scholarly journals A Sociopragmatic Study of Intra-Gender Compliment Responses by Saudi College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-166
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Compliment Responses ◽  
Face Management ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines compliment responses in Hejazi Arabic as used by Saudi college students. It focuses on the types of compliment responses used, the relationship of the speaker’s gender with his/her compliment behavior, and the sociocultural values attached to this behavior. Examples of compliment responses were elicited from King Abdulaziz University students using a number of compliment formulas that are generally considered to be very common in Hejazi Arabic. The compliment responses were analyzed in terms of their semantic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic characteristics, based on Leech’s (1983) politeness maxims and the face-management approach of Brown and Levinson (1987). The analysis shows that the speakers, especially women, accept the compliment paid to them in the majority of the compliment responses collected, which can be accounted for by Leech’s Approbation, Tact and Agreement Maxims in which the interlocutors emphasize their closeness with each other. In accordance with face-politeness, the dominance of the acceptance compliment responses makes them as positive politeness strategies in which the compliment recipient negotiates or offers solidarity with the complimenter. In examining the concepts of complimenting in culture-specific contexts, this research provides further data to understand, illustrate and test the abovementioned politeness models. It also contributes to sociolinguistic theory by examining variation in the use of compliment responses in same-sex interactions. Keywords: compliments; compliment responses; gender; Hejazi Arabic; politeness maxims, positive politeness

scholarly journals Politeness in compliment responses

Pragmatics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şükriye Ruhi
Keyword(s):  
Management Approach ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Compliment Responses ◽  
Face Management ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Face

This paper analyses a corpus of compliment responses in Turkish according to the conversational maxim approach (Leech 1983, 2003) and the face-management approach (Brown and Levinson 1987) with a view to extending the conceptualisation of self-presentation in theorising on politeness. It observes that the two theories ground politeness on consideration for alter and give precedence to politeness in the sense of displaying deference and solidarity at the expense of self-politeness, described in the present study as speaker need for display of competence, self-confidence, and individuality in interaction, besides the need for non-imposition. Regarding the maxim approach, the paper argues that conversational implicatures triggered by a variety of responses ultimately tie to the Tact Maxim and more specifically to the Sympathy Maxim in the Turkish context. The analysis reveals that compliment responses may override the Politeness Principle, that self-presentational concerns are crucial motivating factors, and that face concerns need to be incorporated into the model. From the perspective of the face-management approach, the study supports the claim in O’Driscoll (1996) and Spencer-Oatey (2000) that the notions of positive and negative face as need for community and autonomy need to be disentangled from the theory’s conceptualisation of face as public self-image. With the incorporation of a number of self-politeness strategies, the face-theoretic analysis builds on this distinction and integrates it with the concept of interactional imbalance by extending an analytic framework adapted from Bayraktaroğlu (1991). The paper concludes with suggestions on how the two theories may complement each other.

The Relationship of University Students' Sleep Habits and Academic Motivation

NASPA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellah M. Edens
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
College Health ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

College students are sleeping less during the week than reported a few years ago. Lack of sleep among college students has been identified as one of the top three healthrelated impediments to academic performance by the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment survey; and it is associated with lower grades, incompletion of courses, as well as negative moods. This research examines the underlying dynamics of lack of sleep on academic motivation, a key predictor of academic performance. Specifically, the relationship of sleep habits with self-efficacy, performance versus mastery goal orientation, persistence, and tendency to procrastinate were investigated. Findings indicate that 42% of the participants (159 students out of a total of 377) experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); and those identified with EDS tend: (1) to be motivated by performance goals rather than mastery goals; (2) to engage in procrastination (a self-handicapping strategy) to a greater extent than students who are rested; and (3) to have decreased self-efficacy, as compared to students not reporting EDS. Several recommendations for campus health professionals to consider for a Healthy Campus Initiative are made based on the findings.

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

The Approval Motive, Vicarious Reinforcement and Verbal Conditioning

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marlowe ◽  
Russell S. Beecher ◽  
Jonathan B. Cook ◽  
Anthony N. Doob
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Construction Task

This study investigated the relationship of approval motivation to verbal conditioning under vicarious reinforcement. Fifteen college students completed 20 operant trials in a sentence construction task. They then observed E reinforce a “programmed” confederate who emitted critical responses according to a typical acquisition curve. Fifteen control Ss observed identical confederate behavior with the reinforcements omitted. An additional 15 control Ss did not receive the observation phase. All Ss then were given 40 nonreinforced trials. A significant conditioning effect occurred only for Ss with high need for approval in the vicarious reinforcement condition. Results were related to previous verbal conditioning research.

Overcoming Barriers To a Cognitive Psychology of Religion

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Robert N. Mccauley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cognitive Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aims of this paper are to identify three barriers to the development of cognitive approaches to the study of religion and to suggest how each might be circumvented. The first of these barriers is methodological and lurks amid two issues that, historically, have dominated anthropologists' reflections on the relationship of their discipline to psychology. The older of the two can be characterized as the "psychic unity" controversy (see Shore 1995). The second issue is the controversy over the "autonomy of culture". Advocates of the latter thesis are usually unsympathetic to psychological explanations of religious phenomena. In the first section, I shall begin by briefly examining each of those issues and then exploring the connections between the two as well as interesting logical tensions that arise in the face of popular responses to each. In section two, I shall consider a pair of barriers to a cognitive psychology of religion rooted in two strategies that have dominated many psychologists' approaches to the study of religion. I will argue that for some purposes, at least, both strategies should be relaxed. Finally, in section three, I shall briefly sketch one sort of cognitive approach to religious phenomena, suggesting how it handles the two strategic barriers in particular.

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