scholarly journals "Born Out of Fear": A Grounded Theory Study of the Stigma of Bipolar Disorder for New Mothers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walker Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Childbirth is an established trigger for the onset of bipolar disorders (BD) in the postpartum period, causing significant pathology and disability. Research has shown that the stigma of mental illness for new mothers is a powerful obstacle to care, preventing women from accessing critical treatment and social support. However, the majority of research has examined the relationship between the stigma and postpartum depression, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding stigma and postpartum bipolar disorder. The problem addressed in this grounded theory study was the lack of knowledge regarding the stigma of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in the first year postpartum. A theoretical sample of 15 women given a clinical diagnosis of a BD in the first year postpartum participated in one, 60-90-minute recorded interview using semi-structured questions. I analyzed typed interview transcripts using open, axial, and selective coding according to grounded theory methods. Emergent categories: Diagnosis, Experiencing Stigma, and Lack of Understanding revealed the relief in the initial diagnosis and the subsequent experience of stigma in the form of stigmatizing stereotypes, prejudicial attitudes and discrimination, and the development of the belief that stigma was caused by universal lack of understanding regarding BD. The core category of Born Out of Fear was identified. Selective coding confirmed that the stigma experienced by participants was consistent with existing models of stigma, with the exception that women did not describe their babies or other children as components of the experience of stigma. Increased understanding of the stigma of mental illness for new mothers creates pathways for future research.

scholarly journals Contact with recovered peers: buffering disempowering service experiences and promoting personal recovery in serious mental illness

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronte McLeod ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Greg Murray ◽  
Fiona Foley ◽  
Nev Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Background Mental health patients can experience involuntary treatment as disempowering and stigmatising, and contact with recovered peers is cited as important for countering stigma and fostering agency and autonomy integral to recovery. Aims To advance understanding of the interaction between involuntary treatment and contact with recovered peers, and explore hypothesised relationships to mechanisms of self-evaluation relevant to recovery. Method Eighty-nine adults diagnosed with serious mental illness completed items to assess involuntary treatment experience and the extent of prior contact with recovered peers, the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Self-efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale, the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and relevant demographic and clinical scales. Results Contact with recovered peers was found to moderate the effects of involuntary treatment on internalised stigma. Sequential conditional process models (i.e. moderated mediation) then demonstrated that conditional internalised stigma (i.e. moderated by contact with recovered peers) mediated the indirect effect of involuntary treatment on recovery-specific self-efficacy, which in turn influenced recovery. Compared with those with low contact with recovered peers, recovery scores were 3.54 points higher for those with high contact. Conclusions Although study methods limit causative conclusions, findings are consistent with proposals that contact with recovered peers may be helpful for this patient group, and suggest this may be particularly relevant for those with involuntary treatment experience. Directions for future research, to further clarify measurement and conceptual tensions relating to the study of (dis)empowering experiences in mental health services, are discussed in detail.

Case series of introducing palliative care consultation in psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorleif Etgen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Palliative Care Consultation ◽  
Care Consultation

Background: The significance of palliative care consultation in psychiatry is unclear. Actual case series: Analysis of the introduction of palliative care consultation in a large psychiatric hospital. Possible courses of action: Continue without offering, survey the need for or offer palliative care consultation, and analyse its introduction. Formulation of a plan: Palliative care consultation was established and details including patient age, department, diagnosis, main problem, solution and discharge were analysed during the first 2 years. Outcome: Two consultations in the first year and 18 consultations in the second year were requested (18 geriatric, 2 addiction, 0 general, clinical social and forensic psychiatry) involving two domains: delirium associated with dementia or another condition (75%) and mental illness (e.g. alcoholic psycho-syndrome, psychosis, suicidal tendency, schizophrenia, depression) and cancer (25%). Recommendations of consultations were realized in 95%. Lessons from the case series: Implementation of palliative care consultation in psychiatry is one possible method of how to introduce palliative care in a field of medicine with lack of palliative care. View: Future research should focus on reasons for reservations about palliative care in psychiatry, include more patients with severe persistent mental illness and assess the value of palliative care consultation in resolving this problem.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Aging Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities Seeking VR

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bernacchio ◽  
Connie McReynolds ◽  
Donna Falvo ◽  
Jeff Stevens ◽  
Robert Cimera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

The occurrence of psychiatric conditions among people 55 years and older ranges from dementia, cognitive disorders, depression/mood and anxiety disorders, to severe mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorders) and substance abuse disorders. The National Institute of Mental Health (2009) identified depression as the major mental health concern for older citizens in general. Attention to the older vocational rehabilitation (VR) population with psychiatric conditions is relatively recent, and evidence suggests that middle-aged and older people with mental illness are understudied and underserved in the field of vocational rehabilitation. This article presents a description of the 50 to 69 year old cohort of persons with psychiatric conditions who were served by VR from 2002 to 2006 nationally as compared to North Carolina (NC) state VR data for the same period of time, discusses public funding for mental health treatment of this group and the role of health insurance parity, and addresses potential implications and needs for future research for this population.

scholarly journals Becoming an Older Volunteer: A Grounded Theory Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Witucki Brown ◽  
Shu-li Chen ◽  
Linda Mefford ◽  
Allie Brown ◽  
Bonnie Callen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Habitat For Humanity ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Older Volunteers ◽  
Core Category

This Grounded Theory study describes the process by which older persons “become” volunteers. Forty interviews of older persons who volunteered for Habitat for Humanity were subjected to secondary content analysis to uncover the process of “becoming” a volunteer. “Helping out” (core category) for older volunteers occurs within the context of “continuity”, “commitment” and “connection” which provide motivation for volunteering. When a need arises, older volunteers “help out” physically and financially as health and resources permit. Benefits described as “blessings” of volunteering become motivators for future volunteering. Findings suggest that older volunteering is a developmental process and learned behavior which should be fostered in older persons by personally inviting them to volunteer. Intergenerational volunteering projects will allow older persons to pass on knowledge and skills and provide positive role modeling for younger volunteers.

Trust Development With the Spanish-Speaking Mexican American Patient: A Grounded Theory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
American Patient ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Centered Care

Interpersonal trust between patient and nurse is important in patient-centered care. Trust development may be more difficult if the patient and nurse do not speak the same language. In this grounded theory study, Spanish-speaking Mexican American adults ( n = 20) hospitalized on a medical-surgical or obstetric unit in the Midwestern United States were interviewed. Through data analysis, a model of how trust develops between nurse and patient revealed eight categories and the core category Caring for Me Well Even When Not Understanding Me. The beginning phase had four categories: Asking for Help, Bothering, Communicating, and Understanding. The middle phase had two categories: Platicando (chatting) and Being Available. The end point category was Having Trust, and outcomes were Feeling Comfortable and Feeling Supported. The language barrier was a hindrance to trust development but the nurse’s way of being (personality) was more important. Therefore, the patient did develop trust with nurses who did not speak Spanish.

scholarly journals Goals and Distractions: Explanations of Early Attrition from Traditional University Freshmen

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rausch ◽  
Matthew Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
First Year ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Act Scores ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Grounded Theory Method

This grounded theory study was designed to investigate the factors that influenced 20 "traditional" university freshmen to withdraw prior to the end of their first year at two Midwestern universities. A two-hour audio- taped interview was conducted with each of the participants, and the grounded theory method was utilized to analyze the interview data. Eighteen of the twenty participants had strong high school GPAs and ACT scores, and would not have been identified as being at-risk for attrition. The grounded theory that emerged from the participants' data indicated that an absence of clear educational goals, as well as individual and institutional distractions, interacted to contribute to the participants' withdrawal from their universities.

Vulnerability Factors for Bipolar Disorders as Predictors of Attributions in Ability-Based and Chance-Based Tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Meyer ◽  
Stephen Barton ◽  
Marina Baur ◽  
Gabriele Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypomanic Personality Scale ◽  
Stable Characteristic

The role of attributional style in bipolar disorder has received empirical support. Research suggests that a pattern of global, stable, and possibly internal attributions for positive events might even trigger mania. We tested whether hypothesized risk factors for bipolar disorder are associated with such attributions after feedback of success in an ability- and chance-based test. University students (n = 115) completed the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BIS/BAS) and the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) to assess risk for bipolar disorder. In addition, participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview. All participants performed an ability-based (intelligence) test and a chance-based (dice-throwing) test, and success was induced by providing positive feedback regardless of their actual test performance. Attributions of perceived success were assessed after each test. Results showed that high scores on the BAS scale were generally predictive of self-serving attributions in the ability-based test, while scores on the HPS predicted a more global and self-serving attributional style in the chance-based test. Current depression, lifetime affective disorder, BIS, or the dysregulation of the BAS did not consistently predict attributions on either test. Despite some methodological limitations, results suggest that anticipated or experienced success in skill-related contexts triggers self-serving attributions in individuals scoring high on the BAS scale, while perceived positive outcome in chance-related, more unrealistic contexts triggers similar attributions in individuals scoring high on the HPS. Future research has to examine whether these overly positive attributions after positive, chance-related situations are a stable characteristic with respect to vulnerability to mania.

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