scholarly journals DIFFICULTÉS DU DÉMARCHE EXPÉRIMENTALE EN ÉDUCATION SCIENTIFIQUE / DIFFICULTIES OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS IN SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Nertivich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Scientific Education ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Teaching Situations ◽  
Méthode Expérimentale ◽  
The Way

<p>Cet article présente une série des réflexions et un exemple détaillé sur les difficultés du démarche expérimental dans de l’éducation scientifique. Après une discussion sur les obstacles et les difficultés qui s'opposent à l'appropriation de la démarche de la méthode expérimentale, ce travail touche la question de la démarche expérimentale pour la formation des ombres. Deux exemples typiques de situations d'enseignement sont utilisés et les difficultés tant au niveau conceptuel que procédural sont mises en évidence.</p><p> </p><p>This article presents a series of reflections and a detailed example of the difficulties of the experimental approach in scientific education. After a discussion on the obstacles and difficulties that stand in the way of appropriation of the experimental method approach, this work touches on the question of the experimental approach to the formation of shadows. Two typical examples of teaching situations are used and the difficulties at both the conceptual and procedural levels are highlighted.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

La Critique et le dépassement de la « méthode expérimentale » dans Thérèse Raquin

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Hélène Sicard-Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Méthode Expérimentale ◽  
The Way

This article makes the case for reading Zola’s protagonists Laurent and Thérèse as literary foils for one of the founding fathers of the experimental method, namely the physiologist Claude Bernard, and his wife, Fanny Martin. Drawing more particularly on elements from Bernard’s and Martin’s lives, as well as Bernard’s scientific writings, the article shows that Zola ‘performs’ two grueling experiments in the aforementioned novel: the first one, initiated by the author himself, results in the death of three protagonists and the paralysis of the fourth one; the second experiment, initiated by Laurent, reveals that the latter’s evaluation of Thérèse and his ensuing hypothesis are seriously flawed. In fact, Laurent’s gaze is marred by his tendency to ‘dirty’ nature (‘salir la nature,’ to borrow Zola’s expression), and his experiment doesn’t turn out the way he had originally planned, as both lovers turned murderers end up committing suicide together. This article thus argues that, in Thérèse Raquin, Zola resorts to critical posturing as a vivisector in a text that can be read as a revenge narrative which gestures towards the possibility for vivisectors to be ‘redeemed’ as individuals made fully capable of feeling compassion for their objects through angelic intervention.

scholarly journals Application De La Démarche Expérimentale Dans L’apprentissage

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Khaled Attrassi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Experimental Process

[Application Of The Experimental Approach In Learning]ABSTRACTAchieving the objectives outlined in an experimental process requires the establishment of an induction phase, which consists of an open space offering the opportunity for learners to state their hypotheses while collectively choosing one and a few variables, a deductive procedure comes second. However, adopting such an approach faces difficulties for learners to formulate hypotheses consistent with theoretical data. Lack of critical thinking in learners as well as their inability to interpret experimental results is also a problem in this teaching practice. It is important to note that the experimental method should not be limited to manipulation and analysis of the results by the learners.

RECENT STUDIES ON IMMUNIZATION AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
JONAS E. SALK
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Immunologic Markers ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fast Lane ◽  
The Way

The simple fact is: That an experimental method for inducing measurable amounts of antibody for the three known poliomyelitis viruses, employing a killed-virus vaccine is available, and it now becomes possible to determine whether—and to what extent—the incidence of naturally occurring paralysis may be influenced. All that should be inferred now is that studies are progressing satisfactorily; there have been no set-backs nor anything but revelations that shed more light on the course ahead. We must continue to regard the experimental developments to date as providing immunologic markers along the way that tell us whether we are on the right road. That there is more to do now than before indicates that we have not stumbled down a by-way but have selected a road, with many lanes, that seems long indeed. Our problem is to select not only the fast lane but the one that is safest and most certain.

scholarly journals Context and Implications Document for: ‘It ain't (only) what you do, it's the way that you do it’: A mixed method approach to the study of inspiring teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359
Author(s):  
Pam Sammons ◽  
Alison Kington ◽  
Ariel Lindorff ◽  
Lorena Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Mixed Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
The Way

Appendix Mathematical models of the knee

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Goodfellow ◽  
John O'Connor ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
Christopher Dodd ◽  
David Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Physical System ◽  
The Way

Mathematical models make it possible to calculate the values of quantities which are difficult or impossible to measure and provide insights which are not obtained from experiment alone. They are a necessary adjunct to the experimental method, but are not a common feature of biological or clinical research. A model is based on a series of assumptions or hypotheses about the way a physical system works. It is validated by comparing its predictions with independent experimental measurement. Reasonable validation then gives confidence in the assumptions on which the model is based and in the predictions of quantities which cannot be measured. The purpose in presenting our models here is to explain the differences between unloaded and loaded motion described in Chapter 3.

How can experiments play a greater role in public policy? Twelve proposals from an economic model of scaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
OMAR AL-UBAYDLI ◽  
MIN SOK LEE ◽  
JOHN A. LIST ◽  
CLAIRE L. MACKEVICIUS ◽  
DANA SUSKIND
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractPolicymakers are increasingly turning to insights gained from the experimental method as a means to inform large-scale public policies. Critics view this increased usage as premature, pointing to the fact that many experimentally tested programs fail to deliver their promise at scale. Under this view, the experimental approach drives too much public policy. Yet, if policymakers could be more confident that the original research findings would be delivered at scale, even the staunchest critics would carve out a larger role for experiments to inform policy. Leveraging the economic framework of Al-Ubaydli et al. (2019), we put forward 12 simple proposals, spanning researchers, policymakers, funders and stakeholders, which together tackle the most vexing scalability threats. The framework highlights that only after we deepen our understanding of the scale-up problem will we be on solid ground to argue that scientific experiments should hold a more prominent place in the policymaker's quiver.

Variety perception and attitude toward digital assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Piris ◽  
Nathalie Guibert
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Real Product ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ variety perception for online grocery assortments and, more generally, to better understand consumers’ attitude toward digital assortments. In particular, this research examines the influence of the organization of products that results from assortment structure and display. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the observation that previous work on traditional assortments is not sufficient to understand consumers’ perceptions and attitudes, the paper adopts a hypothetico-deductive approach and develops four hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested using an experimental approach. Findings This research enables us to see that both attitude and variety perception are affected by the way products are organized on a website. Furthermore, contrary to what the literature on traditional assortments allows one to assume, the assortment corresponding to a more positive attitude is not perceived as being the more varied. As a result, our findings reconsider the link between variety perception and consumer assortment evaluation for digital assortments. Research limitations/implications The work is based on data collected for only one product category. It would be interesting to explore other categories also, to determine if the structure of the assortment and variety perception have stable effects. Practical implications The results inform retailers that they must carefully design the display of their digital assortments. If a retailer wants to enhance variety perception, the authors recommend using an assortment organized by brand, or presenting all the products together. If, instead, the goal is to encourage a positive attitude, the retailer should opt for assortments sorted by attribute or that present all products together. Originality/value This research adopts a new orientation on assortment perception and evaluation, considering the specificities involved in digitizing assortments. In addition, this research studies a real product category and puts respondents in experimental conditions close to reality.

scholarly journals Recovery of ancestral knowledge for production of traditional Manabí cocoa paste

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Telly Yarita Macias Zambrano ◽  
Ingri Catherine Garcia Castro ◽  
Carmen Liliana Mera Plaza ◽  
Ricardo Munoz Farfan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ancestral Knowledge ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
Peasant Women ◽  
Clay Pots ◽  
The Way

The high family consumption of chocolates and cocoa powders with a high content of sugars and saturated fats, and on the contrary a very low content of cocoa paste is a problem. The objective was to recover the ancestral knowledge in the elaboration and conservation of the traditional Manabi cocoa paste. The experimental method was used for the elaboration and conservation of cocoa paste in clay pots with dried guineo leaves, in glass jars, at room temperature, and in refrigeration. Through the technique of interviewing 10 peasant women from the rural area of Chone, the way of elaboration and conservation of the cocoa ball was known. The main results: increase of the useful life of the cocoa ball wrapped in dried guinean leaves and stored in clay pots at room temperature, due to the decrease in humidity up to 180 days. As conclusions: little use of ancestral knowledge in the elaboration and conservation of traditional Manabí cocoa paste, unlike the consumption of refined chocolates with low cocoa content.

scholarly journals Robert Raushenberg: from «combine painting» to installation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Александровна Ярцева
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
American Artist ◽  
Large Project ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

На протяжении своей карьеры Раушенберг занимался живописью, скульптурой, сценографией, представлял собой тип художника не ХХ, но XXI века. Его интересовали новые технологии, стремительно менявшийся мир вокруг: политически, социально, ментально. В период становления своего стиля Раушенберг находился в поисках ответа на вопрос о природе искусства, ему был близок экспериментальный подход, вдохновленный опытами европейского искусства начала прошлого столетия. Раушенберг использовал его при создании большого проекта, который получил название «комбинированная живопись» или «комбайны» (1953–1964). Именно он открыл дорогу американскому художнику к мировой известности и признанию. Throughout his career, Rauschenberg was engaged in painting, sculpture, scenography, he was a type of artist, not XX, but the XXI century. He was interested in new technologies, the rapidly changing world around: politically, socially, mentally. In the period when his style was formed Rauschenberg searched of an answer to the question about the nature of art, he was close to the experimental approach inspired by the experiences of European art of the beginning of the last century. Rauschenberg used it to create a large project, which was called "combined painting" or "combines" (1953 – 1964). It opened the way for an American artist to world fame and recognition.

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