Building Coastal Resilience in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Colombia: Country Experiences with Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Tye ◽  
Jacob Waslander ◽  
Moushumi Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Resilience

scholarly journals Will population exposure to heat extremes intensify over Southeast Asia in a warmer world?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Sun ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Yi Fan ◽  
Shoupeng Zhu ◽  
Quanliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Heat Extremes

Abstract Temperature extremes have increased during the past several decades and are expected to intensify under current rapid global warming over Southeast Asia (SEA). Exposure to rising temperatures in highly vulnerable regions affects populations, ecosystems, and other elements that may suffer potential losses. Here, we evaluate changes in temperature extremes and future population exposure over SEA at global warming levels (GWLs) of 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C using outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results indicate that temperature extreme indices are projected to increase over SEA at both GWLs, with more significant magnitudes at 3.0 °C. However, daily temperature ranges (DTR) show a decrease. The substantial increase in total SEA population exposure to heat extremes from 730 million person-days at 2.0 °C GWL to 1,200 million person-days at 3.0 °C GWL is mostly contributed by the climate change component, accounting for 48%. In addition, if the global warming is restricted well below 2.0 °C, the avoided impacts in population exposure are prominent for most regions over SEA with the largest mitigation in the Philippines (PH). Aggregate population exposure to impacts is decreased by approximately 39% at 2.0 °C GWL, while the interaction component effect, which is associated with increased population and climate change, would decrease by 53%. This indicates the serious consequences for growing populations concurrent with global warming impacts if the current fossil-fueled development pathway is adhered to. The present study estimates the risks of increased temperature extremes and population exposure in a warmer future, and further emphasizes the necessity and urgency of implementing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in SEA.

Balancing permanent and forecast-based action to lessen wind-induced building damage in the Philippines.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demi Vonk ◽  
Marc van den Homberg ◽  
Nanette Kingma ◽  
Dinand Alkema ◽  
Aklilu Teklesadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Anticipatory Action

<p>With a global paradigm shift from post-disaster response aid to anticipatory action, the question on how anticipatory action relates to long-term climate adaptation and often government-led actions towards permanent disaster prevention becomes more relevant. With rising disaster risk, a framework that decision-makers can use to select between preventive and preparedness risk reduction efforts would be most useful. A model originally developed to compare permanent interventions to forecast-based action for floods was applied to wind-induced building damage due to tropical cyclones, focusing on a case study from the Philippines. We made use of a typhoon forecasting model based on the ensemble forecast from EMCWF, and modeled the wind footprint to estimate the wind speed in the case study area. A threshold was defined, similar to how it is done in actual operations by the Philippine Red Cross. If the forecasted typhoon exceeds a pre-set threshold in terms of wind speed, action to strengthen light-weight wooden houses with a Shelter Strengthening Kit (SSK) is taken. SSKs temporarily make these houses more resistant to withstand extreme winds, thereby reducing the impacts. This short term action is compared to a scenario in which lightweight wooden houses are permanently upgraded. Results give actors in humanitarian response, anticipatory action as well as permanent disaster prevention insight into which variables affect this balance. and help policymakers to allocate their scarce budgets in a cost-effective way. The framework, although developed for the Philippines, can also be replicated in other cyclone-prone countries. </p>

Climate Change and Coastal Vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Sathya Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Coastal Resilience ◽  
Normative Models

The convergence of geophysical and economic forces that continuously influence environmental quality in the coastal zone presents a grand challenge for resource and environmental economists. To inform climate adaptation policy and identify pathways to sustainability, economists must draw from different lines of inquiry, including nonmarket valuation, quasi-experimental analyses, common-pool resource theory, and spatial-dynamic modeling of coupled coastal-economic systems. Theoretical and empirical contributions in valuing coastal amenities and risks help examine the economic impact of climate change on coastal communities and provide a key input to inform policy analysis. Co-evolution of community demographics, adaptation decisions, and the physical coastline can result in unintended consequences, like climate-induced migration, that impacts community composition after natural disasters. Positive and normative models of coupled coastline systems conceptualize the feedbacks between physical coastline dynamics and local community decisions as a dynamic geoeconomic resource management problem. There is a pressing need for interdisciplinary research across natural and social sciences to better understand climate adaptation and coastal resilience.

United States: Blending Finance Mechanisms for Coastal Resilience and Climate Adaptation

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Katie Arkema ◽  
Rick Bennett ◽  
Alyssa Dausman ◽  
Len Materman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Resilience

scholarly journals The Invisible Flood: The Chemistry, Ecology, and Social Implications of Coastal Saltwater Intrusion

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tully ◽  
Keryn Gedan ◽  
Rebecca Epanchin-Niell ◽  
Aaron Strong ◽  
Emily S Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Tidal Inundation ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Coastal Resilience

Abstract Saltwater intrusion is the leading edge of sea-level rise, preceding tidal inundation, but leaving its salty signature far inland. With climate change, saltwater is shifting landward into regions that previously have not experienced or adapted to salinity, leading to novel transitions in biogeochemistry, ecology, and human land uses. We explore these changes and their implications for climate adaptation in coastal ecosystems. Biogeochemical changes, including increases in ionic strength, sulfidation, and alkalinization, have cascading ecological consequences such as upland forest retreat, conversion of freshwater wetlands, nutrient mobilization, and declines in agricultural productivity. We explore the trade-offs among land management decisions in response to these changes and how public policy should shape socioecological transitions in the coastal zone. Understanding transitions resulting from saltwater intrusion—and how to manage them—is vital for promoting coastal resilience.

scholarly journals Regional tropical cyclone impact functions for globally consistent risk assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-415
Author(s):  
Samuel Eberenz ◽  
Samuel Lüthi ◽  
David N. Bresch
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The West ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Regional Impact

Abstract. Assessing the adverse impacts caused by tropical cyclones has become increasingly important as both climate change and human coastal development increase the damage potential. In order to assess tropical cyclone risk, direct economic damage is frequently modeled based on hazard intensity, asset exposure, and vulnerability, the latter represented by impact functions. In this study, we show that assessing tropical cyclone risk on a global level with one single impact function calibrated for the USA – which is a typical approach in many recent studies – is problematic, biasing the simulated damage by as much as a factor of 36 in the north West Pacific. Thus, tropical cyclone risk assessments should always consider regional differences in vulnerability, too. This study proposes a calibrated model to adequately assess tropical cyclone risk in different regions by fitting regional impact functions based on reported damage data. Applying regional calibrated impact functions within the risk modeling framework CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) at a resolution of 10 km worldwide, we find global annual average direct damage caused by tropical cyclones to range from USD 51 up to USD 121 billion (value in 2014, 1980–2017) with the largest uncertainties in the West Pacific basin where the calibration results are the least robust. To better understand the challenges in the West Pacific and to complement the global perspective of this study, we explore uncertainties and limitations entailed in the modeling setup for the case of the Philippines. While using wind as a proxy for tropical cyclone hazard proves to be a valid approach in general, the case of the Philippines reveals limitations of the model and calibration due to the lack of an explicit representation of sub-perils such as storm surges, torrential rainfall, and landslides. The globally consistent methodology and calibrated regional impact functions are available online as a Python package ready for application in practical contexts like physical risk disclosure and providing more credible information for climate adaptation studies.

China and Germany strongly support climate cooperation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Economic ◽  
President Elect ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Oil Gas

Subject Climate change cooporation. Significance On January 17 at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, the president of China, Xi Jinping, urged all signatories to "stick to" the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The remarks came as President-elect Donald Trump's incoming cabinet readies measures to boost the oil, gas and coal industries in the United States while cutting aid budgets that would contribute to climate change adaptation. Impacts If US support for climate adaptation weakens, Germany and China may try to use events such as the next G20 Summit to counterbalance this. The share of world GDP subject to carbon pricing may rise from 13% to 25% this year if China implements a national carbon trading scheme. The United States may ally itself with Saudi Arabia, the Philippines and other slow climate change adopters in climate talks.

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