The National Composite Index for Family Planning (NCIFP): Results and Methodological Issues

Background: The “ FP2020 Global Partnership” signaled a shift to broader, rights-based approaches to family planning programs, and the National Composite Index for Family Planning was developed as part of related measurement efforts. Methods: In each country 10-15 experts on the family planning program completed a 35-item questionnaire, first in 2014 in 89 countries, and in 2017 in 84 countries. Data were entered in Excel, with checks for consistency and data quality. The total score, and scores for each of 5 dimensions of effort are averages across the 35 indicators. Analytic techniques included cross-tabulations, graphical and correlation approaches. Results: The average total score for all countries in 2017 was 64 of the maximum of 100 of effort. Sub-regions differed: Anglophone and Francophone sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) scored highest in the total score and across all 5 dimensions. Next in order came Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Despite large differences in scores, the sub-regions followed similar profiles across the 35 indicators. The long term rise in the basic family planning effort scores continued, extending the series from surveys approximately every five years beginning in the 1980s. The highest score reached was for the strategy dimension, but the others were close. Their relative levels remained essentially the same as in the 2014 survey. NCIFP scores correlated positively with modern contraceptive use in both the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and non-sub-Saharan Africa (non-SSA) countries, but the relationships were stronger for SSA. Access to long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) was accompanied by greater LAPM use and modern method use. Conclusion: Repeated surveys in most developing countries show improvements in family planning effort, though unevenly, by 35 indicators and across regions.

Urabá

This chapter returns to the fraught relationship between Medellín and Urabá, which in its latest iteration involved an elaborate regional planning effort aimed at creating, once and for all, a meaningful, lasting state presence in the region. This was the Plan Estratégico Urabá–Darién (Urabá–Darién Strategic Plan, or PEUD). The PEUD was the culmination, which is not to say the end, of the long history of frontier making discussed in previous chapters. As a scaled-up version of Medellín's social urbanism, the PEUD was supposed to “finally bring the presence of the state to Urabá once and for all.” It was the latest and one of the more elaborate iterations of the frontier effect. Although the state-building efforts of the PEUD—at least under this official name—started fizzling out in 2016, their effects are written into Urabá's social and physical landscape, becoming yet another layer of the sedimented histories that continue shaping the political life of this frontier zone.

Allocating Planning Effort When Actions Expire

Making plans that depend on external events can be tricky. For example, an agent considering a partial plan that involves taking a bus must recognize that this partial plan is only viable if completed and selected for execution in time for the agent to arrive at the bus stop. This setting raises the thorny problem of allocating the agent’s planning effort across multiple open search nodes, each of which has an expiration time and an expected completion effort in addition to the usual estimated plan cost. This paper formalizes this metareasoning problem, studies its theoretical properties, and presents several algorithms for solving it. Our theoretical results include a surprising connection to job scheduling, as well as to deliberation scheduling in time-dependent planning. Our empirical results indicate that our algorithms are effective in practice. This work advances our understanding of how heuristic search planners might address realistic problem settings.

Empowering collaborations and creating brave spaces: People of Color in Library and Information Science Summit

The William H. Hannon Library at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) in Los Angeles, California, held the first People of Color in Library and Information Science (POC in LIS) Summit on July 13, 2018. The summit was a collaborative planning effort by LMU librarians to create a productive and brave space for POC, especially women and marginalized identities, working in the information sector. The POC in LIS Summit invited participants to challenge their roles as information workers and acknowledge that dominant narratives may be disrupted.

THE 2019 TEXAS COASTAL RESILIENCY MASTER PLAN

In 2017, the Texas General Land Office (GLO) released the first Texas Coastal Resiliency Master Plan, an ambitious coastal planning effort to restore, enhance and protect more than 367 miles of coast and some 3,300 miles of bays and estuaries for the State of Texas. The lynchpin of the planning effort is its emphasis on shoring up the coast by using the latest coastal technology backed by research on Texas coastal environments, coastal hydrodynamics and morphology, and sediment supply, among others, in conjunction with federal, public, and private entity coordination. By championing a statewide Plan to guide the future of coastal management, the GLO will assure that Texas continues to restore, enhance, and protect its coastlines and communities.

Evaluation of Academic Experience in Learning Education over Simulators Softwares

This article presents an overview of simulated education through computational tools. In recent years, educational institutions have been working even harder in the application of virtual teaching and learning environments, which are available to different undergraduate and technical courses. During the learning process, the student is invited to try out some forms of different subjects and learning contents. The use of technologies gained a great deal of space in these institutions in order to allow students to experiment different theories in practical settings. Simulators allow students to conduct hands-on experiments without the need for real environments, which consequently generates costs and also a planning effort. This paper presents a study of the application of software simulators in different technological courses. After the application of the simulators, the students were invited to answer a Quiz in order to understand the effectiveness of the use of the simulators in the learning of each one. Results show that students considered the use of simulators to be advantageous and important, but it is still not enough to suppress the use of practical classes in real environments.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN MENTERI AGRARIA DAN TATA RUANG TENTANG PERCEPATAN PELAKSANAAN PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP DI KOTA BANDUNG

This research aims to know the strategy of the Government in the implementation of the programme of PTSL and to find out how big a success rate of Program execution PTSL in Bandung. The results showed that the Government strategy of Bandung Bandung in BPN through program implementation through the preparation of PTSL ripe includes socialization, the determination of the location, planning effort, and the establishment of the Committee ajudikasi acceleration, training and outreach. The success rate of execution of PTSL in Bandung from the target amount of the targeted land certificate 93,000 just 7,234 certificates or reached only 7.78% of the data that researchers get. This is caused by a number of working groups, the situation is not comparable with the volume so that the targets set in the achievement of the targets still not be met.

Tax Planning Implementation on Income Tax, Article 23 as A Legal Effort To Minimize Tax Expense Payable

<p>An effort to minimize tax burden can be done in various ways start from inside the scope of taxation regulation to violate the taxation regulation. This research focuses on related Laws with the efforts to minimize Income tax. In general tax planning referred to engineered the business process and tax payer transaction. The aim is tax payable in minimal number but under taxation regulation scope. The outline of this study focus on planning effort of Tax Income Article 23 to minimize tax expense payable run in PT. TRIPERKASA AMININDAH Surabaya. Tax planning that done in this company refer to provision in accordance with Directorate General of Tax Decision Number : Kep-305/PJ/2001 on the estimates of nett income. Tax planning had done by this company in addition to refer the regulation also based on the condition of this company which experiencing poor performance. Then the aim that will be reached from that tax planning to reach minimal expense over the Income Tax Article 23 it can be done with gross up method. From the analysis result on the alternative it can draw a conclusion that PT. TRIPERKASA AMININDAH Surabaya has made adjustments on the regulation above, calculation of Income Tax Article 23 with gross up method in fact be able to saving the tax then suitable with the tax planning aim that is effort to minimize tax expense payable. </p>