scholarly journals The Effect of General and Vocational High School Quality on Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-323
Author(s):  
Rizqi Qurniawan ◽  
Thia Jasmina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
High Schools ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Vocational High Schools ◽  
Years Of Schooling

To improve the quality and competitiveness of human capital and correspond to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 especially target 4.3, to ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, Indonesia has been focusing on improving the quality of secondary education. However, empirical data and previous research showed that secondary school graduates in Indonesia face high unemployment and income differences, especially vocational school graduates. The quality of secondary high schools plays an important role in determining the years of schooling of the graduates and indirectly impacts labor market outcomes. Using longitudinal panel data at the individual level from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) of 2000, 2007, and 2014; and applying education production function and Mincer earning equation, this study finds that the difference in wages between graduates of general and vocational high schools is not statistically significant despite the school quality. However, analyzing within the vocational high schools shows that better quality of vocational high schools increases years of schooling of its graduates as they can access tertiary education, and subsequently increases their performance in the labor market. This finding indicates that policies to improve school quality, especially vocational high schools, should be enhanced.

scholarly journals Coordinated Markets, School-to-Work Linkages, and Labor Market Outcomes in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Albert DiPrete ◽  
Joanna Chae
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
School To Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Impact

A large literature in both sociology and political science has theorized about the importance of skill formation systems for macroeconomic performance, for the transition from school to work, and for labor market outcomes. However, consensus on how countries fit into these theoretical groupings has been difficult, and empirical evidence that these groupings matter has been elusive. Focusing on labor market outcomes across twenty-one European countries, this paper demonstrates that the strength of linkage between specific educational outcomes and occupational destinations is an important source of these institutional effects. Stronger linkage is generally associated with higher relative earnings and greater chances of employment, though heterogeneity exists both across age and gender groupings and across educational levels. Country-level structure matters because it is related to the local linkage strength of pathways, even as there is considerable heterogeneity within countries in the coherence of pathways from educational outcomes to occupations. Pathway effects clearly matter, particularly in how they shape the consequences of working in an occupation that is well matched to one's educational level and field of study. The strongest evidence for macro-structural effects concerns the impact of macro-structure on the earnings gap between well-matched and not-well matched workers with non-tertiary and with upper tertiary education. The findings suggest that policies to improve labor market outcomes do not require wholesale transformations of a country's skill formation system, but instead can focus on improving pathway coherence one pathway at a time.

scholarly journals Returns to Late Aged College Degrees

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Wallace ◽  
Thomas Mroz ◽  
Alex Hathaway
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
College Education ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level

The benefits of a college education are well documented. However, the majority of existing research focuses on students who matriculate soon after high school graduation. There is little empirical evidence illustrating whether a college degree is similarly beneficial to those already in the workforce, particularly individuals over 50. Nonetheless, the coming years will see the dramatic growth of older individuals, many of whom will continue to be active in the labor force, and policymakers would benefit from effective strategies to improve the labor market outcomes of older individuals. This research proposes to evaluate the labor market outcomes of individuals in Georgia who obtain a bachelor’s degree at age 50 or older by merging state-level individual level labor force (Dpt of Labor) with individual level educational data from the University System of Georgia (USG). Specifically, we explore whether these later-age degrees result in employment opportunities with higher wages and increased retention in the labor force beyond the traditional retirement age of 65 than those who do not attain a bachelor’s degree.  The results will provide policymakers across the United States with information to make informed decisions regarding higher education incentives and policies for older students.

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of Government Asistance on the Improvement of Quality of Vocational Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Aziz Wahyu Suprayitno
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Government Assistance ◽  
Vocational High Schools ◽  
Quality Report

This study evaluates the impact evaluation of Government Assistance on the improvement of Quality of Vocational Education. This study using the Difference in Difference (DID) method to estimate the effects of Government Assistance allocation by comparing the changes in outcome {quality of Vocational Education measured by School Quality Report (Rapor Mutu Sekolah) that contains a number with scale 1 – 7} between the Vocational High School that get Government Assistance (intervention/treatment group) and the Vocational High School that did not (control group), using regression model by testing parallel trend assumption first. Secondary data consists of Government Assistance and Vocational High School Quality Report for 2013 – 2018 from the Directorate of Vocational Education, Ministry of Education and Culture. Government Assistance data selected is only Assistance for facilities/infrastructure and Assistance for rehabilitation/construction of buildings using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the average value of the Vocational High Schools that received Government Assistance was higher by 0.0373 compared to Vocational High Schools that did not receive Government Assistance, after the intervention of Government Assistance from 2016 - 2018. That results indicates that Government Assistance has a positive impact on improving the Quality of Vocational Education. Keywords : impact evaluation, DID, quality of vocational education, government assistance.

scholarly journals Black Population Size and the Structure of United States Labor Market Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Black Population Size

This dissertation investigates the relationship between relative Black population size and the structure of labor market inequality by race-ethnicity, gender and class. There are five principal new developments here. First, Black-White inequality for women -- as well as gender inequality -- is integrated into the research. Second, by examining three major labor market outcomes -- employment status, occupational attainment, and earnings -- the project offers a more systematic view of the relationships under study. This has important implications for better understanding possible causal mechanisms of racial-ethnic composition. Third, existing threat and crowding hypotheses are tested with new models using measures of residential and occupational segregation. Fourth, tests of class interactions are offered, casting new light on continuing debates about the relative costs and benefits of Black-White inequality across class and gender lines. Finally, estimation of contextual effects in all models is improved with hierarchical modeling techniques. Larger relative Black population size means more "race" in the local economy, and more "racial" inequality. This project asks the question: is more "race" good or bad for White and Black men and women at the individual level; whom does Black-White inequality help or hurt, and in what ways? I conclude that when the Black population is larger, Black-White inequality is more salient, and more important relative to class and gender inequality. A consistent set of models shows this pattern across labor market outcomes, and across gender and class groups -- as well as across variation in individual-level characteristics besides racial-ethnicity. Thus Black-White inequality again appears not only pervasive but also structural to the system of social stratification in the United States.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous effects of minimum wage on labor market outcomes: A case study from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enes Işık ◽  
Özgür Orhangazi ◽  
Hasan Tekgüç
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Minimum Wage Increase ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects

AbstractWe assess the effects of a sharp minimum wage increase on wages, informality, and employment in Turkey, a large developing economy with one of the highest minimum wage-to-average wage ratios among OECD countries and widespread discrepancies between labor market outcomes of women and of men. We look at the quasi-experimental 2016 minimum wage increase and pay attention to identifying information coming from demographic groups. We find that the increase in the minimum wage had an economically substantial and statistically significant positive impact on wages. Despite the positive wage effects of the increase, we find no negative employment effects. However, we show that the minimum wage increase may have caused an increase in the share of informal employment among workers with less than tertiary education, especially for such workers working for small firms.

scholarly journals Education and Labor Market Outcomes in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lan Joo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Private Tutoring ◽  
School Type ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Market Outcomes

The study examined the prevailing assumption of education’s role in labor market outcomes using samples from Korea's young adult population. KEEP, collected annually by KRIVET since 2004, includes an initial sample in 2004 of 12th graders from both general and vocational high schools; the sample size reflected a total of 2 000 students for each school type. In 2006, a similar sampling was taken with 11th graders from special-purposed high schools for study; the sample size reflected a total of 600 students. In this study, the respondents’ income-, social origin-, and education-related data were collected, and the multiple regression method was used to analyze the aforementioned data. The study examined the association between social origin and/or education and labor market outcomes, but given the prevalence of private tutoring in Korea, the study separated the examination of private tutoring recipients and compared their results to those of all general respondents. The findings revealed, against assumption, that the actual overall effect of education on income is weak, and there is no effect, especially, on private tutoring recipients. And if and when an association does exist, education appears to affect income negatively. On the other hand, social origin shows its statistical significance in its association with income across the groups; and among social origin components, the father’s educational level and employment type appear to be predictors.

Keeping Kids in School: The Long-Term Effects of Extending Compulsory Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-271
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. A. Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Years Of Schooling

This paper uses a natural experiment from Egypt to examine the effect of extending compulsory schooling on long-term educational and labor market outcomes. Beginning in school year 2004–05, the Egyptian government extended primary education from five to six years, moving from an eight-year compulsory schooling system to a nine-year system. Using a regression discontinuity design, I examine whether the compulsory schooling expansion affects years of schooling, literacy and cognitive skills, post-primary attendance, and labor market outcomes of individuals born just around the 1992 school entry cutoff. The results suggest that an extra year of compulsory education increases total years of schooling by 0.6 to 0.8 years. This effect, however, is concentrated among male individuals. In particular, I find that the school reform increases the schooling gap between male and female students by somewhere between 0.30 and 0.48 years. I also find no effect of expanding compulsory education on individuals’ literacy skills, schooling beyond the primary education level, or labor market outcomes. There is some evidence, however, that the school reform has improved reading and self-reported writing skills among male individuals.

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