scholarly journals The use of magnetic reagent clarification of drinking water tointensifywater treatment processes

Author(s):  
И.А. Голубев ◽  
И.К. Супрун

Одной из актуальных задач, связанных с улучшением здоровья населения, является возможность потребления воды, по показателям качества, соответствующей нормативам на питьевую воду. Вместе с тем, по данным ВОЗ только 1% воды из источников питьевого и рыбохозяйственного назначения на Земле пригоден для использования без предварительной подготовки. Во всех остальных случаях очистка воды, включающая её обеззараживание, просто необходима. В зависимости от физико-химического состава воды и её микробиологических загрязнений выбирается та или иная технология водоподготовки.Цель работы.В этой связи, на объектах водоподготовки всё более необходимым является включение в технологическую схему новых инновационных решений, которые не предусматривают полную реконструкцию существующих систем, а позволяют эффективно модернизировать уже имеющиеся. Одним из наиболее перспективных решений в этом направлении могло бы явиться применение методов обработки воды магнитно-реагентным способом.Методы исследования.Предложена технология магнитно-реагентной обработки воды, позволяющая интенсифицировать этап реагентного осветления, без существенных затрат на реконструкцию объекта. Опытные испытания на станции водоподготовки позволили установить, что магнитная обработка увеличивает скорость коагуляции взвесей, снижает требуемое время пребывания воды в осветлителе, сокращает расход реагентов на 25-30%.Результаты работы.В статье рассмотрена основная проблема классической системы водоподготовки, связанная с большим расходом реагентов и необходимостью систематического подбора оптимальной дозировки под изменяющиеся параметры среды. Показано, что предлагаемая технология может рассматриваться как в качестве модернизации существующих станций водоподготовки работающих по типовой схеме, так и при проектировании новых объектов. Вне зависимости от сложности применяемых для очистки поверхностных вод технологий в начальной стадии очистки, как правило, используется метод отстаивания, осуществляемый путем введения в воду коагулирующих реагентов для формирования флокул, в которые входят извлекаемые из воды загрязнения. Несмотря на высокую эффективность, применение данного метода сопряжено, как с расходом дорогостоящих реагентов, так и с необходимостью осуществления постоянного контроля за их дозировками, что объясняется непрерывными изменениями показателей качества поверхностных вод по сезонам года One of the urgent tasks associated with improving public health is the possibility of water consumption, in terms of quality, consistent with drinking water standards. At the same time, according to WHO, only 1% of water from drinking and fishery sources on Earth is suitable for use without prior preparation. In all other cases, water treatment, including its disinfection, is simply necessary. Depending on the physicochemical composition of the water and its microbiological contaminants, one or another water treatment technology is selected.Aim.In this regard, at water treatment facilities, it is increasingly necessary to include new innovative solutions in the technological scheme that do not provide for the complete reconstruction of existing systems, but allow for the effective modernization of existing ones. One of the most promising solutions in this direction could be the use of methods for treating water with a magnetic reagent method. Methods.The technology of magnetic reagent water treatment is proposed, which allows to intensify the reagent clarification stage, without significant costs for the reconstruction of the facility. Experimental tests at the water treatment station made it possible to establish that magnetic treatment increases the coagulation rate of suspensions, reduces the required residence time of water in the clarifier, and reduces the consumption of reagents by 25-30%.Results.The article considers the main problem of the classical water treatment system associated with a high consumption of reagents and the need for a systematic selection of the optimal dosage for changing environmental parameters. It is shown that the proposed technology can be considered both as a modernization of existing water treatment plants operating according to the standard scheme, and when designing new facilities.Regardless of the complexity of the technologies used for surface water purification in the initial stage of purification, as a rule, the settling method is used, which is carried out by introducing coagulating reagents into the water to form flocs that include contaminants extracted from water. Despite its high efficiency, the use of this method involves both the consumption of expensive reagents and the need to constantly monitor their dosages, which is explained by continuous changes in surface water quality indicators over the seasons of the year.

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zitko

Many countries require the presence of free chlorine at about 0.1 mg/l in their drinking water supplies. For various reasons, such as cast-iron pipes or long residence times in the distribution system, free chlorine may decrease below detection limits. In such cases it is important to know whether or not the water was chlorinated or if nonchlorinated water entered the system by accident. Changes in UV spectra of natural organic matter in lakewater were used to assess qualitatively the degree of chlorination in the treatment to produce drinking water. The changes were more obvious in the first derivative spectra. In lakewater, the derivative spectra have a maximum at about 280 nm. This maximum shifts to longer wavelengths by up to 10 nm, decreases, and eventually disappears with an increasing dose of chlorine. The water treatment system was monitored by this technique for over 1 year and changes in the UV spectra of water samples were compared with experimental samples treated with known amounts of chlorine. The changes of the UV spectra with the concentration of added chlorine are presented. On several occasions, water, which received very little or no chlorination, may have entered the drinking water system. The results show that first derivative spectra are potentially a tool to determine, in the absence of residual chlorine, whether or not surface water was chlorinated during the treatment to produce potable water.


2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 109385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Feretti ◽  
Mattia Acito ◽  
Marco Dettori ◽  
Elisabetta Ceretti ◽  
Cristina Fatigoni ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Yang ◽  
Yi Xuan Han ◽  
Dong Tian Wang

In this study, a novel combination of ultrasound with acid for coagulant recovery from drinking water treatment plant sludge (DWTPS) is investigated in view of improving the coagulant recovery efficiencies. Optimal recovery conditions, a sulfuric acid concentration of 2.0 M, an ultrasonic treatment time of 30 minutes, an ultrasound power of 1000 W and stirring speed of 1000 rpm, have been found in the lab test. The aluminum recovery rates from acidification process with assistance of ultrasound increased by approximately 20% compared with that of acidification only. It was found that the synergistic effects between acid with ultrasound contribute to improving the treatment efficiency.


2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Pruss

A technological investigation was carried out over a period of 2 years to evaluate surface water treatment technology. The study was performed in Poland, in three stages. From November 2011 to July 2012, for the first stage, flow tests with a capacity of 0.1–1.5 m3/h were performed simultaneously in three types of technical installations differing by coagulation modules. The outcome of the first stage was the choice of the technology for further investigation. The second stage was performed between September 2012 and March 2013 on a full-scale water treatment plant. Three large technical installations, operated in parallel, were analysed: coagulation with sludge flotation, micro-sand ballasted coagulation with sedimentation, coagulation with sedimentation and sludge recirculation. The capacity of the installations ranged from 10 to 40 m3/h. The third stage was also performed in a full-scale water treatment plant and was aimed at optimising the selected technology. This article presents the results of the second stage of the full-scale investigation. The critical treatment process, for the analysed water, was the coagulation in an acidic environment (6.5 < pH < 7.0) carried out in a system with rapid mixing, a flocculation chamber, preliminary separation of coagulation products, and removal of residual suspended solids through filtration.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Duran Romero ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Silva ◽  
Beni J. M. Chaúque ◽  
Antônio D. Benetti

The number of people living without access to clean water can be reduced by the implementation of point-of-use (POU) water treatment. Among POU treatment systems, the domestic biosand filter (BSF) stands out as a viable technology. However, the performance of the BSF varies with the inflow water quality characteristics, especially turbidity. In some locations, people have no choice but to treat raw water that has turbidity above recommended levels for the technology. This study aimed to measure the efficiency with which the BSF removes microorganisms from well water and from fecal-contaminated water with turbidity levels of 3, 25, and 50 NTU. Turbidity was controlled by the addition of kaolin to water. Turbidity removal varied from 88% to 99%. Reductions in total coliform (TC) and Escherichia coli ranged from 0.54–2.01 and 1.2–2.2 log removal values (LRV), respectively. The BSF that received water with a higher level of turbidity showed the greatest reduction in the concentration of microorganisms. Additional testing with water contaminated with four bacterial pure cultures showed reductions between 2.7 and 3.6 LRV. A higher reduction in microorganisms was achieved after 30–35 days in operation. Despite the filter’s high efficiency, the filtrates still had some microorganisms, and a disinfection POU treatment could be added to increase water safety.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 100890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariângela Dutra de Oliveira ◽  
Oscar Luiz Teixeira de Rezende ◽  
Juliana Freitas Ramos de Fonseca ◽  
Marcelo Libânio

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