A comparison of the physiological responses to heat stress of juvenile and adult starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus)

Abstract Pregnant sows, especially during late-gestation, may be susceptible to heat stress due to increased metabolic heat production and body mass. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows exposed to increasing ambient temperature (TA) at 3 reproductive stages. In 3 repetitions, 27 multiparous sows (parity 3.22±0.89) were individually housed and had jugular catheters placed 5.0±1.0 d prior to the experiment. To differentiate between reproductive stages, sows were categorized as open (not pregnant, n=9), mid-gestation (59.7±9.6 days pregnant, n=9), or late-gestation (99.0±4.8 days pregnant, n=9). During the experiment, sows were exposed to 6 consecutive 1 h periods of increasing TA (period 1, 14.39±2.14°C; period 2, 16.20±1.39°C; period 3, 22.09±1.87°C; period 4, 26.34±1.39°C; period 5, 30.56±0.81°C; period 6, 35.07±0.96°C), with 1 h transition phases in between each period. Respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and vaginal temperature (TV) were measured every 20 min and the mean was calculated for each period. At the end of each period, blood gases, leukocytes, and red blood cell counts were measured. Overall, RR and HR were greater (P≤0.04; 45.6% and 12.9%, respectively) in late-gestation versus mid-gestation sows. Compared to mid-gestation and open sows, TV tended to be greater (P=0.06) during period 4 (0.18°C and 0.29°C, respectively) and period 5 (0.14°C and 0.18°C, respectively) in late-gestation sows. Blood O2 increased (P< 0.01; 18.1%) for all sows with advancing period, regardless of reproductive stage. Late-gestation sows had reduced (P=0.02; 16.1%) blood CO2 compared to mid-gestation sows, regardless of period. In summary, late-gestation sows appear to be more sensitive to increasing TA as indicated by increased RR, HR, TV, and blood O2, and reduced blood CO2 when compared to mid-gestation or open sows. This change in O2 and CO2, due to increasing RR and heat stress sensitivity of late-gestation sows, may suggest an alteration to the acid-base balance, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

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Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog on milt production enhancement in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus

Fisheries Science ◽

10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00555.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1197-1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

HAN KYU LIM ◽

HYON SOB HAN ◽

YOUNG JIN CHANG

Keyword(s):

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Starry Flounder ◽

Platichthys Stellatus ◽

Hormone Analog

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Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from a dinucleotide-enriched genomic library of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and cross-species amplification

Conservation Genetics ◽

10.1007/s10592-008-9594-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 631-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Guidong Miao ◽

Changwei Shao ◽

Hongyu Ma ◽

Xiaolin Liao ◽

Songlin Chen

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Genomic Library ◽

Enriched Genomic Library ◽

Starry Flounder ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Platichthys Stellatus ◽

Polymorphic Microsatellite

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Wetting and the physiological responses of grain-fed cattle in a heated environment

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03110 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 253 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

John B. Gaughan ◽

M. Shane Davis ◽

Terry L. Mader

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Hot Days ◽

Carry Over

A controlled crossover experimental design was used to determine the effect of altered water sprinkling duration on heifers subjected to heat stress conditions. Heifers were subjected to 3 days of thermoneutral conditions followed by 3 days of hot conditions accompanied by water sprinkling between 1300 and 1500 h (HOT1–3). Then on the following 2 days (HOT4–5), environmental conditions remained similar, but 3 heifers were sprinkled between 1200 and 1600 h (WET) and 3 were not sprinkled (NONWET). This was followed by a 1-day period (HOT6) in which environmental conditions and sprinkling regimen were similar to HOT1–3. Rectal temperature (RT) was collected hourly, and respiration rate (RR) was monitored every 2 h on HOT Days 2, 4, 5, and 6. Dry matter intake and rate of eating were also determined. Sprinkling reduced RR and RT (P < 0.01) of all heifers during HOT1–3. During HOT4–5, WET heifers had lower (P < 0.05) RT than NONWET from 1300 to 700 h and lower RR from 1400 to 2000 h. Dry matter intake of NONWET heifers was reduced by 30.6% (P < 0.05) during HOT4–5 and by 51.2% on HOT6. On HOT4–5 the dry matter intakes of WET heifers were similar to intakes under thermoneutral conditions. During HOT6, RT was again reduced following sprinkling in all heifers. Comparison of RT and RR of NONWET and WET heifers on HOT1–3 v. HOT6 revealed that under similar environmental conditions, NONWET heifers had increased RT, partially due to carry-over from HOT4–5. However, NONWET heifers had 40% lower feed intake but tended to have lower RR on HOT6 v. HOT1–3. Only RR of WET heifers was greater on HOT6, possibly a result of switching from a 4-h back to a 2-h sprinkling period, while maintaining a 62% greater intake (5.80 v. 3.58 kg/day) than NONWET heifers during this time. Results suggest that inconsistent cooling regimens may increase the susceptibility of cattle to heat stress and elicit different physiological and metabolic responses.

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Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002228 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. K. SHINDE ◽

RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽

S. K. SANKHYAN ◽

D. L. VERMA

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Face Mask ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Mean ◽

Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

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Comparative Efficacy of Physiological Responses and Skin Temperatures in Indigenous and Crossbred Cattle Supplemented with Chlorophytum borivilianum in Summer Season

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4539 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pooja Devi ◽

Mahendra Singh ◽

Yallappa M. Somagond ◽

A.K. Roy

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

High Dose ◽

Crossbred Cattle ◽

Comparative Efficacy ◽

Production Potential ◽

Chlorophytum Borivilianum ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Skin Temperatures

Background: Heat stress causes oxidative stress and declines milk production potential of cows. The physiological responses and skin temperature of heat stressed animals are good indices for deterring the heat stress. The efficacy of medicinal herb Chlorophytum borivilianum (CB) was tested in lowering the rise in values of physiological responses and skin temperature in crossbred vis a vis Indigenous cows. Methods: Eighteen Tharparkar (TP) and Crossbred KF cows in mid-lactation were given; No supplement (control), a low (T1, n=6) and a high dose (T2, n=6) of CB @ 40 and 80 mg/kg BW/day, respectively for 90 days during hot-humid season. Respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) was recorded at the site of forehead, neck, rear body, and udder surface in the morning and afternoon at weekly intervals. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated to assess the degree of thermal stress in animals. Result: Physiological responses and skin temperatures were higher (p less than 0.01) in the afternoon than morning intervals in TP and KF cows. CB feeding significantly lowered physiological responses and ST (p less than 0.01) in high dose as compared to low dose. It was concluded that CB feeding @ 80 mg/kg BW/day effectively alleviates the heat stress. Indigenous cows were found more heat tolerant in comparison to crossbred cows.

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