scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PRODUCE WATER FROM EBEDEI FLOW PLANT STATION, DELTA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Q. UMUDI ◽  
K. J. AWATEFE ◽  
J. IGBORGBOR
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nickel Lead

Produce water from Ebedei flow station (Delta State) at three points was analysed. Discharged point (A), midstream (B) and downstream (C) were a mile apart. The metal concentration of iron, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead and manganese were carried out using standard methods. Lead levels at discharged point and down stream were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits. The polynuclear Aromatic hydrocarbon were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total PAHs of sample (A) was 3.63ppm, (B) 52.05 and (C) 59.50 ppm respectively. The pH were within WHO limits of 8.10 and 8.20, conductivity in μs/cm was 20.10 and28.10 within acceptable range. Chloride was between 8, 130.00ppm and 22, 131.53 ppm higher than WHO and effluent discharge limits, while turbidity was between 46ppm-60ppm which was also higher. Hence there is need for holistic monitoring and remediation of produce water in the environment.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF ASPIRIN AND (SALICYLIC ACID AND HEAVY METALS AS IMPURATIES) IN IRAQI’S MARKET ASPIRIN TABLETS USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi Saeed ◽  
Mohammed Jassim Hamzah ◽  
Noor Qasim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hplc Separation ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Good Agreement

Objective: Easy and precise methods were developed for estimation of aspirin (ASP), impurities from such as salicylic acid (SAL) and heavy metal ions (HMI) in ASP tablets that available in the Iraqi’s market using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–VIS spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS).Methods: HPLC separation was carried out using C18 as stationary phase and acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of (10: 90 v/v) as a mobile phase for HPLC method and as a solvent for UV-VIS spectrophotometric for quantitative ASP and SAL at 254 nm for HPLC, 226 and 296 nm for UV measurements. AAS was used for HMI determination.Results: ASP and SAL gave absorbance maxima at 226 and 296 nm in ACN: H2O solvent. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.05-20 for ASP and 0.02-8 µg/ml for SAL. Correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9996 and 0.9992 for ASP and SAL respectively, for HPLC and LOD value was 0.006 for ASP and 0.004 μg/ml for SAL. The % recovery for the developed method was found to be in the range of (98.80 to 101.26%) and (98.67 to 103.33%) for ASP and SAL respectively, within the acceptable range, that approved by world health organization (WHO).Conclusion: The proposed method can help research studies, quality control and routine analysis with lesser resources available. The results of the assay of pharmaceutical formulation of the developed method are highly reliable and reproducible and is in good agreement with the label claim of the medicines.

Eco-Friendly On-Site Water Analyses for Ultra-Trace Harmful Ions

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
Yukiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ultra Trace ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Analytical Time

Governments in developed countries specify water quality standards to be applied in their own countries. Recently the allowance values of harmful metals are getting tighter for environmental water and industrial wastewater throughout the world. For example, World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the criterion value of 3 ppb for cadmium for protection of human health, furthermore, governments of some countries provide the wastewater standard for zinc for conservation of aquatic life. High-performance analytical instruments such as AAS, ICP, and ICP-MS have been employed as official analytical methods of ultra-trace elements. Besides the costly initial and running expenses and the material and energy consuming of the instruments, specific technical skills and long analytical time are required for sample pre-treatment. Therefore, simple yet highly sensitive and eco-friendly on-site methods have been demanded for quick judgment of industrial and environmental water in developed countries as well as evaluation of drinking water in developing countries.

scholarly journals Quality of antimalarials in Kinshasa peri-urban areas with regard to local pharmaceutical legislation and regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Don Jethro Mavungu Landu ◽  
Michel Frédérich ◽  
Joseph Manzambi Kuwekita ◽  
Christian Bongo-Pasi Nswe ◽  
J K Mbinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Health Commodities

Abstract Background In the context of old pharmaceutical legislation and regulations not adapted to current realities, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the existing pharmaceutical system in peri-urban areas of Kinshasa. Methods A prospective study was carried out during the period 2016–2018. The most used antimalarial medicines were identified through household and pharmaceutical establishment surveys. The samples of the obtained medicines were assayed with generic separation methods using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled to a diode array detector. The registration status was checked for 126 antimalarial brand names. A characterization was carried out in 196 pharmaceutical establishments on the basis of standards set out by the Ministry of Health. Results Of the 75 samples assayed, 19% (14/75) were non-compliant. Of the 124 brand names, 46.0% (57/124) were unlicensed and 14.5% (18/124) had an expired licence. Of the 196 pharmaceutical establishments, only 2 (1.0%) had an authorization to practice, none met all the Ministry of Health minimum standards and 24.5% (48/196) met the World Health Organization Guidelines for the Storage of Essential Medicines and Other Health Commodities. Conclusions More resources should be mobilized to apply regulator sanctions.

Arsenic-hypertolerant and arsenic-reducing bacteria isolated from wells in Tucumán, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maizel ◽  
Pilar Balverdi ◽  
Barry Rosen ◽  
Adriana M. Sales ◽  
Marcela A. Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Anions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Village

Arsenic-hypertolerant bacteria were isolated from arsenic-contaminated well water from the village of Los Pereyra in Tucumán province, Argentina. Microorganisms that biotransform arsenic are a major factor in arsenic mobilization in contaminated aquifers. Groundwater analyses showed a level of arsenic contamination (mean concentration of 978 μg·L−1) that exceeds the safe drinking water limit of 10 μg·L−1recommended by the World Health Organization and the Argentine Food Code. There was considerable spatial variability in the concentration of arsenic in each of the wells analyzed and in the distribution of the major anions HCO3–, SO42–, and Cl–. Eighteen bacterial strains were characterized. Six strains belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum were able to grow in media with 20 mmol·L–1As(III) or 200 mmol·L–1As(V) and were also highly resistant to Cr, Cd, and Cu. Their ability to biotransform arsenic was examined by speciation of the products by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, two strains, Brevibacterium sp. strain AE038-4 and Microbacterium sp. strain AE038-20, were capable of aerobic arsenate reduction, which suggests that these strains could increase the mobility of arsenic by formation of more mobile As(III).

scholarly journals Occupational lead toxicity in Craft Potters

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Chaouali ◽  
◽  
Anouar Nouioui ◽  
Manel Aouard ◽  
Dorra Amira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Level ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Health Organization

Lead intoxication risks were studied in a community of ceramic folk art workers in Nabeul (Tunisia),where the manufacture of low temperature lead ceramic ware is a family tradition and often the only source of income. Data onlifestyle, working conditions and clinical disorders were collected from workers.31 potters working in five different workshopswere included in this study. Blood lead levels wereanalyzed by graphite furnaceatomic absorption spectrometry.Blood lead levels ranged from 40 to 540 μg/L, with a mean of 220.3 μg/L. 42 percent of potters had a blood lead level over 200 μg/L and 13 % over 400 μg/L,which is over the World Health Organization guidelinesfor removingworkersfrom exposure,as this is the concentration over which renal damage is accelerated.In the community of ceramic folk art workers living in north-eastern Tunisia, blood lead concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05).Our findings showedthat the use of lead-oxide glaze can increase the risk ofleadtoxicity and reiterate the needfor strict guidelines regarding the useof lead in pottery and replacing it by lead free paints.

scholarly journals High-performance Cardiovascular Medicine: Artificial Intelligence for Coronary Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M.K.K.M.B. Herath ◽  
G.M.K.B. Karunasena ◽  
H.D.N.S. Priyankara ◽  
B.G.D.A. Madhusanka
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is identified as the leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 17.9 million people are dying due to cardiovascular disease, which is an estimation of 31% of all deaths worldwide. CVDs are generally affecting the heart and blood vessels in the human body. Since healthcare is an essential factor for a country and its economy, researchers are looking for solutions to predict disease before getting into serious problems. This research introduces a method to development of an algorithm to predict coronary artery disease based on artificial intelligence. The algorithm was tested with 72 random subjects, which covered 11 attributes such as age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activities. According to the results, the prediction accuracy of the system was 81.62% at 0.879 precision.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Portable Device to Quantify Vitamin A in Fortified Foods (Flour, Sugar, and Milk) for Quality Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Regina Moench-Pfanner ◽  
Laura Fontan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Good Determination ◽  
Health Organization

Background Simple-to-use quantitative methods are needed to check the adequacy of vitamin A fortification levels. Objective To assess the capacity of a portable fluorometer (iCheck FLUORO) and its test kit vials (iEx Mila) to quantify retinyl palmitate in fortified milks, flours (wheat, maize), and sugar. Methods The portable fluorometer was assessed in a three-step procedure to determine its working range and linearity, intra-assay precision, and interperson precision. Measurements were compared with the results obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), commonly regarded as the standard method for vitamin A analysis. Results The portable fluorometer (iCheck FLUORO) and its test kit vials (iEx Mila) precisely determined the vitamin A contents in fortified flours, sugar, and milks. Its working range was 1 to 10, 0.5 to 3.0, and 5 to 15 mg retinol equivalents (RE) kg−1 for flours (wheat and corn), milks, and sugar, respectively; these values are in accordance with the World Health Organization recommendations for food fortification in least developed countries. The limits of detection are higher than those of HPLC but are all satisfactory (< 1.46 mg RE kg−1). The coefficients of variation within and between observers were satisfactory, especially for sugar and milk. Conclusions The linear relationship between the data from the portable fluorometer and the HPLC data confirms that the portable fluorometer provides a good determination of the vitamin A content of the fortified products in the tested range.

scholarly journals Comparing Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin Given Twice or Three Times per Day to Children Older than 3 Months with Pneumonia

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Fonseca ◽  
Kalle Hoppu ◽  
Luís C. Rey ◽  
João Amaral ◽  
Shamim Qazi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
World Health ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Oral Amoxicillin ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Body Weight Dose

ABSTRACT For children with ambulatory pneumonia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/dose) thrice daily (t.i.d.) or oral cotrimoxazole (4 mg of trimethoprim/kg/dose) twice daily (b.i.d.). The more frequent amoxicillin dosing may lead to compliance problems. To compare the pharmacokinetics and levels of amoxicillin in plasma in the current WHO acute respiratory infection recommendations with the 25-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. regimen, we performed a two-group parallel study of 66 children ages 3 to 59 months with pneumonia. Amoxicillin was given orally at 25 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. or 15 mg/kg/dose t.i.d. Amoxicillin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after the first dose on days 1 and 3. After the first dose on day 1, the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for amoxicillin after the 25-mg/kg dose was 54.7 versus 24.9 μg · h/ml after the 15-mg/kg dose. After the first dose on day 3, the mean AUC was 44.1 versus 28.5 μg · h/ml. All but two children had plasma amoxicillin concentrations above 0.5 μg/ml for >50% of the dose interval on both days. Six children on day 1 and five children on day 3 had concentrations above 1.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval. On day 1, 16 of 27 children in the b.i.d. group and 11 of 26 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval, and on day 3, 18 of 31 children in the b.i.d. group and 8 of 31 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval. Amoxicillin b.i.d. is a feasible alternative for t.i.d. dosing. To lengthen the time above the MIC at higher concentration levels, a 30- to 40-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. should be considered instead of the 25 mg/kg/dose used in this study.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES IN MONITORING AND CONTROLLING GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
VANDAMME S SUTNGA ◽  
RAJESH R
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Genotoxic Impurities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Genotoxic impurities (GIs) are chemical agents that have a DNA-interaction characteristic which can ultimately lead to cancer. Their presence in various drug substances had driven various regulatory authorities to guide monitor, control, and to limit their level in various drug products. The objective of this article is to review the analytical approaches and challenges faced while accessing, monitoring, and controlling GIs in pharmaceuticals and also a brief explanation such as low limits of GIs, matrix interference, non-volatility, and environmental conditions encountered during the analysis of GIs are also discussed in this paper. At present, several modern analytical techniques are being used for the analysis of GIs such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy that have high selectivity and sensitivity, but at the same time, many researchers have reported several challenges while using these techniques. Impacts of GIs are very important and various international organizations such as the World Health Organization have set out rules for regulating these chemicals. Hence, we can conclude that analytical approaches and their challenges are essential to understand because they play a key role to develop robust analytical methods.

Effects of Dietary 5′-CMP on Neu5Gc Contents in the Muscle and Viscera of Xiang Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
HONGYING LI ◽  
QIUJIN ZHU ◽  
RUI CHANG ◽  
KE HU ◽  
XULING ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT In order to reduce the health risks associated with red meat as listed by the World Health Organization, the work presented in this article aimed to elucidate the interaction between 5′-CMP–supplemented feed and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in experimental animals in vivo. 5′-CMP was added to the diet of 90-, 180-, and 270-day-old Xiang pigs, and after 30 days, the Neu5Gc contents, physicochemical parameters, and free amino acid contents of muscle and internal viscera were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. The mechanism by which 5′-CMP affects Neu5Gc contents was investigated using molecular docking. Results show that 5′-CMP significantly decreased the Neu5Gc content in 180-day-old Xiang pigs (P &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the Neu5Gc contents in 90- and 270-day-old Xiang pigs. Umami amino acids were significantly increased in 180-day-old Xiang pigs. In the 90- and 270-day-old pigs, histidine increased by 10.38 and 17.87%, respectively. The other free amino acids were either reduced or not affected. Moreover, the 5′-CMP–supplemented diet did not affect the physicochemical parameters of the longissimus muscle in the Xiang pigs. 5′-CMP could occupy almost all the sialyltransferase active-site residues but not His302 and showed inhibition of the sialyltransferase activity. The results provided an experimental basis for the subsequent reduction of Neu5Gc in red meat before slaughter. HIGHLIGHTS

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