scholarly journals Crop rotation systems and population levels of nematodes

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Nelia Acosta ◽  
Obed Román ◽  
Nydia E. Vicente ◽  
Luis A. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Second Year

The effect of crop rotation involving tomato, corn and velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana) on the population levels of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis and on crop yield was studied for 2 years in the Isabela area. Meloidogyne incognita and R. reniformis population levels were drastically reduced in all rotations with velvet bean and corn, whereas a considerable increase was obtained from plots with continuous tomato. In the fourth planting (second year), the tomato roots from plots previously planted to velvet bean showed significantly smaller gall index values than those in the other treatments. The yields of tomato from plots previously planted to velvet bean or corn were significantly higher than those from plots planted to continuous tomato or from nematicide-treated plots.

scholarly journals Efficacy Of Two Organic Amendments And A Nematicide To Manage Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Faruk ◽  
MI Rahman ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MMH Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Treatment Application

A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to find out the efficacy of poultry refuse (PR), mustard oilcake (MOC), and Furadan 5G for the management of root-knot disease (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato. Soil was treated with PR @ 3 and 5 t/ha, MOC @ 0.3 and 0.6 t/ha 3 weeks before transplanting and Furadan 5G @ 40 kg/ha on the day of transplanting of tomato seedlings. PR @ 3 t/ha and MOC @0.3 t/ha were applied alone and also mixed with Furadan 5G @ 20 kg/ha. The soils of the experimental plots were inoculated with chopped severely galled (M incognita) roots of tomato at the time of treatment application. In both the years, considerable reduction in rootknot disease and increase in plant growth and fruit yield were achieved with different treatments with two organic materials applied alone or mixed with Furadan 5G. The most effective treatment was PR @ 3 t/ha + Furadan 5G @ 20 kg/ha followed by PR alone @ 5 t/ha. Efficacy of PR @ 3 t/ha and MOC @ 0.6 1/ha were also appreciable. In first year and second year, gall index values were 6.50 and 6.27 under control, respectively. The severity was reduced to 2.27-4.00 in first year and 1.73-4.07 in second year due to application of the four treatments. On the other hand, fruit yield under control was 50.9 t/ha at first year and 47.6 t/ha in second year. The highly effective four treatments increased fruit yield to 71.1-82.5 t/ha in first year and 60.8-82.0 t/ha in second year. The fruit yield of tomato was directly and linearly correlated with gall indices in tomato gall. Based on findings of the study PR @ 3 t/ha + Furadan @20 kg/ha and PR alone @ 5 t/ha were noted as effective treatment to manage root-knot disease of tomato. Keywords: Poultry refuse; mustard oilcake; Furadan; Meloidogjyne incognita; tomato. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9275 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 477-486

scholarly journals Long term crop rotation effect on soybean yield explained by soil- and root-associated microbiome and soil health indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achal Neupane ◽  
Izzet Bulbul ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
R. Michael Lehman ◽  
Emerson Nafziger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Crop rotation is an important management tactic that farmers use to manage crop production and reduce pests and diseases. Long-term crop rotations may select groups of microbes that form beneficial or pathogenic associations with the following crops, which could explain observed crop yield differences with different crop sequences. To test this hypothesis, we used two locations each with three long-term (14 year), replicated, crop rotation treatments: continuous corn ( Zea mays ) (CCC), corn/corn/soybean (SCC), and corn/soybean (CSC); both CSC and SCC had each phase present each year. In Year 15, we grew soybean ( Glycine max ) in each plot, so that soybean replaced corn in CCC and in the CSC phase where soybean grew in Year 14, and took data from soybeans following CCC (14 years of corn), SCC (two years of corn), CSC (one year of corn), and SCS (one year of soybean). Soybean yield and soil health indicators were measured, along with the bulk soil microbiome and soybean root-associated microbiome.Results Soybean yields were significantly higher following CCC than in the other three treatments at both locations. Soil protein as a soil health indicator was also higher following CCC than in the other treatments. Differential abundances of bacterial and fungal taxa were related to yield differences in a site-specific manner. Uncultured bacterial taxa in family JG30-KF-AS9 was enriched in the high-yielding CCC plots in Monmouth, whereas Microvirga , Rhodomicrobium , and Micromonosporaceae were enriched in the low-yielding SCS plots. Members of the fungal phylum Ascomycota were informative in explaining yield differences among treatments mostly as pathogens, but Tumularia , Pyrenochaetopsis and Schizothecium were enriched in the CCC plots, suggesting a role as either corn pathogens or beneficial fungal taxa for soybean. Multivariate analysis associated soil health indicators with the rotation regimes and some of the differentially abundant microbial taxa.Conclusions Our finding of associations between soil health indicators related to soil microbial populations and soybean yield following different cropping sequences has wide-ranging implications, opening the possibility of both monitoring and manipulating soil microbial populations as a way to improve crop yield potential.

scholarly journals Effects of Selected Marigold Varieties on Root-knot Nematodes and Tomato and Melon Yields

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Ca 50

Field experiments were conducted at two sites in California to evaluate the effects of marigold genotypes Tagetes patula var. Single Gold and Tagetes hybrid var. Polynema on Meloidogyne incognita infestation, root-galling, and yields of tomato grown immediately after marigold. Marigold cultivars were compared with a fallow control and with methyl iodide fumigation of soil prior to cultivation of M. incognita-susceptible and M. incognita-resistant tomato. Tomato yields after marigold were ca. 50% higher than after fallow. Marigold Single Gold consistently reduced nematode infestation and galling of tomato roots. Results were not significantly different between methyl iodide fumigation or marigold Single Gold at one site, but methyl iodide outperformed both marigold varieties at the other site. At one site, where melon var. Durango was grown during spring and summer of the year following cultivation of marigolds Single Gold and Polynema, melon yield increases of 95 and 45%, respectively, were still obtained.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

Allelopathy: a possible mechanism of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by entomopathogenic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
Sudha Venkatachari
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A possible mechanism of suppression of a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita by entomopathogenic nematodes is described. Heat-killed entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and S. riobrave temporarily suppressed penetration of the root-knot nematode M. incognita into tomato roots, but live nematodes had no effect. Infective juvenile M. incognita were repelled from all entomopathogenic nematode treatments that included their symbiotic bacteria. They were repelled by Galleria mellonella cadavers infected with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave and from cell-free culture filtrates of the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii, and Xenorhabdus sp. "R" from the three nematode species, respectively. Cell-free filtrates from all three Xenorhabdus spp. were toxic to M. incognita infective juveniles causing 98-100% mortality at 15% concentration. Cell-free filtrate of Xenorhabdus sp. "R" also reduced the hatch of M. incognita eggs. Application of formulated bacterial cell-free filtrates temporarily suppressed M. incognita penetration into tomato roots in a greenhouse trial. The short-term effects of cell-free bacterial filtrates, namely toxicity and repellency, were almost entirely due to ammonium. These results demonstrate allelopathic interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria. The likely role of allelopathy in the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by innundative applications of entomopathogenic nematodes is discussed. Allelopathie: Ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch insektenpathogene Nematoden - Es wird ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung des pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Meloidogyne incognita durch insektenpathogene Nematoden beschrieben. Durch Hitze abgetotete insektenpathogene Nematoden Steinernema feltiae und S. riobrave underdruckten das Eindringen des Wurzelgallenalchens M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln, lebende Nematoden hatten keine Wirkung. Infektionsjuvenile von M. incognita wurden von allen Behandlungen mit insektenpathogenen Nematoden abgestossen, die auch die symbiontischen Bakterien einschlossen. Sie wurden durch die Kadaver von Galleria mellonella abgestossen, die mit S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae und S. riobrave infiziert waren sowie durch zellfreie Kultursubstrate der symbiontischen Bakterien Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii und Xenorhabdus sp. "R" aus den drei genannten Nematodenarten. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von allen drei Xenorhabdus spp. waren giftig fur die Infektionsjuvenilen von M. incognita und verursachten in einer Konzentration von 15% Abtotungsraten von 98-100%. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von Xenorhabdus sp. "R" vermiderten ausserdem das Schlupfen von M. incognita-Eiern. In einem Gewachshausversuch unterdruckten formulierte zellfreie Bakterienfiltrate vorubergehend das Eindringen von M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln. Die Kurzzeitwirkungen von zellfreien Bakterien filtraten, namentlich Giftigkeit und Abstossung, waren nahezu ganz bedingt durch Ammoniak. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Vorhandensein von allelopathischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden, insektenpathogenen Nematoden und deren symbiontischen Bakterien. Die wahrscheinliche Rolle von Allelopathie bei der Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch eine Massenanwendung insektenpathogener Nematoden wird diskutiert.

Folding and Fracturing of Rocks: the birth of modern structural geology

2018 ◽  
Vol 487 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Treagus ◽  
Peter J. Hudleston
Keyword(s):  
Structural Geology ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postgraduate Student ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Second Year

AbstractIn 1967, the publication of John Ramsay's book, Folding and Fracturing of Rocks, was a landmark event that affected both of us, inspiring us into careers in structural geology. At that time, one of us was a postgraduate student at Imperial College, London, the other a second-year undergraduate at Manchester University. It is hard to convey, 50 years on, how precious this book was then. The true and lasting value is how this book has changed individuals, and influenced the teaching and research in structural geology, in Britain and around the world. In our view, Folding and Fracturing of Rocks marks the birth of modern structural geology.

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON Fusarium WILT, NEMATODE INFESTATION, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN WATERMELON PRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Álvarez-Hernández ◽  
Javier Zaragoza Castellanos-Ramos ◽  
César Leobardo Aguirre-Mancilla ◽  
María Victoria Huitrón-Ramírez ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Lower Plant

Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstock are used to prevent infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon production; however, this rootstock is not effective against nematode attack. Because of their vigor, the grafted plants can be planted at lower plant densities than the non-grafted plants. The tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in watermelon plants grafted onto a hybrid of Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta or the Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza rootstocks. The densities of plants were 2083 and 4166 plants ha-1. Non-grafted watermelons were the controls. The Crunchy Red and Sangría watermelon cultivars were used as the scions, it the latter as a pollinator. The experiments were performed for two production cycles in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was significantly greater in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants. The grafted plants presented similar resistance to Fusarium regardless of the rootstock. The root-knot galling index for Meloidogyne incognita was significantly lower in plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta than onto the other rootstock. The yields of plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta grown at both plant densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments.

scholarly journals From projects to problems

2006 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Derek Raine
Keyword(s):  
Group Work ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Projects ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Teaching Physics

Projects are a familiar feature of physics curricula and many courses include one or more group projects as a way of developing group work skills, if not for teaching physics. Problem-based learning on the other hand, which is designed primarily to teach physics while enhancing group work skills, is not so familiar. In this article we shall show how project work can be developed rather simply into problem-based learning by contextualising the project in terms of a problem and a viewpoint. The examples given will be based on developments of first and second year courses at Leicester to integrate practical, computational and theoretical work within the programme of specialist options. The benefits to staff and students will be discussed.

ESTIMATING OF CROP YIELD DEPENDENCE IN CROP ROTATION FROM THE USE OF SAPROPELS, LIME, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Igor Vasilievich Sinyavskiy ◽  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Plotnikov ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Sozinov ◽  
Natalya Dmitrievna Gushchenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus
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