A SIMPLE WAY TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), ON DAIRY FARMS IN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Jenaro Maldonado Capriles ◽  
Silverio Medina Gaud
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly

A SIMPLE WAY TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), ON DAIRY FARMS IN PUERTO RICO

scholarly journals Aerobic bacterial microbiota in stomoxys calcitrans: preliminary studies in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G. de Castro ◽  
Miliane M.S. de Souza ◽  
Avelino J. Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
First Time

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, has a great importance in medical and veterinary health due to its feeding and reproductive habits, which can disseminate some pathogenic agents among hosts even at long distances. This study aimed to describe, for the first time in Brazil, the bacterial microbiota in segments of the stable fly. Bacterial species were isolated from three different segments (cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract) of the stable fly. Twenty dairy farms were visited in four municipalities: Barra Mansa, Quatis, Resende and Rio Claro in the State of Rio de Janeiro in order to collect 20 flies in each site. Dissection of the flies and procedures of isolation and identification of bacterial species were performed. A total of 161 colonies of 33 distinct species were isolated, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. intermedius. Stomoxys calcitrans may harbor bacterial agents on their cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract and these bacteria may be pathogenic to their hosts.

Hymenopterous parasitoids of house fly and stable fly puparia in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Noronha ◽  
G.A.P. Gibson ◽  
K.D. Floate
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Percent Parasitism

AbstractPuparia of house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were collected on dairy farms in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and New Brunswick (NB) and held for emergence of hymenopterous parasitoids. Percent parasitism for PEI in 2003 and 2004 was 6.7 (n = 10 060 puparia) and 1.0 (n = 36 992 puparia), respectively. Percent parasitism for NB was not determined in 2003, but was 9.1% (n = 3052 puparia) in 2004. A parasitoid provisionally identified as Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae) predominated in both provinces. Additional species recovered included Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae) and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Saunders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins (PEI only), Spalangianigra Latreille (NB only), Spalangia subpunctata Förster (NB only), Trichomalopsis americana (Gahan) (PEI only), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae). Dissection of host puparia from which neither flies nor wasps emerged yielded a relatively large number of additional parasitoids, particularly S. nigra.

Hemolysis of erythrocytes by the hemolytic system from the blood-feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 690-691
Author(s):  
H. J. Kirch ◽  
G. Spates ◽  
R. Droleskey ◽  
W.J. Kloft ◽  
J.R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes ◽  
Potential Tool

Blood feeding insects have to rely on the protein content of mammalian blood to insure reproduction. A substantial quantity of protein is provided by hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. Access to hemoglobin is accomplished only via erythrocyte lysis. It has been shown that midgut homogenates from the blood feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, contain free fatty acids and it was proposed that these detergent-like compounds play a major role as hemolysins in the digestive physiology of this species. More recently sphingomyelinase activity was detected in midgut preparations of this fly, which would provide a potential tool for the enzymatic cleavage of the erythrocyte's membrane sphingomyelin. The action of specific hemolytic factors should affect the erythrocyte's morphology. The shape of bovine erythrocytes undergoing in vitro hemolysis by crude midgut homogenates from the stable fly was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from Stable Flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae)†

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MRAMBA ◽  
A. BROCE ◽  
L. ZUREK
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Glucose Agar

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. Previously, it was suggested that stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, were a vector or reservoir of this pathogen. In our study, by means of a culturing approach combined with 16S rDNA PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and sequencing, we screened 928 individual stable flies collected in Kansas and Florida. Two stable flies (0.2%) were positive for E. sakazakii. In addition, 411 (44%) stable flies carried bacteria-forming red colonies (presumably enterics) on a violet red bile glucose agar (mean count = 6.4 × 104 CFU per fly), and 120 (13%) stable flies carried fecal coliforms (mean count = 8.7 × 103 CFU per fly). Sequencing of 16S rDNA showed that enterics from violet red bile glucose agar were represented by several genera, including Escherichia, Shigella, Providencia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Proteus, Serratia, and Morganella. Our study shows that stable flies carry bacteria typically present in animal manure (a developmental site of stable fly larvae), which indicates that the natural reservoir of E. sakazakii is the digestive tract or manure of domestic animals. The low prevalence of E. sakazakii associated with stable flies suggests that stable flies do not play a major role as a reservoir or vector of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Sugarcane stems as larval habitat for the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) in sugarcane plantations

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo H.D. Cançado ◽  
Taciany Ferreira ◽  
Eliane M. Piranda ◽  
Cleber O. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Outbreaks of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, cause losses for livestock producers located near sugarcane mills in Brazil, especially in southern Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane mills are often pointed by local farmers as the primary source of these outbreaks; some mills also joined the farmers in combating the flies. Brazilian beef cattle production has great economic importance in similar level to bio-fuel production as ethanol. In this context, the wide-ranging knowledge on the biology and ecology of the stable fly, including larval habitats and their reproduction sites is extremely important for further development of control programs. This paper aims to report the occurrence and development of S. calcitrans larvae inside sugarcane stems in three municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane stems give protection against bad weather conditions and insecticide application. In this way, for sustainable sugarcane growth specific research concerning this situation should be conducted.

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