scholarly journals SARTRE, BOURDIEU, AND GUSTAVE FLAUBERT: FROM INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND SOCIAL DETERMINISM IN THE FIELD OF LITERARY CREATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barrett Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Philosophy Of Action ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Social Determinism ◽  
French Writer

Drawing from the analysis of Sartre’s monumental biography of the French writer Gustave Flaubert and Bourdieu’s critical response to it, this article explores anew the dialectics of agency and coercion through the lenses of sartrian philosophy and bourdieusian sociology. From his birth to his childhood and his death in 1880, the biographical elements of the life of Madame Bovary’s author and the contents of his literary works were depicted by Sartre and Bourdieu in a dialogue questioning the writer’s individual goals, strategies, limits and fate. Put in a historical perspective, this socio-philosophical confrontation between the theoretical aims and methods of existentialist psychoanalysis and structuralist socio-analysis reopens the oldest of debates between actor-centered philosophy of action and socio-centered logic of practice, between the transcendence of ego and the transcendence of social, or freedom and determinism. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0875/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

An introduction to the functioning process of embedded paratext of digital literature: Technoeikon of digital poetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-660
Author(s):  
T Shanmugapriya ◽  
Nirmala Menon ◽  
Andy Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Electronic Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Digital Literature ◽  
Digital Poetry ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Digital Components

Abstract The recent digital-born electronic literature has heterogeneous components such as kinetic texts, kinetic images, graphical designs, sounds, and videos. These digital components are embedded with the main text as the paratext of print and digital works such as preface, author’s name, illustrations, and title. However, the comparative study between paratext and embedded paratext of electronic literature shows the different strategic patterns and functions of these entities. We discuss the conceptual framework of illuminant devices of paratexts and propose a new term technoeikon to recognize the functions of embedded literary artifact in digital literary works. We examine the critical construction of new term technoeikon which has a unique characteristic that makes electronic literary works different from print literature. This essay reviews the cyclical process of technoeikon from the historical perspective of pre-print culture and print culture and acknowledges technoeikon as inherited from our tradition. Due to digital contrivances, technoeikon takes a new expression as performing in digital ecology which is different from our traditional analog. This article presents a case study on Andy Campbell's (2007b) Dim O'Gauble. Also, Campbell responds to the interpretation of new term technoeikon in the fourth section of the essay.

Is the ‘Intention’ There? On the Impact of Scientism on Hermeneutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Scientific Attitude ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
The Impact

Ever since the mid-twentieth century, there has been a prevailing tendency of eliminating the author’s existence in his or her text, as well as the existence of his or her intention. The practice of negating the meaning of the author’s intention and thereby imposing arbitrary interpretations on the text to serve the critic’s own interpretive purpose, has led contemporary literary hermeneutics onto the wrong road of relativism and nihilism. It is sensible for us to identify an impact of scientism on such a hermeneutic tendency. However, no matter how we try to deny and dissolve the author’s intention, its being in the text is a hard fact that always determines the text’s quality and value and influences the readers’ understanding and interpretation. The author’s intention runs through the whole process of the text’s creation, displaying itself in all the plans and designs of the text, such as its language, structure and style. It is a false question to ask whether intention exists in literary creation, and the idea that the other person can be totally independent of the author’s intention to assert the meanings or significance of the text will finally lead us to nowhere but sheer subjective imagination. Any serious and responsible critic must research in depth to first bring out the author’s intention, and then bring out the text’s historical and social milieus. This is the foundational step towards fair and justified interpretation of the text. Since literary works are the objectification of the authors’ thoughts and mind power, we, whatever theories we are interested in, should give the author and his or her intention due respect. This is undoubtedly a scientific attitude toward literary studies.

scholarly journals Književno stvaralaštvo manjina u Hrvatskoj – dio hrvatske književnosti ili ne?

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-504
Author(s):  
Helena Stranjik
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The State ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Minority Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
To Come ◽  
Minority Writers

There are numerous national minorities in Croatia supported by the state in their maintenance of minority languages, cultures and traditions. And many of these minorities with songs, dance and customs cherish their own literature, meaning poetry, prose, and drama written by their members in minority languages or in Croatian. These works are mostly known among members of the minorities, but sometimes it is difficult to find the way to readers of the majority of the population. An example of such a minority literature with a long tradition is literary creation of the Czech, who have been living in today’s Croatia for over two hundred years. Nowadays regularly or occasionally there are about thirty authors who write mostly in Czech, but to come to the readership, some of them have been translating their work into the Croatian language lately or leaving their mother tongue and starting to create in Croatian. Are Croatia’s minority works known and to what extent? What are the possibilities of writers using minority languages to publish their works? Why are minority literary works important, what can they offer to a broader readership and in what way can they enrich Croatian literature? How could they reach the majority population and could they wake up the interest beyond Croatian borders? And what difficulties do minority writers encounter? In the presentation, we will use the example of Czech minority literary works in Croatia to answer these and other issues related to minority literature emerging in Croatia, but remaining unknown to the Croatian public.

scholarly journals ANGUISH IN ALEXANDER DUMAS’ NOVEL THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Hidayati Hidayati ◽  
Arifuddin Arifuddin ◽  
Zainab M Z. ◽  
Aflina Aflina
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
French Writer ◽  
The Subject

The research is conducted based on the novel The Count of Monte Cristo, written by a French writer Alexander Dumas. The focus goes to anguish experienced by the protagonist of the novel, Edmond Dante, a young and handsome sailor with a brilliant prospects in career making him plunged into life of anguish. He is arrested for no reason, sent to jail with inhuman treatment. Descriptive qualitative method is applied to reveal that literary works are mirrors of all the occurrences in society. This is in line with the sociology of literature also implemented here as the approach to further analysis of the subject matters having three aspects to be used as a literary research guidelines: social contexts of the author, already showed by the author, literature as the reflection of society, revealed through the text tending to social reality and functions of literature as entertainer or remodel of society, exposed through the responses of the readers. The results show that the novel contains anguish subdivided into Non-procedural Arrest and Inhuman Imprisonment covering the whole study.

The Schoolgirl trills of Zuzanna Gincburżanka

Tekstualia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (33) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Izolda Kiec
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Jewish Descent

The article is devoted to the youthful lyrics of Zuzanna Ginczanka (1917–1944), a Polish poet of Jewish descent and a victim of the Holocaust. She was brought up in Rivnne in Volyn, in the atmopshere of social, moral and artistic changes in the 1920 s. The young poet touched upon various aspects of modernity in her earliest literary works written for the secondary-school magazine „Echo School”. Her work is a defense of the youthful lyric as a form adequately expressing emotions and identity. It is also a defense of biography, an important source of literary creation and a context of reading.

scholarly journals The “accountant” stereotype in the Florentine medieval popular culture: “galantuomini” or usurers?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonida Carungu ◽  
Matteo Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Dante Alighieri ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Giovanni Boccaccio ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
The Divine Comedy

PurposeThis paper explores the stereotype of the accountant in Florentine medieval popular culture based on literary works and from a historical perspective. It aims to highlight how stereotypes change with time and represent the cultural and historical evolution of a society. This research challenges Miley and Read (2012), who stated that the foundation of the stereotype was in Commedia dell'arte, an Italian form of improvisational theatre commenced in the 15th century.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied a qualitative research method to examine the accountant from a medieval popular culture perspective. The analysis consists of two phases: (1) categorisation of the accountant stereotype based on accounting history literature and (2) thematic analysis of The Divine Comedy (1307–1313) and The Decameron (1348–1351). The authors explored a synchronic perspective of historical investigation through a “cross-author” comparison, identifying Dante Alighieri as the first key author of medieval popular culture. During his imaginary journey through The Divine Comedy, Dante describes the social, political and economic context of the Florentine people of the 14th century. Then, with its various folkloristic elements, The Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio becomes the “manifesto” of the popular culture in the Florentine medieval times.FindingsThis study shows the change of the accountant stereotype from the medieval age to the Renaissance. The Divine Comedy mainly connotes a negative accountant stereotype. The 14th century's Florentine gentlemen (“i galantuomini”) are apparently positive characters, with an ordered and clean aspect, but they are accused of being usurers. Dante Alighieri pictures the accountant as a “servant of capitalism”, “dishonest person, excessively fixated with money”, “villain and evil” and “excessively rational”. Giovanni Boccaccio mainly portrays a positive accountant stereotype. The accountant is increasingly more reliable, and this “commercial man” takes a more prestigious role in the society. In The Decameron, the accountant is depicted as a “hero”, “gentleman”, “family-oriented person with a high level of work commitment” and “colourful persona, warm, and emotional”. Overall, the authors provided new evidence on the existence of the accountant stereotype in the Florentine medieval popular.Originality/valueThis study engages with accounting history literature accountants' stereotypes in an unexplored context and time period, providing a base for comparative international research on accounting stereotypes and popular culture. Additionally, it addresses the need for further research on the accountant stereotype based on literary works and from a historical perspective. Therefore, this research also expands the New Accounting History (NAH) literature, focussing on the investigation of the accountant stereotype connotations in the 14th century.

Gao Xingjian

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Gao Xingjian ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate

This chapter looks at how Gao Xingjian, the 2000 Nobel Prize laureate in literature, has brought Zhuangzi’s spirit of absolute liberation and freedom to the highest level. A discussion of his novelSoul Mountainand the poems “As Free as a Bird” and “Roaming Spirit and Metaphysical Thinking” shows how Gao’s self-exile and his persistent pursuit of the aesthetic spirit of literature embody Zhuangzi’s spirit of individual freedom and liberation. By successfully turning the meaning of “exile” from negative to positive, Gao has recreated a nature, or a Garden of Eden, in which he can transcend all kinds of restrictions and wander freely in the literary world. Gao Xingjian’s tropes of fleeing and self-exile, closely associated with his literary works, represent one of the most compelling cases of the interplay between literature and individual freedom at the end of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Reappraising Charles Webb’s The Graduate (1963): Exploring cultural and historical elements of a character in the contemporary economy

Organization ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-161
Author(s):  
Peter Watt ◽  
Bogdan Costea
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Movement

This article seeks to examine, in a cultural–historical perspective, how the ‘graduate’ has developed as a character central to a significant segment of the contemporary labour market. The argument begins by showing how the rise of the ‘new’ or ‘knowledge economy’ (throughout the 1990s and 2000s) became a new source of pressure on generations entering the world of work. Higher education has been, and continues to be, presented by political, corporate and educational institutions as a core platform upon which future possibilities of personal achievement and accomplishment depend. Gradually, the vocabulary and character of the ‘graduate’ has become more visible through complex and refined modes of cultural dissemination. The themes through which this character is articulated today have, we argue, cultural roots that are not entirely new. With reference to David Riesman’s early understanding of the formation of this kind of cultural ‘character’, we examine Charles Webb’s 1963 novel The Graduate. As a cultural–historical resource, it can be revisited half a century later in order to investigate the historical movement of certain themes and questions that now outline what a ‘graduate’ could and should be. The imperatives that underlie the labour market for graduate schemes open up questions that pertain not only to immediate matters of employment. Rather, the discourses of ‘graduate work’ and ‘employability’ now appropriate deeper concerns regarding the meaning of individual freedom, choice and self-determination. Who is the ‘graduate’ and what are some of its cultural roots?

scholarly journals An Unrecorded Critical Response to Pope's Imitations of Horace by William Popple, c. 1755

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-346
Author(s):  
Stuart Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Critical Response

Bodleian MS Douce 201, one of four dispersed folio volumes which contain professional scribal copies of the later literary works of William Popple (1700–1764) in a form evidently intended for the printer, contains three extensive dialogues ‘between a certain … Doctor of D––y and A Critic’. The first and last of these discussions, none of which were printed in Popple's time, or have been printed since, are among the earliest critical works to address Alexander Pope's Imitations of Horace (first published 1733–8). They focus on Pope's versions of Horace's Satires 2.1 and 2.2 respectively, and their primary target is the editorial presentation of these texts by William Warburton in his edition of Pope's Works, 1751. They are closely related to Popple's own complete sequence of Horatian imitations (also largely unprinted) of the 1750s.

The Political Reception of Michel Houellebecq’s Submission

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-635
Author(s):  
Karl Ågerup
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Liberal Group ◽  
Defence Lawyer ◽  
Practical Tool

In 2015, French writer Michel Houellebecq’s novel Submission, which depicts a future France with a Muslim president, was repeatedly cited in political discourse about Islam, French identity, and terrorism. In the year of the novel’s publication, several Islamist terrorist attacks targeted France, and Houellebecq was often named in the debate on multiculturalism, immigration and the French secularist principle of laïcité. The reception of the novel is analysed in this article, focusing on ideological argumentation and political debate. Two opposite camps can be identified in this reception structure. Interestingly, the arguments of these camps are analogous to the arguments of the prosecutor and defence lawyer in the 1857 trial of Gustave Flaubert concerning his novel Madame Bovary. One and a half centuries after that trial, questions about the reader’s moral capacity and the author’s responsibility remain at the heart of the debate. While some liberal critics praise the ambiguities of the novel, trusting the reader’s ethical faculties, other critics condemn the novel and accuse the writer of expressing dubious values. As for the ideological homes of these critics, the liberal group represents left-wing, right-wing, and uncertain ideologies, whereas the gatekeeping group largely consists of left-leaning agents. The division into two reception groups and their respective discursive patterns and practices are analysed using the Bovary trial as a basis for comparison. It is concluded that in the anxious political climate of 2015 when terror, migration, and Islam were attracting considerable attention and when the populist right was on the rise, Houellebecq’s novel functioned as a political vehicle in government-sympathetic opinion making and as a practical tool for critics who positioned themselves as safeguarding generous migration and integration policies.

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