scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY STATUS: ITS DRIVERS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG VEGETABLE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Author(s):  
Ridwan MUKAILA ◽  
Abraham FALOLA ◽  
Olubunmi Abayomi OMOTESHO
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Farming Households

Food insecurity remains a major challenge worldwide, especially among the rural areas of developing nation. Women and children are most vulnerable to this phenomenon. However, while many studies have assessed farming households’ food security status in general, there is dearth of information on vegetable farmers’, who are mostly women, food security status in particular. This study, therefore, investigated the food security status of vegetable farming households, its drivers and coping strategies in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, food insecurity index and logistic regression were used to analysed data collected from 180 respondents. The findings showed that food insecurity remains a major challenge in rural areas as only 45.55% were food secure. The food secure group surpassed the food security line by 17%. Food insecure group fell below the food security line by 36% with a daily average calorie intake of 1581.35 kcal. Annual income (p< 0.1), cooperative membership (p< 0.1), vegetable production (p< 0.05) and access to credit (p< 0.05) were the significant factors enhancing their food security status, while household size (p< 0.01) negatively influenced it. The widely used food insecurity coping mechanisms by the households were eating less expensive food, eating wild fruits, reducing rational consumption, allowing children to eat first, borrowing money to buy food, buying food on credit and skipping meal within a day. The study recommends encouragement of vegetable production through provision of credit facilities to the farmers as this would enhance their food security status.

scholarly journals Determinants of Food Security Status and Coping Strategies to Food Insecurity among Rural Crop Farming Households in Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Adegoroye, Ademola ◽  
Olutumise, Adewale Isaac ◽  
Aturamu, Oluyede Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Crop Farming ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Farming Households

This study examined the food security status and coping strategies to food insecurity of rural arable crop farming households in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used and a multistage sampling procedure was used to select 150 respondents. Food Security Index (FSI), Probit regression model and Coping Strategy Use Index (CSUI) were employed to carry out the analysis. The empirical findings revealed that (54%) of rural arable crop farming households in the study area were food secure based on the recommended minimum calorie of 2260Kcal. Furthermore, the empirical analysis revealed that gender of the household head, household size, farm size and farm income of the household head had significant influence on the household food security status. The most widely employed coping strategy was withdrawal from personal savings as indicated by 14.82 percent of household and while reliance on less expensive food and purchasing food on credit were ranked second and third respectively with 13.66 and 12.85 percent by the food insecure households. In other to ensure sustainable food security among the households, the study recommended effective household size management, and enlightenment programmes on family planning in the study area. Farmers should increase their farm sizes. Farmers should use more inputs and technologies to increase output. Farmers should also be encouraged to have additional source of income towards attaining food security in the study area.

scholarly journals RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ FOOD INSECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Iboh Andrew Okidim ◽  
Lynda Ogechi Egwue ◽  
Data Irene Ekine ◽  
Eleoke Chikwe Chukuigwe
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food System ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Farming Households

Food insecurity is a challenge in developing countries, especially in the rural areas of Nigeria. It remains a global challenge and continues to be a major public policy in Nigeria and other developing nations. Despite these, COVID-19 set in and posed a serious threat to food system and security globally. This study, therefore, assessed the level of food security among the rural farming households and how they cope with the situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for the study were collected primarily from 200 farming households with the use of questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, food security index and Likert scale. The findings showed that the level of food insecurity was very high during the pandemic as 69.5% were food insecure with a high concentration among those with large household size. The widely adopted coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among the rural farming households were eating less expensive food (=2.7), reducing rational consumption (=2.68), allowing children to eat first (=2.56), engaging in additional small scale productivity activities (=2.27), skipping meal within a day (=2.26), buying food on credit (=2.05) and borrowing money to buy food (=2.01). The study recommends effective and urgent policy measures which will support rural households’ food availability to boost their food security status. Also, enlightenment of the rural households on the important of modern family planning on their food security status is needed.

Analysis of Causes and Coping Strategies of Food Insecurity: The Case of Central and North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522110352
Author(s):  
Wondim Awoke ◽  
Kefale Eniyew ◽  
Belete Meseret
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
And Coping

In Ethiopia, food insecurity is a major problem, which affects the livelihood of rural communities. Hence, this study was conducted in Central and North Gondar Zones with the main aim of analysing causes and coping strategies of food insecurity. Primary data were collected through an interview schedule, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 500 sample respondents were selected through a systematic sampling technique. Data were analysed through simple descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Frequently used coping strategies by sample respondents were planting early maturing crop (82.4%), turning to low-quality and cheaper foodstuff (81.2%), changing cropping pattern (78.6%), sale of livestock (75.6%) and purchasing food on cash 75.0%. Sex, educational status, fertiliser utilisation, livelihood diversification and off-farm activities had an association and significant with a food security status of sample respondents at p ≤ 0.01. Furthermore, farmland and on-farm were significantly associated with food security status at 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05 and 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10, respectively. To ensure food security, different organisations that support rural households should be aware of peak food insecurity seasons. Moreover, due attention should be paid to practical-oriented education and training to diversify the household’s livelihood.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS FOOD INSECURITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Ogechi Lynda EGWUE ◽  
Ikechi Kelechi AGBUGBA ◽  
Ridwan MUKAILA
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Average Household Size ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Food Insecure Households

The problem of food insecurity remains a challenge in developing countries, especially in rural areas. Despite the rising level of food insecurity, COVID-19 set in and was said to pose a threat to food security globally if adequate measures are not quickly put in place. This study, therefore, described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; examined the extent to which the rural households are food secure or otherwise during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the drivers of food security status among rural households in South-East Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 200 households with the use of structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, food security index and logistics regression. Results of the findings revealed that the majority of the household heads were male (92%), married (93.5%), educated (87.5%) and had an average age of 54 years. They had an average household size of 7 persons, an average farming experience of 22 years, an average monthly income of N14, 305.5 and majority (83%) do not belong to a cooperative society. Majority (69.5%) of the households were food insecure, while only (30.5%) were food secure. The food-secure households had an average household size of 5 persons, while the food insecure households had 9 persons in their households. The headcount ratio of food secure households was 0.30, while it was 0.70 for food-insecure households. This shows that at least two out of three persons were food insecure in the study area. The surplus/shortfall index indicates that the food secure households exceeded the calorie requirement by 12%, while the food insecure fell short of the recommended calorie intake by 39%. Square food insecure gap or square shortfall index which indicate the severity of food insecurity among the food insecure household was 0.0056. The average calorie available (adult equivalent per day) for food secure households was 2523.5kcal, while average calorie available (AE/day) for food-insecure households was 1389.05kcal. The identified positive drivers of food security were marital status, educational level, cooperative members and annual income of the household heads. While, age of household head, household size and COVID-19 negatively influenced food security status. The study recommends, among others, putting in place immediate policy measures to reduce the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on rural household’s food security through the provision of enough palliatives which should be monitored so that it gets to the targeted population. Effective household size management and enlightenment programs on modern family planning techniques should be encouraged in rural areas. Rural households should also be educated on the nutritional implication of the various food items such as egg, milk, soybean and fish, especially for children to increase their protein intake and boost their immune system against COVID-19.

scholarly journals ASSESSEMENT OF YOUTH MIGRATION AND FOOD SECURITY AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu Abdulganiyu SALAU
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
Farming Households

Food insecurity is fast becoming a key topic in economic growth and development. Hence, this study examined food security status before and after youth migration and assessed the effect of youth migration on food security among farming households. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to obtain data from 240 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, likert scale, food security index and binary logistic regression. The result revealed that most (86.3%) of the respondents were males with an average age of 48.5years. The reasons behind youth migration are poor roads, the search for white collar jobs and laborious nature of farming. Furthermore, the average yield before and after youth migration were 1879.8 kg/ha and 884.1kg/ha grain equivalent respectively. Moreover, 61.7% and 38.3% of the households were food secure and food insecure before youth migration respectively. Worst still, after youth migration, 70% of the households were food insecure while 30% were food secure. The ratio of rural youth migrants to household size, crop yield difference, level of education, household size, food crop losses, quantity of cereals consumed, quantity of legume consumed, quantity of root and tuber crops consumed and access to remittances were the variables explaining food security in the area. Governments at all levels should provide basic infrastructural facilities in the rural areas to encourage youth to stay at home. Youth should be enlightened on the negative consequences of migration. Policies towards reducing household size should be encouraged to raise food security of households

scholarly journals Food security assessment of NGO supported and own managed pond fish farmers of two districts in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Akhi ◽  
MT Uddin ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Daily Calorie Intake

The study was conducted to assess the food security status of pond fish farming under NGO supported and own managed and to evaluate the influential factors of NGOs’ intervention on pond fish farmers’ food security in two districts of Bangladesh. Random sampling technique was used to select farmers from two groups of pond fish farming: one is NGO supported and another is own managed farmers. A total of 120 farmers (60 for NGO supported and 60 for own managed) were selected for data collection. To identify the factors influencing the food security status of fish farming households, a food security index (Z) was constructed and food security status of each household was determined based on the food security line using the recommended daily calorie intake approach. Logit model was used to estimate the food security status of households as a function of a set of independent determinants. Based on the recommended daily calorie intake of 2122 kcal, it is observed that 95 percent of the households were food secure and 5 percent households were food insecure in case of NGO supported fish farmers. On the other hand, 30 percent of the households were food secure and 70 percent households were food insecure in case of own managed fish farmers. The result of logit model shows that six out of eight variables included in the model were significant in explaining the variation in food security status. These variables were: age of the household head, education level of the household head, farm size, intervention on fish farming, income from fish and non-farm income. The study, therefore, recommended improved access to technical supports of pond fish farming households is necessary to ensure food security status at the national level.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 273-281, December 2015

Food Insecurity, Carotenoid Values and Coping Strategies of Students on a Mid-Sized College Campus

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Smith ◽  
Chandra R. Story ◽  
Korissa C. Hobbs ◽  
Tyler Bos ◽  
Garvita Thareja
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Coping

Food insecurity is a serious public health problem among college students, negatively affecting academic performance and health outcomes. The primary objective of the study involved the exploration of the potential association between food insecurity and carotenoid scan levels. Additionally, the association between food insecurity and coping strategies utilized was investigated. A Qualtrics survey and BioPhotonic Scanner™ were utilized to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional study with students from a mid-size four-year university (n=410). The USDA food security definitions and assessment tools were used for categorization. More than 31% percent of participants were classified as food insecure, with 5.1% considered very low and 26.6% low food security. A statistically significant factor associated with food insecurity was ethnicity (OR= .19). Other factors included: skipped buying textbooks to buy food (OR=.09), avoided buying expensive foods like fruits and vegetables (OR=.24), stretched food by limiting (OR= .09), removed spoiled parts from fruits and vegetables (OR= .73). Carotenoid scan scores were not associated with food insecurity. Coping strategies are often used by food insecure students and should be further examined to pinpoint promising strategies.

scholarly journals Food Security Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families with Young Children in An Urban Setting: Influencing Factors and Coping Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisa McCarthy ◽  
Anne Chang ◽  
Julie Brimblecombe
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
And Coping

Evidence on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ food security experiences and coping strategies used when food insecurity occurs is limited. Such evidence is important to inform policies that can reduce the consequences of food insecurity. This study investigated factors perceived by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families with young children to influence household food security, and coping strategies used, in an urban setting. A qualitative research inductive approach was used. Data were collected through an iterative process of inquiry through initial interviews with 30 primary care-givers, followed by in-depth interviews with six participants to further explore emerging themes. Major topics explored were: influencing factors, food insecurity experiences, impact on food selection, and coping strategies. Food affordability relating to income and living expenses was a major barrier to a healthy diet with large household bills impacting food choice and meal quality. Access to family support was the main reported coping strategy. Food insecurity is experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families, it is largely intermittent occurring especially when large household bills are due for payment. Family support provides an essential safety net and the implications of this are important to consider in public policy to address food insecurity.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and mental health of women during COVID-19: Evidence from a developing country

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255392
Author(s):  
Tabassum Rahman ◽  
M. D. Golam Hasnain ◽  
Asad Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Food Security Status

Background This study examines the association between food insecurity and mental health of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a resource poor setting. Materials and methods Data were collected at two time-points (wave 1 and 2) from 2402 women, one per household, participating in a larger study during extended COVID-19 lockdown in the rural areas of the southwest region of Bangladesh. The primary outcome of the analyses is the association between food insecurity, measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and stress level, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), for women during the lockdown. General awareness about COVID-19 and attitude towards prescribed preventive measures were also measured since COVID-19 health concerns could exacerbate food insecurity. Results An individual-level evaluation of the effect of wave 2 FIES score on PSS score showed that worsening of the food security status increasing the stress level of the participants (95% CI: 1.61; 2.13; p-value: <0.001). Additionally, a significant negative association was observed between the PSS score and change in food security status between the two waves (Coefficient: -1.15, 95% CI: -1.30; -0.99, p-value: <0.001), indicating that deterioration in food security status over the pandemic period increasing the stress level. At the village level, the results showed a similar pattern. General awareness around ways coronavirus spreads was high, yet there were misperceptions at a higher level. Maintaining hand hygiene, wearing face masks outside the home, and going outside only when necessary were widely practised. Fewer respondents could maintain a 1.5-metre distance from others in the outside and maintained cough and sneeze etiquette. Conclusion The results indicate a higher stress level, a potential contributor to poor mental health, as food insecurity deteriorated. Policy initiatives in ameliorating immediate food insecurity during crises, improving long-term wellbeing, and expanding the reach of mental health support are warranted.

Measuring food security status among households in Osun State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1554-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiu Olayinka Fawole ◽  
Burhan Ozkan ◽  
Festus Ayanwole Ayanrinde
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Heads

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the food security status of 150 households in Osun state of Nigeria. The study area was chosen because relatively little energy consumption data are available concerning this geographical location. Design/methodology/approach – The study used both primary and secondary data. The suitable households sample was chosen by multi-stage random sampling technique. The methodology employed to group the households into either food secure or food insecure is by comparing daily per capita calorie consumption by each household with the threshold daily per capita calorie requirement of 2,710 kcal/day/adult equivalent. This method has proven to be efficient in measuring food security at household level. Findings – The results of the study reveal that majority of the households surveyed are food insecure that is their daily per capita calorie intake falls below the recommended daily per capita calorie requirement. The food insecure households constitute 54 per cent, surplus index of 0.36 per cent and food insecurity gap of 0.0038. Research limitations/implications – The greatest limitation to this study is the inability to collect data on the distribution of income, budget share on foods and socio-economic characteristics of the households to determine how their food security status is influenced due to impediments such as time, limited resources to collect a complete dataset used for the study. Also, recalling accurately the foods eaten in the last 24-hour was difficult for some of the household heads especially the aged ones and precise measurement of foods portion were also not accurate in some cases. Practical implications – The findings of the study will help the stakeholders in food sector in policy formulations and also serve as reference for other researchers who will work on similar topic. Social implications – The revelation that majority of the households are lacking in calorie intake will provide guidance for stakeholders in food sector to put in place efforts that will improve balance between food production and accessibility. Originality/value – The study used original data collected directly from the households for the study using structured questionnaires and the reference materials from secondary sources are appropriately cited. Also, it is worthy to note that not many studies have been carried out in the study area on food security especially in the rural areas.

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