scholarly journals The Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Diabetic Children: A Systematic Review on the Current Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shafi U Bhuiyan ◽  
Hanaa M Badran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency. Children seem less likely to be infected with COVID-19 and develop milder symptoms than adults if infected. However, there is limited data regarding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on diabetic children. Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and compile the available evidence of COVID-19 pandemic on the pediatric diabetic population, including the incidence of newly diagnosed patients, the risk of DKA and disturbed glycemic control, the use of telemedicine, the impact of lockdown on the daily dietary and physical activity routine, and the management of diabetes during the pandemic. Method: We conducted a comprehensive search of literature published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies published in English language within the last year as of October 1st, 2020 on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on diabetic children. Results: We included 20 studies (7 incidence studies, 5 cross sectional, 2 observational, 4 case reports and 2 case series) with a total population of 1989 diabetic children and adolescents. The current evidence suggesting increased incidence of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1DM) during the COVID-19 pandemic is still weak. Several studies identified delayed diagnosis of children and adolescents with new-onset T1DM leading to presentation with severe DKA. Underlying causes contributed to this observation include reduced access to primary care services, limited availability of healthcare providers, and parental fear from infection during the pandemic period. Moreover, the current pandemic affected the availability of Insulin and glucose measuring supplies leading to poor glycemic control and increasing the risk of DKA among diabetic children especially in resource limited countries. Diabetic children and adolescents had shown good coping skills as a considerable number of them maintained their eating habits and regularly practiced physical activity at home during the lockdown period. In addition, the results of studies on the use of telemedicine for diabetic children and adolescents were positive regarding the effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: More studies are required to document the association between COVID-19 infection and the development of T1DM, and to evaluate the physical and psychological impact of the current pandemic on diabetic children and adolescents. In preparation for any potential second wave, specific strategies are essential to alleviate the negative impact of the current pandemic on the management of diabetic children. In order to avoid delayed diagnosis of patients with new onset diabetes, countries should reopen the access to essential non-COVID-19 services, and families should be encouraged about timely attendance at the ED for children with symptoms that are not related to COVID-19. Telemedicine is a promising approach for the management of diabetic patients as it provides a safe, fast and effective way of communication between patients and their diabetic teams. Keywords: adolescents; children; COVID-19; diabetes mellitus and DKA; pediatrics; SARSCoV2

scholarly journals Is Atorvastatin Associated with New Onset Diabetes or Deterioration of Glycemic Control? Systematic Review Using Data from 1.9 Million Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki M. Angelidi ◽  
Emelina Stambolliu ◽  
Konstantina I. Adamopoulou ◽  
Antonis A. Kousoulis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
New Onset

Background. Current evidence indicates that statins increase the risk of new onset diabetes mellitus (NOD) and also deteriorate the glycemic control in patients with known diabetes mellitus (DM) after high-dose statin therapy. Aims. The aim of this review was to explore the effect of atorvastatin in causing NOD or deteriorating glycemic control in patients with DM. Methods. Two independent reviewers conducted the literature search, through PubMed database searching for articles published in English until April 2015, and only primary studies were included. Results. Of the 919 articles identified in our original search, 33 met the criteria for this review encompassing 1,951,113 participants. Twenty articles examined dysregulation of DM due to atorvastatin. Half of them showed that there was no significant change in glycemic control in patients treated with atorvastatin. Other studies showed that fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were increased by atorvastatin. Thirteen articles examined if atorvastatin causes NOD. The majority of these articles showed that patients who used atorvastatin had a higher dose-dependent risk of developing NOD. Conclusion. This systematic review suggests that there is an association between atorvastatin treatment and NOD. Moreover, it showed that atorvastatin in high dose causes worsening of the glycemic control in patients with DM.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Motor Proficiency and Academic Performance in Mathematics and Reading in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Macdonald ◽  
Nikki Milne ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Rodney Pope
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact

Positive associations exist between physical activity, cognition, and academic performance in children and adolescents. Further research is required to examine which factors underpin the relationships between physical activity and academic performance. This systematic review aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize findings of studies examining relationships between motor proficiency and academic performance in mathematics and reading in typically developing school-aged children and adolescents. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies. Fifty-five eligible articles were critically appraised and key data was extracted and synthesized. Findings support associations between several components of motor proficiency and academic performance in mathematics and reading. There was evidence that fine motor proficiency was significantly and positively associated with academic performance in mathematics and reading, particularly during the early years of school. Significant positive associations were also evident between academic performance and components of gross motor proficiency, specifically speed and agility, upper-limb coordination, and total gross motor scores. Preliminary evidence from a small number of experimental studies suggests motor skill interventions in primary school settings may have a positive impact on academic performance in mathematics and/or reading. Future research should include more robust study designs to explore more extensively the impact of motor skill interventions on academic performance.

scholarly journals The effects of the measures against COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity among school-aged children and adolescents (6–17 years) in 2020: A protocol for systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255520
Author(s):  
Donglin Hu ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Yingshuang Sun ◽  
Yongqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly changed people’s daily lives, forcing countries to take actions, such as school shutdown, lockdown, isolation, and social distancing measures. It remains unclear how the closures, cancellations, and restrictions of schools and courses as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect the engagement of school-aged children and adolescents in relation to physical activity (PA). Methods The articles in the databases of EBSCO (including AMED, CINAHL Plus, Health Business, Health Source MEDLINE with Full Text, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) published during the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 will be retrieved, and the data in the selected articles are extracted, including research methods, demographics, and key results. Search outcomes were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used to evaluate research quality. Two reviewers are responsible for completing the three tasks, namely selecting the articles that meet the inclusion criteria, extracting data in the articles selected, and evaluating their research quality. All findings, and especially primary outcomes will be summarized in a table format of findings. The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area. Aim The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PA in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years during 2020. 1). What impact has the COVID-19 pandemic had on PA levels in school-aged children and adolescents? 2). Investigating changes in the locations of school-aged children’s and adolescents’ PA between the pre-COVID-19 period (January 2020) and the COVID-19 period (December 2020). Results We hope that this study will provide government authorities and health professionals with the necessary information in guiding actions and allocating resources, so that the situation of physical inactivity in school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic can be improved, thereby enhancing their physical health. Protocol registration number This review was submitted and registered under CRD42020225976 in PROSPERO.

scholarly journals Are changes in cardiorespiratory fitness resulting from physical activity interventions related to changes in executive function and academic performance in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-regression.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tuvey ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Elizabeth Horton ◽  
Xian Mayo ◽  
Gary Liguori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity (PA) interventions in children and adolescents are thought to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and possibly executive function (EF), and academic performance (AP). It is thought that the impact of PA upon CRF might be associated with improved EF and AP. However, previous meta-analyses have not examined this relationships. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-regression of intervention studies that reported a pre- and a post-intervention measure of CRF and AP and/or EF and included a control group. A total of 17 studies were included. PA interventions had the following main effects: 0.24 [95% CI=0.09, 0.40] for CRF; 0.11 [95% CI=-0.16, 0.38] for AP; and 0.02 [95% CI=-0.09, 0.13] for EF after removal of influential studies. Meta-regression for CRF changes upon EF outcomes suggested a small effect ranging from negative trivial to moderate (β = 0.26 [95% CI=-0.18, 0.70]). For CRF changes upon AP outcomes the estimate was trivial with poor precision ranging negative to positive large effects (β = -0.04 [95% CI=-1.52, 1.45]). Despite small positive effects upon CRF, the effects upon EF or AP are less clear. Further, it seems unlikely improvements in CRF from PA interventions are associated with changes EF or AP.

scholarly journals The Acceptability, Feasibility and Effectiveness of Wearable Activity Trackers for Increasing Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6211
Author(s):  
Amy V. Creaser ◽  
Stacy A. Clemes ◽  
Silvia Costa ◽  
Jennifer Hall ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers

Wearable activity trackers (wearables) embed numerous behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that have previously been shown to increase adult physical activity (PA). With few children and adolescents achieving PA guidelines, it is crucial to explore ways to increase their PA. This systematic review examined the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of wearables and their potential mechanisms of action for increasing PA in 5 to 19-year-olds. A systematic search of six databases was conducted, including data from the start date of each database to December 2019 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020164506). Thirty-three studies were included. Most studies (70%) included only adolescents (10 to 19 years). There was some—but largely mixed—evidence that wearables increase steps and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA and reduce sedentary behaviour. There were no apparent differences in effectiveness based on the number of BCTs used and between studies using a wearable alone or as part of a multi-component intervention. Qualitative findings suggested wearables increased motivation to be physically active via self-monitoring, goal setting, feedback, and competition. However, children and adolescents reported technical difficulties and a novelty effect when using wearables, which may impact wearables’ long-term use. More rigorous and long-term studies investigating the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of wearables in 5 to 19-year-olds are warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of behavioural economic incentive programmes for the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e046035
Author(s):  
Suparee Boonmanunt ◽  
Oraluck Pattanaprateep ◽  
Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul ◽  
Gareth McKay ◽  
John Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionObesity and being overweight are major risk factors for metabolic syndrome and non-communicable diseases. Despite the recommendation that a healthy diet and physical activity can reduce the severity of these diseases, many fail to adhere to these measures. From a behavioural economic perspective, adherence to such measures can be encouraged through financial incentives. However, additional related behavioural economic approaches may improve the effectiveness of an incentive programme. As such, we have developed a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis to summarise the current evidence from financial incentive programmes with and without behavioural economic insights for promoting healthy diet and physical activity.Methods and analysisPrevious systematic reviews, meta-analyses and individual studies were identified from Medline and Scopus in June 2020 and will be updated until December 2020. Individual studies will be selected and data extracted by two reviewers. Disagreement will be resolved by consensus or adjudicated by a third reviewer. A descriptive analysis will summarise the effectiveness of behavioural economic incentive programmes for promoting healthy diet and physical activity. Moreover, individual studies will be pooled using network meta-analyses where possible. I2 statistics and Cochran’s Q test will be used to assess heterogeneity. Risk of bias and publication bias, if appropriate, will be evaluated, as well as the overall strength of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for a systematic review and meta-analysis is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198024.

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