Consideration and Application of Evaluation Indicators of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (CES) for the Utilization of Woody Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Li ◽  
Toru Matsumoto ◽  
Atsushi Fujiyama
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Supply Potential ◽  
Forecasting System

The “Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere” takes advantage of the SDGs’ concept of integrated solutions to numerous concerns, complementing and supporting resources based on the region’s features while maximizing the utilization of local resources. This research makes a comprehensive evaluation of the three aspects of the environment, economy, and society. First, formulate the evaluation indicators of the regional circulation symbiosis zone. Then, choose the cutting conditions of trees according to geographical factors, use the thinning forecasting system and forest GIS data to evaluate the supply potential of thinned wood in the area, and calculate the heat and power generation of wood biomass. According to the above analysis and calculation, 12,000 tons of unused wood chips can be supplied per year for 36 years from 2016 to 2051. From the economic point of view, the purchase of wood chips of 146 million yen due to the local circulation of wood fuel is expected to save about 50 million yen in intermediate input. And it is estimated that if 12,000 tons of unused wood chips can be supplied in the city per year, and about 98.4 million yen can be saved annually. Finally, from a social perspective point of view, biomass power generation of unused thinned timber using materials worth about 146 million yen is expected to create about 20 jobs.

A Thermoeconomic Comparison Between SOFC Hybrid Systems and the Most Worldwide Used Technologies Towards Competitive Innovative Plants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Franzoni ◽  
L. Magistri ◽  
O. Tarnowsky ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Large Size

This paper investigates options for highly efficient SOFC hybrid systems of different sizes. For this purpose different models of pressurised SOFC hybrids systems have been developed in the framework of the European Project “LARGE SOFC - Towards a Large SOFC Power Plant”. This project, coordinated by VTT Finland, counts numerous industrial partners such as Wartsila, Topsoe and Rolls-Royce FCS ltd. Starting from the RRFCS Hybrid System [1], considered as the reference case, several plant modifications have been investigated in order to improve the thermodynamic efficiency. The main options considered are (i) the integration of a recuperated micro gas turbine and (ii) the replacement of the cathodic ejector with a blower. The plant layouts are analysed in order to define the optimum solution in terms of operating parameters and thermodynamic performances. The study of a large size power plant (around 110 MWe) fed by coal and incorporated with SOFC hybrid systems is also conducted. The aim of this study is to analyse the sustainability of an Integrated Gasification Hybrid System from the thermodynamic and economic point of view in the frame of future large sized power generation. A complete thermoeconomic analysis of the most promising plants is carried out, taking into account variable and capital costs of the systems. The designed systems are compared from the thermodynamic and the thermoeconomic point of view with some of the common technologies used for distributed generation (gas turbines and reciprocating engines) and large size power generation (combined cycles and IGCC). The tool used for this analysis is WTEMP software, developed by the University of Genoa (DIMSET-TPG) [2], able to carry out a detailed thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the whole plants.

Model of a Coal Fired IGCC Process With Hydrogen Membrane Reactor and Capture of CO2

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Sander ◽  
Roland Span
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydrogen Permeability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Selective Membrane

A drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can only be achieved if CO2 capture will be introduced to fossil fueled power plants. Since CO2 capture lowers the efficiency of the overall power cycle tremendously, technologies have to be developed which reduce the loss in efficiency as much as possible. Due to the resources of fossil fuels, coal will still play an important role in future power generation processes. Especially, the emerging and developing countries such as India and China are already using an enormous amount of coal for power production. In this work, an IGCC process with an integrated H2-selective membrane has been investigated to substitute the CO2 capture unit by such a membrane reactor. Hydrogen-selective membranes have been studied intensively in combination with power generation processes [22, 23]. Palladium has been considered as membrane material in the present study. Due to its catalytic surface, high hydrogen permeability, and infinite hydrogen selectivity palladium and Pd-based alloys show a high potential for hydrogen separation [24, 25, 26]. The investigation has shown that the advantage of the H2-selective membrane reactor, it uses nitrogen as sweep gas on the permeate side of the membrane reactor, cannot defeat the existing drawbacks of the process layout: small mass flow rate through the gas turbine (and consequently through the HRSG) and higher energy requirements for oxygen production and CO2 compression, respectively. The net efficiency of the investigated IGCC process with integrated hydrogen-selective membrane reactor and capture of CO2 is compared with other IGCC concepts — with and without CO2 capture. The net efficiency of the overall process is 34.30%, which is about 3%-points lower compared to an IGCC process with chemical absorption and cryogenic ASU. Moreover, in comparison with an IGCC process with integrated OTM reactor and CO2 capture the efficiency is 1.7 percentage points lower than that of the process option with the lowest efficiency. Although no cost evaluation has been carried out, it can be assumed that hydrogen-selective membrane reactor would increase the capital cost of the overall IGCC process. The results indicate that the IGCC process with integrated hydrogen-selective membrane reactor and CO2 capture is less attractive from the thermodynamic point of view but also from a thermo-economic point of view.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

Bleak Weather for Sun-Shine AG: A Case Study of Impairment of Assets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Detzen ◽  
Tobias Stork genannt Wersborg ◽  
Henning Zülch
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Instructional Resource

ABSTRACT This case originates from a real-life business situation and illustrates the application of impairment tests in accordance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP. In the first part of the case study, students examine conceptual questions of impairment tests under IFRS and U.S. GAAP with respect to applicable accounting standards, definitions, value concepts, and frequency of application. In addition, the case encourages students to discuss the impairment regime from an economic point of view. The second part of the instructional resource continues to provide instructors with the flexibility of applying U.S. GAAP and/or IFRS when students are asked to test a long-lived asset for impairment and, if necessary, allocate any potential impairment. This latter part demonstrates that impairment tests require professional judgment that students are to exercise in the case.

The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research

This chapter presents an overview of how D&I research can be evaluated from an economic point of view. Dissemination and implementation imposes costs upon knowledge purveyors, provider organizations, public health organizations, and payers (including governments). However, whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, perhaps more importantly, client outcomes and improvements in population health remain as open questions. If emerging studies reveal that defined implementation strategies are more cost effective than “usual” implementation, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added costs of implementation in order to assure the success and sustainability of high-quality health services over the long term.

scholarly journals The “Zero Miles Product” Concept Applied to Biofuel Production: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Kaae Kirk ◽  
Clara Navarrete ◽  
Jakob Ellegaard Juhl ◽  
José Luis Martínez ◽  
Alessandra Procentese
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
High Sugar Content

To make biofuel production feasible from an economic point of view, several studies have investigated the main associated bottlenecks of the whole production process through approaches such as the “cradle to grave” approach or the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, being the main constrains the feedstock collection and transport. Whilst several feedstocks are interesting because of their high sugar content, very few of them are available all year around and moreover do not require high transportation’ costs. This work aims to investigate if the “zero miles” concept could bring advantages to biofuel production by decreasing all the associated transport costs on a locally established production platform. In particular, a specific case study applied to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) campus is used as example to investigate the advantages and feasibility of using the spent coffee grounds generated at the main cafeteria for the production of bioethanol on site, which can be subsequently used to (partially) cover the campus’ energy demands.

scholarly journals A Reliability Based Model for Wind Turbine Selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Rajeevan ◽  
P.V. Shouri ◽  
Usha Nair
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Wind Turbine Generator ◽  
A Site

A wind turbine generator output at a specific site depends on many factors, particularly cut- in, rated and cut-out wind speed parameters. Hence power output varies from turbine to turbine. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical relationship between reliability and wind power generation. The analytical computation of monthly wind power is obtained from weibull statistical model using cubic mean cube root of wind speed. Reliability calculation is based on failure probability analysis. There are many different types of wind turbinescommercially available in the market. From reliability point of view, to get optimum reliability in power generation, it is desirable to select a wind turbine generator which is best suited for a site. The mathematical relationship developed in this paper can be used for site-matching turbine selection in reliability point of view.

scholarly journals Comparison between Concentrated Solar Power and Gas-Based Generation in Terms of Economic and Flexibility-Related Aspects in Chile

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Catalina Hernández Moris ◽  
Maria Teresa Cerda Guevara ◽  
Alois Salmon ◽  
Alvaro Lorca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Cost Of Energy

The energy sector in Chile demands a significant increase in renewable energy sources in the near future, and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies are becoming increasingly competitive as compared to natural gas plants. Motivated by this, this paper presents a comparison between solar technologies such as hybrid plants and natural gas-based thermal technologies, as both technologies share several characteristics that are comparable and beneficial for the power grid. This comparison is made from an economic point of view using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) metric and in terms of the systemic benefits related to flexibility, which is very much required due to the current decarbonization scenario of Chile’s energy matrix. The results show that the LCOE of the four hybrid plant models studied is lower than the LCOE of the gas plant. A solar hybrid plant configuration composed of a photovoltaic and solar tower plant (STP) with 13 h of storage and without generation restrictions has an LCOE 53 USD/MWh, while the natural gas technology evaluated with an 85% plant factor and a variable fuel cost of 2.0 USD/MMBtu has an LCOE of 86 USD/MWh. Thus, solar hybrid plants under a particular set of conditions are shown to be more cost-effective than their closest competitor for the Chilean grid while still providing significant dispatchability and flexibility.

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