different fibers such as: High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), Crumb Rubber (CR) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) compared with lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams. The performances of all beams were described based on load-deformation or moment-rotation response, strain developments, crack characterization, failure modes, ductility, stiffness and energy absorbing capacity. All FRLWSCC shear beams showed higher ultimate shear resistance, ductility and energy absorption capacity compared to LWSCC beams. All FRLWSCC flexural beams at failure exhibited higher flexural capacity, more cracks with smaller width, higher ductility, higher energy absorption capacity and lower stiffness compared to their LWSCC counterparts. FRLWSCC beams especially made of HDPE fibers showed better shear and flexural capacities besides satisfactory ductility performance. Experimental shear and flexural capacities of FRLWSCC beams were compared with those predicted from Code based and other existing equations.

Experimental researches on failure and energy absorption of composite laminated thin-walled structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4253-4268
Author(s):  
Mou Haolei ◽  
Xie Jiang ◽  
Zou Jun ◽  
Feng Zhenyu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Thin Walled

To research the failure of carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminated specimens, the tensile tests and compressive tests were conducted for [90]16 and [0]16 specimens, and the shear tests were conducted for [±45]4s specimens, and the microscopic failure mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To research the failure and energy absorption of different thin-walled structures with different layups, the quasi-static axial crushing tests were conducted for [±45/0/0/90/0]s and [0/90]3s circular tubes, [0/90]3s and [±45]3s square tubes, [0/90]4s and [±45]4s sinusoidal specimens, and the internal failure were further investigated by 3D X-ray scan. Based on the load-displacement curves, the energy absorptions were evaluated and compared according to specific energy absorption and peak crushing force, and the relationships between failure modes and specific energy absorption, peak crushing force were further researched. The results show that the macroscopic failure modes are the collective results of varieties of microscopic failure mechanisms, such as fiber fracture, matrix deformation and cracking, interlamination and intralamination cracks, cracks propagation, etc. The [±45/0/0/90/0]s circular tube shows the transverse shearing failure mode with high specific energy absorption. The [±45]3s square tube and [±45]3s sinusoidal specimen show the local buckling failure mode with low specific energy absorption. The [0/90]4s sinusoidal specimen, [0/90]3s circular tube, and [0/90]3s square tube show the lamina bending failure mode with medium specific energy absorption. The failure mode of thin-walled structure can be changed by reasonable layups design, and the energy absorption can further be improved.

Dynamic behaviour of cork and cork-filled aluminium tubes: Numerical simulation and innovative applications

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Pires Gameiro ◽  
José Cirne ◽  
Victor Miranda ◽  
Joaquim Pinho-da-Cruz ◽  
Filipe Teixeira-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Absorbing Medium ◽  
Crash Protection ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Deformation Modes

Abstract Cork is a unique and complex natural cellular material with many industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to explore a new application field for the use of micro-agglomerate cork as an energy-absorbing medium. A numerical study on the energy absorption capabilities of square and circular cork-filled aluminium tubes with a width or diameter of 80 mm, length of 300 mm and variable thickness was performed with the finite element method code LS-DYNA™. The tubes were impacted uniaxially at 10 and 15 m s-1. The same analysis was carried out on aluminium foam-filled tubes. The results demonstrate that cork filling leads to a considerable increase in the energy absorbed for both section geometries, and that tube thickness plays an important role in the deformation modes and energy absorption. The investigation revealed better results for aluminium foam-filled structures, but demonstrated that micro-agglomerate cork has high potential as an energy-absorbing medium in crash protection applications.

Response of Filled Thin-Walled Square Tubes to Axial Impact Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Steeve Chung Kim Yuen ◽  
Gerald Nurick ◽  
Sylvester Piu ◽  
Gadija Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Initial Peak

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the response of thin-walled square (60x60 mm and 76x76 mm) tubes made from mild steel filled with four different fillers; aluminium foam (Cymat 7%), two types of aluminium honeycomb and polyurethane foam to quasi-static and dynamic axial impact load. The energy absorption characteristics of the foam-filled tubes are compared to that of a hollow tube, through efficiency calculations. The tubular structures are subjected to axial impact load generated by drop masses of 320 kg and 390 kg released from a height ranging between 2.1 m to 4.1 m. Footage from a high speed camera is used to determine the average crush forces exerted by each specimen. The results show that the fillers have insignificant effects on the initial peak forces based on the quasi-static results but increase the overall mean crushed force. The findings also indicate that the fillers affect at times the size of the lobe formed thus compromising the energy absorption capacity of the tube.

A Study on Bending Behaviours of Aluminium Foam-Filled Tubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang An ◽  
Chun Hui Yang ◽  
Peter Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Insight Into

In the study, the strengthening effect of aluminium foam in thin-walled aluminium tubes subject to bending load in investigated experimentally and numerically. Bending tests are conducted on foam filler, hollow tube and foam-filled tube. The finite element method is used as well to get deeper insight into the crush failure modes via focusing on the influence from wall thickness of the tube. The obtained information is useful to optimally design foam-filled tubes as energy absorbing devices in automotive engineering. The optimisation results can be implemented to find an optimum foam-filled tube that absorbs the same energy as the optimal hollow tube but with much less weight.

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