scholarly journals A Study on the Effect of Soil and Sediment Types on the Fugacity Based Multimedia Partitioning of a Contact Fungicide Fluopyram: An Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level 1 Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thakur ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
K. Qanungo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level I ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Environmental Compartments ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level I calculations have been performed with Standard Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) environment to study the environmental partitioning of a fungicide Fluopyram. Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level I calculation assumes no degradation of the chemical, steady-state, and equilibrium conditions between the environmental compartments. The results reveal that the concentration of Fluopyram is expected to be maximum in the sediment compartment, followed by soil and water compartments. The effect of soil and sediment types on partitioning has been studied by systematically varying the densities of these two compartments. In the sediment compartment, the Fluopyram concentration is predicted to be highest if the sediment type is ‘sandy’ and the soil type is ‘clay’.

scholarly journals Distribution and density of Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 relate to sediment while reproduction shows multiple peaks per year in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 721-734
Author(s):  
Do Manh Hao ◽  
Do Trung Sy ◽  
Dao Thi Anh Tuyet ◽  
Le Minh Hiep ◽  
Nguyen Tien Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Bay ◽  
Benthic Substrate

AbstractLutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 is of great commercial interest, but its reserves have dramatically declined over recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need of scientific basis to propose effective fishery management measures and improve artificial aquaculture of the clam. In this study, we investigated the distribution and density of L. rhynchaena, sediment characteristics, and established the clam’s reproductive cycle through monthly observations from August 2017 to July 2018. The study results showed that distribution and density of clams are related to sediment types, and the sediment type of medium sand is likely the best benthic substrate for the clams. The spawning of clams occurred throughout the year with three spawning peaks in January, April and September. For the sustainable management of the clam resource in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, the fishery authorities can issue a ban on harvest of the clam in spawning peak months in January, April and September.

scholarly journals Response of stream ecosystem function and structure to sediment metal: Context-dependency and variation among endpoints

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Costello ◽  
G. Allen Burton
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Sediment Metals ◽  
Sediment Metal

Abstract Physicochemical and ecological attributes of ecosystems (i.e., environmental context) can modify the exposure and effects of metals, which presents a challenge for ecosystem management. Furthermore, the functional and structural attributes of an ecosystem may not respond equally to metals or be uniformly responsive to environmental context. We explored how physicochemical and ecological context modified sediment metal dose-response for a suite of functional and structural measures. Two sediments with high (HB) and low (LB) acid volatile sulfide and organic carbon content (i.e., physicochemical context) were amended with copper and nickel to establish a gradient of treatments from non-toxic to potentially toxic. Sediments were deployed in each of two streams (i.e., ecological context), incubated for four weeks, and measured for sediment microbe, biofilm, and macroinvertebrate dose-response to metal. The dose-response of microbial function was affected by physicochemical context, with cotton decomposition negatively related to sediment metal only on LB sediments. The abundance of invertebrates from the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) responded negatively to sediment metal only on LB sediments; however, this dose-response was only observed in one stream, likely because of greater abundance of sensitive EPT taxa (i.e., Baetidae and Ephemerellidae). Biofilm structure was negatively affected by sediment metal in only one stream and there was no difference in dose-response between the two sediment types. Biofilm function was affected by sediment type and stream; production by biofilms exposed to HB sediment was negatively related to sediment metal in only one stream. In all, the majority of our endpoints exhibited responses that were modified by environmental context; however, each component of the ecosystem exhibited unique context dependency. For management of sediment metals, an understanding of context dependency is useful for informed decision-making, but the application of simple contextual filters are unlikely to protect all elements of an ecosystem.

Seismic Quantitative Risk Assessment of Process Plants Through Monte Carlo Simulations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Alessandri ◽  
Antonio C. Caputo ◽  
Daniele Corritore ◽  
Renato Giannini ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Damage Propagation ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level I ◽  
Seismic Hazard Curve

This paper describes the application of Monte Carlo method for the quantitative seismic risk assessment (QSRA) of process plants. Starting from the seismic hazard curve of the site where the plant is located, the possible chains of accidents are modelled using a sequence of propagation levels in which Level 0 is represented by the components directly damaged by the earthquake whereas the subsequent Levels represent the resulting consequence propagation. In greater detail all units damaged by energy and materials releases from level 0 units are included in level 1 and so forth, so that referring to process units belonging to a generic i-th Level, they are damaged by level (i-1) units and damage units of level (i+1). The sequence of levels represents the damage propagation across the plant through any multiple interacting sequences of accidents. For each unit a damage (DM) - loss of containment (LOC) matrix is generated allowing to estimate the amount of energy and material releases as well as resulting physical effects based on which the scenario at i-th level is generated. The process stops when no further damage propagation is allowed.

Sedimentary provinces, and associated bedforms and benthos on the Scott Reef-Rowley Shoals platform off north-west Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McLoughlin ◽  
TLO Davis ◽  
TJ Ward
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
North West ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
High Carbonate

The distribution of sediment types on the Scott Reef-Rowley Shoals platform, a marginal plateau adjoining the continental shelf of north-west Australia, has been investigated. Sediments in this region are predominately muds, with a high carbonate content. Sands, which are scarce, are mainly composed of both benthic and pelagic skeletal remains, with any gravel-sized material consisting of relict molluscan debris and, occasionally, relict coralline material. Correlation of sediment type with sea-bed characteristics as determined from photographs of the bottom at the same site showed significant relationships between mean grain size, and degree of sediment rippling and benthic activity. Similar correlations were found for the skewness measure of the analysis of sediment grain-size frequency. It is concluded that sediment type bears strong relationships with benthic activity and bedform morphology. Correlations between sediment provinces and the distribution of Australian scampi (Metanephrops sp.), a relatively new fishery in the region, are discussed.

Does tranexamic acid really work in an urban US level I trauma center? A single level 1 trauma center’s experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Dixon ◽  
Brent Emigh ◽  
Kate Spitz ◽  
Pedro Teixeira ◽  
Ben Coopwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level I

Estimating acoustic attenuation from a quantitative seismic profiler

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Tyce
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Type ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Acoustic Attenuation ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
High Lateral Resolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Of Burial

Recent work has indicated that acoustic attenuation in marine sediments can be estimated from thin wedges of sediment by means of a quantitative seismic profiler. A capability for near‐bottom seismic profiling at 4 kHz has been developed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Marine Physical Laboratory and utilized to determine effective attenuation for several areas of the sea floor. As part of the deep‐tow instrumentation system of the Marine Physical Laboratory, this profiler provides very high lateral resolution. Real time computer displays of equivalent plane‐wave pressure and intensity for seismic profiles have been developed as part of this system. These displays are produced on a standard graphic recorder and can be employed directly to determine effective attenuation by plotting displayed equivalent intensity as a function of depth of burial for a reflector covered by a wedge of sediment. For pelagic sediments, values of about 0.25 dB/m at 4 kHz appear to be common. For the Southern California borderland, a wide range of sediment types is observed, with measured values of effective attenuation ranging from 0.21 to 0.63 dB/m. Highly calcareous (85 percent carbonate) sediments of the Carnegie ridge give quite low values, from 0.1 to 0.2 dB/m, with a suggestion of a rapid decrease in attenuation with depth. For nonbiogenous sediments, values of effective attenuation appear useful for predicting other physical properties such as grain size and porosity, as well as general sediment type, from established interrelations.

Mercury contaminations to the ambient air, soil and water compartments in the zinc smelting area in Weining County, Guizhou, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Xinbin Feng ◽  
Xiangyang Bi ◽  
Zhonggen Li ◽  
Guangle Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Zinc Smelting ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals Application of Neural Computing Methods for Interpreting Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Natural Microbial Communities

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Noble ◽  
Jonas S. Almeida ◽  
Charles R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Hidden Neurons

ABSTRACT The microbial community compositions of surface and subsurface marine sediments and sediments lining burrows of marine polychaetes and hemichordates from the North Inlet estuary (near Georgetown, S.C.) were analyzed by comparing ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles with a back-propagating neural network (NN). The NNs were trained to relate PLFA inputs to sediment type outputs (e.g., surface, subsurface, and burrow lining) and worm species (e.g., Notomastus lobatus, Balanoglossus aurantiacus, andBranchyoasychus americana). Sensitivity analysis was used to determine which of the 60 PLFAs significantly contributed to training the NN. The NN architecture was optimized by changing the number of hidden neurons and calculating the cross-validation error between predicted and actual outputs of training and test data. The optimal NN architecture was found to be four hidden neurons with 60-input neurons representing the 60 PLFAs, and four output neurons coding for both sediment types and worm species. Comparison of cross-validation results using NNs and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that NNs had significantly fewer incorrect classifications (2.7%) than LDA (8.4%). For the NN cross-validation, both sediment type and worm species had 3 incorrect classifications out of 112. For the LDA cross-validation, sediment type and worm species had 7 and 12 incorrect classifications out of 112, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the trained NNs revealed that 17 fatty acids explained 50% of variability in the data set. These PLFAs were highly different among sediments and burrow types, indicating significant differences in the microbiota.

scholarly journals Diversity and ecology of Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arafura Sea, northern Australia

Zoosymposia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
SHONA A. HOCKNULL ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. GLASBY
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Arafura Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unit Depth ◽  
Sand And Gravel

This study identifies to species or species units 572 lots (>1000 specimens) of pilargids from six localities in the Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria (including the ports at Gove and McArthur River). We analyze the taxonomic data against geomorphic unit, depth, and sediment type. Preliminary results show that pilargid fauna of northern Australia comprises 13 species in seven genera (Ancistrosyllis, Cabira, Litocorsa, Loandalia, Pilargis, Sigambra, and Synelmis). Although all four localities have a similar diversity of species (six or seven species each), the species composition differs between each region: Litocorsa annamita and Synelmis rigida were found in all sediment types in the Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria; Ancistrosyllis cf. hartmanae (mud and sand dominated sediments only) and Sigambra pettiboneae (all sediment types) were restricted to the inshore localities of Gove and McArthur River; Loandalia gladstonensis and Sigambra sp. 2 were found on the shelf and in the inshore habitats of the Gulf of Carpentaria only; Litocorsa sp. ‘arafura’, Sigambra sp. ‘arafura’ and Synelmis gibbsi were found only in the Arafura Sea, with sediments dominated by sand and gravel; and Cabira sp. 1 and Sigambra cf. tentaculata were found at all locations, in all sediment types. Based on these distribution patterns and the Recent Quaternary geological history of the area, hypotheses of post-glacial colonization of the Gulf of Carpentaria are presented. The pilargid species composition in northern Australia is also compared to neighboring Indo-west Pacific regions.

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