scholarly journals Investigation of Some Physical Properties of Two Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Olufemi Adeyemi ADETOLA ◽  
Oluwatusin Seun ADENIYI ◽  
Deji Lawrence AKINDAHUNSI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agricultural Materials

Physical properties of agricultural materials are essential in the development of machineries, equipment and devices. In this research, forty sample each of two unique varieties namely Jewel-orange flesh sweet potatoes (JOFSP) and Oriental-purple flesh sweet potatoes (OPFSP) physical properties were determined using standard methods and equations. The results show that JOFSP gave the mean length (110.68±24.59 mm), width(61.40±8.09 mm), geometric mean (39.72±8.19 mm), volume (187.78±73.85 ml), surface area (4950.00±203.32 mm2) and roundness (1.81±0.50) which were of higher values compared to that of OPFSP which gave the length (68.46±10.16 mm), width (59.32±5.82 mm), geometric mean (36.32±3.90 mm), volume (137.83±10.97 ml), surface area (4320.20±98.00 mm2) and roundness (1.41±0.30) respectively. JOFSP gave moisture content, thickness, mass, sphericity and true density of 58.00±10.17 %, 37.60±7.17 mm, 202.87±65.12 g, 0.35±0.08, and 1.17±0.27 g cm-3 which were of lower values compared to that of OPFSP which gave 79.32±3.84 %, 45.94±9.04 mm, 271.87±15.72 g, 0.53±0.08, and 1.89±0.14 g cm-3 for OPFSP respectively. The mean of the angle of repose and the static coefficient of friction considered for the three-separate surfaces namely plywood (9.35±2.87°, 0.17±0.05), stainless steel (8.50±3.50°,0.15±0.05) and galvanized steel (8.30±3.20°) of lower values for JOFSP compared to that of plywood which gave (11.80±2.25°, 0.21±0.04), stainless steel (9.90±2.02°, 0.19±0.05), galvanized steel (10.90±2.28°) for OPFSP while the coefficient static of friction of stainless steel for JOFSP gave a higher value of 0.20±0.13 compared to that of 0.17±0.04 for OPFSP respectively. These findings provide engineers with valuable information for designing different handling, grading, and drying systems for industrial processing.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Study of Physical Properties of Zea mays in the Development of Seed Metering Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay A.,
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Mean Values

The physical properties of seeds are very important to optimize the design parameters of various agricultural equipment used in their production, handling, and storage processes. Determination and use of these properties are also essential for the development of optimum seed metering mechanism and also in the design of a hopper for a planter for precise sowing of seeds. Physical properties such as length, surface area, breadth, roundness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, angle of repose, and coefficient of friction were determined for the development of the seed metering unit. The physical properties of seeds were calculated initially. Three varieties of maize seed Rasi-3033, NMH-589, and KMH-2589. The mean values of seed length, width, thickness, sphericity, geometric mean diameter, surface area, bulk density, coefficient of static friction, angle of repose, and thousand kernel weight were 11.00 mm, 7.75 mm, 4.58 mm, 0.65, 7.09 mm, 158.14 mm2, 746.4 kg m-3, 0.60, 28.17o and 0.23 kg, respectively. These properties were used in the development of efficient planter components to work effectively

Effect of Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Fibered Flaxseed

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Li-jun Wang ◽  
Zhi-gang Huang ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical properties of fibered flaxseed were investigated within moisture content varying from 6.21 to 16.29%. The length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter increased from 4.20 to 4.44mm, 1.99 to 2.13mm, 0.91 to 0.95mm, and 1.95 to 2.06mm, respectively in the moisture content range. One thousand seed weight increased linearly from 4.22 to 4.62g. The bulk density decreased from 726.783 to 611.872kg/m3, while the true density increased from 1165.265 to 1289.341kg/m3 in the moisture content range. The porosity values of flaxseed increased linearly from 37.67 to 52.54%. The highest static coefficient of friction was found on the plywood surface, while the lowest on the stainless steel surface. The static coefficient of friction increased from 0.467 to 0.972, 0.442 to 0.864, 0.492 to 0.927, and 0.490 to 0.845 for plywood, stainless steel, aluminum sheet and galvanized iron, respectively. The angle of repose increased linearly from 25.7° to 33.8° in the moisture content range. The results are necessary for design of equipment to handling, transportation, processing, and the storage of flaxseed.

Some physical properties of ginkgo nuts and kernels

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Ch'ng ◽  
M.H.R.O. Abdullah ◽  
E.J. Mathai ◽  
N.A. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
True Density ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
Ratio Unit

Abstract Some data of the physical properties of ginkgo nuts at a moisture content of 45.53% (±2.07) (wet basis) and of their kernels at 60.13% (± 2.00) (wet basis) are presented in this paper. It consists of the estimation of the mean length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, unit mass, surface area, volume, true density, bulk density, and porosity measures. The coefficient of static friction for nuts and kernels was determined by using plywood, glass, rubber, and galvanized steel sheet. The data are essential in the field of food engineering especially dealing with design and development of machines, and equipment for processing and handling agriculture products.

scholarly journals The Volumetrical, Geometrical and Frictional Properties of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Ebubekir Altuntaş
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Mulberry Fruits ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction

The volumetrical, geometrical and frictional properties of white mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) determined at a moisture content of 13.89% (d.b.). The mean values of the fruit mass, porosity, fruit volume, fruit and bulk densities values of white mulberry fruits were found as 1.06 g, 75.3%, 0.53 cm3, 1911.7 kg/m3 and 454.0 kg/m3, respectively. The mean values of the surface area, sphericity and geometric mean diameter and were 4.16 cm2, 71.02% and 11.5 mm, respectively. The angle of repose of the white mulberry fruits was found as 22.1 and also, the mean values of dynamic and static coefficient of friction against plywood, chipboard, galvanized steel, rubber and mild steel surfaces were determined and the highest dynamic and static coefficients of friction values of white mulberry fruits were found for rubber surface.

Selected Some Engineering Properties of Peanut and Its Kernel

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Dilmac ◽  
Ebubekir Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Selected some engineering (geometric, volumetric and frictional) properties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its kernel were determined at a moisture content of 8.25% and 10.03% (dry basis), respectively. The mean values of length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter were 40.73 mm, 17.52 mm , 15.61 mm, 22.46 mm for peanut, and 21.08 mm, 10.22 mm, 10.89 mm, 13.22 mm for its kernel, respectively. The sphericity, bulk and true densities, angle of repose, porosity, surface area, mass and volume values were obtained for peanut and its kernel, respectively. The mean values of static and dynamic coefficient of friction against galvanized steel, chipboard and plywood surfaces were determined. The maximum static and dynamic coefficients of friction were found for plywood and galvanized steel surfaces for peanut and its kernel, respectively.

Physical properties of psyllium seed

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmadi ◽  
A. Kalbasi-Ashtari ◽  
S. Gharibzahedi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Dynamic Friction ◽  
True Density ◽  
Friction Coefficients

Physical properties of psyllium seed Physical properties ie dimensions, volume, surface area, sphericity, true density, porosity, angle of repose, terminal velocity, static and dynamic friction coefficients on plywood, stainless steel, glass and galvanized iron sheet, force required for initiating seed rupture in horizontal and vertical orientations of psyllium seed at a moisture content of 7.2% (w.b.)were determined.

scholarly journals MEMPELAJARI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BIJI KAKAO (Theobrema cacao L.) PADA SUHU PENGERINGAN YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Sri Waluyo ◽  
Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Nikita Permatahati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Drying Temperature

Drying is a common process step for agricultural grain products for ease of handling and to achieve the desired quality levels. One of the commodities that have high economic value produced by farmers in Lampung Province is cocoa beans. The drying process may change the physical properties of the cocoa beans and affect the processing of cocoa beans at a later stage. This study aims to determine the effect of drying temperature on changes in the physical properties of cocoa beans such as dimension, volume, weight, surface area, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, and angle of repose. This research was applied to fresh non-fermented cocoa beans in testing. The cocoa beans were dried at temperatures of 40, 50 or 60oC. The research data were then statistically tested using paired sample T-Test at the 95% level to determine whether there is any effect of drying temperature on changes in its physical properties. The results showed a significant effect of drying temperature on weight, volume, geometric mean diameter (Dg), surface area, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose of cocoa beans. Meanwhile, the sphericity and true density parameters did not significantly change. Keywords: cocoa beans, drying, physical properties

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Polat ◽  
S. Tarhan ◽  
M. Çetin ◽  
U. Atay
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Mean Diameter

Technical information and data on the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural and animal products are necessary to design various equipments for agriculture and industry. In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their <i>X</i> and <i>Z</i>-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1.10, 359.17 mm<sup>3</sup>, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surfaces of plywood, glass, galvanized steel and fibreglass were 0.301, 0.282, 0.274 and 0.266, respectively. The highest rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. Compression along the <i>Z</i>-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggs as compared to the other compression axes. Rupture force, deformation, absorbed energy and toughness for the <i>X</i>-front axis were determined to be 10.51 N, 1.5 mm, 7.88 Nmm and 0.219 Mj/mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.

scholarly journals Prediction of Physical Parameters of Pumpkin Seeds Using Neural Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunyamin DEMIR ◽  
Ikbal ESKI ◽  
Zeynel A. KUS ◽  
Sezai ERCISLI
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The design of the machines and equipment used in harvest and post-harvest processing should be compatible with the physical, mechanical and rheological characteristics of the fruits and vegetables. In machine design for agricultural products, several characteristics of relevant products and seeds should be known ahead. Designers can either measure all these design parameters one by one, or they may use intelligent systems to estimate such parameters. Neural networks (NNs) are new computational tools that provide a quick and accurate means of physical properties prediction of agricultural materials, and have been shown to perform well in comparison with traditional methods. In this research, some physical properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds, including linear dimensions, volume, surface and projected area, geometric mean diameter and sphericity were calculated tridimensional in lab conditions. Then, prediction of these parameters was carried out using NNs. The research was divided into two parts; experimental investigation and simulation analysis with NNs. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) structures were employed to estimate physical parameters of the pumpkin seeds. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 0.6875 for BPNN and 0.0025 for RBNN structures. The RBNN structure was superior in prediction and could be used as an alternative approach to conventional methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document