scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF COURTS IN THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG TO STRENGTHEN THE LABOR DISCIPLINE OF THE SOVIET SOCIETY IN THE EARLY 1940s

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Kaвurkin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Policy ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Second World ◽  
Significant Distance

The article reflects the peculiarities of implementing the penal and labor policy by the Soviet party and state bodies, including judicial ones in the Ostyako-Vogulsky, later Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug, their interrelation in the early 1940s. The stages of evolving and forming the administrative-territorial structure in the region are also touched upon. The relevance of the stated topic is noted. In the conditions of the Second World War and on the eve of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR, there were noticeable changes in the social policy of the state, which were conditioned by the needs of the country’s defense. It is known that in the 1930s tensions in international relations increased, there was a threat of an attack on the USSR. Due to this in 1940s the transition to an 8-hour working day and a 7-day working week was carried out in all regions of the country. In the same year, a law was adopted on the judicial responsibility up to imprisonment for unauthorized leave, absenteeism and tardiness as a result of which criminal penalties and the role of punitive, including judicial, bodies were strengthened in the country. The article notes that in the harsh northern conditions, taking into account the vast territory of the district, a significant distance separating settlements from each other, the lack of proper transport links between settlements, it was impossible to properly and promptly ensure proper consideration of criminal cases, which did not allow the territorial judicial authorities of the Ostyak-Vogul (Khanty-Mansiysk) National Okrug to make correct and balanced decisions in a timely manner. However, the judicial authorities of the district played an important role in strengthening labor discipline in the region in the early 1940s.

scholarly journals The Spaces of Nostalgia(s) and the Politics of Belonging in Contemporary Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Koziura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Center ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. This article explores ways in which Habsburg nostalgia has become an important factor in contemporary place-making strategies in the city of Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine. Through the analysis of diasporic homecomings, city center revitalization, and nationalist rhetoric surrounding the politics of monuments, I explore hybrid and diverse ways in which Habsburg nostalgia operates in a given setting. Rather than a static and homogenous form of place attachment, in Chernivtsi different cultural practices associated with Habsburg nostalgia coexist with each other and depending on the political context as well as the social position of the “nostalgic agents” manifest themselves differently. Drawing from my long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that in order to fully understand individuals’ attachment to space, it is necessary to grasp both the subtle emotional ways in which the city is experienced by individuals as well as problematize the role of the built environment in the visualization of collective memory and emotions of particular groups. The focus on changing manifestations of the Habsburg nostalgia can bring then a better understanding of the range and scope of the city’s symbolic resources that might be mobilized for various purposes.

Literaturrevolution in Continental Jewish Aesthetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
East Central ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
East Central European ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe German term Literaturrevolution, associated with the modern period in literature, covers various aesthetical ideas and ideologies revolving around the notion of revolution. Concerning revolt, Literaturrevolution entails a radical reinterpretation of the relation between art and reality as it charts the role of art during the socio-political upheavals of modernity. The article traces the variety of readings of the notion of revolution present in francophone and germanophone Jewish literature and meta-literary discussions in Europe from the early 1900s until the outbreak of the Second World War. It accounts for the reception, adaptation, and utilization of revolutionary discourses among expressionists and dadaists of Jewish origin. The motivation to focus on Jewish thought in particular derives not only from its peculiarities but also from its discursive plurality. This plurality is already evident in Gustav Landauer’s Die Revolution (1907), which captures the manifoldness of reformist ideas in East-Central European Jewish thought. In the wake of his book, the aesthetic, religious-ecstatic, and socio-political aspects of revolution overlapped and amalgamated. The multifaceted conceptions of revolt are particularly noticeable in the Jewish manifestations of Literaturrevolution as they placed the aesthetical with the social in parallel, evoking both socialist and fascist conservative opposition.

From Freakonomics to Political Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fine ◽  
Dimitris Milonakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.

Demographic Trends in Latvia

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Dreifelds
Keyword(s):  
Public Attention ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Second World

For most North Americans demography is an esoteric subject more often tied to marketing than to social and political changes. In Latvia, as in most of Eastern Europe and the USSR, demography has long been placed on the forefront of public attention. This wave of attention in the case of Latvia is not a fad of short duration which will be readily displaced by other popular topics. On the contrary, demography has had, is having and will have a tremendous impact on a very broad range of policies and on the long term survival of the Latvian nation. Thus, in order to understand the social and ethnic tensions, the labour squeeze, and the welfare burden of Latvia, it is necessary to understand the multifaceted demographic processes: the real matrix of the political and social environment. This paper reviews the pivotal demographic role of the First and Second World Wars and analyzes population size, sex balance, age structure, urban-rural residence, nuptiality, birth and death rates, migration patterns and ethnic balance.

scholarly journals Learned Societies, Cultural Encounter, and Social Distinction: The Royal Asiatic Society and Pre-War Western Relations with Korea, Japan, and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-93
Author(s):  
Loughlin J. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
World War ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second World ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society

The Royal Asiatic Society (RAS), a British learned society for the antiquarian study of Asian civilizations, established a number of branches in East Asia between 1865 and 1900 and quickly became a central location for the socialization of elite westerners within these states. This paper examines the social function of three RAS branches by analyzing their membership characteristics between 1865 and 1934, and draws out the role of Western associational culture in pre-war interactions between Western states and Northeast Asia. The activities of the RAS presented an opportunity for prominent personalities to demonstrate social distinction and reinforce their status as leading members of their communities, and to make claims to local expertise through the study and discussion of East Asian societies. RAS branches attracted a diverse mixture of diplomats, customs officials, military officers, missionaries, educators, merchants and medical professionals. Through a comparative analysis of the membership characteristics of RAS branches in Seoul, Tokyo, and Shanghai (the branches covering Korea, Japan, and North China respectively), the different social structures of the Western communities in these three states can be discerned. These reflect particular aspects of international relations between Northeast Asia and the West before the Second World War.

scholarly journals Encontros e desencontros em “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa / Matches and mismatches in “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, and “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa / Encuentros y desencuentros en “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, y “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Larissa Warzocha Fernandes Cruvinel ◽  
Renata Rocha Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Second World ◽  
Lygia Fagundes Telles

Resumo: O conto “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado inicialmente em O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra a história de um menino que enfrenta um processo de amadurecimento durante um passeio que realiza com a mãe ao cinema. O conto “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente em Contos que contam, de 2005, aproxima-se do conto de Telles ao também narrar o passeio de uma mãe com um filho, ambos inominados. Apesar da semelhança no enredo das narrativas, a prosa das duas escritoras apresenta divergências sobre a configuração das relações familiares e sobre o papel social da arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), a obra de Telles é marcada pelo desencontro nas mais diversas relações afetivas apresentadas nas tramas, o que, segundo o crítico, assinala certa desilusão dos escritores que viveram os traumas da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em contrapartida, a obra de Lisboa frequentemente aposta na superação dos traumas das personagens retratadas, além de se contrapor ao esvaziamento do papel da arte na contemporaneidade. Tendo em vista esses apontamentos, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel da arte e das relações humanas nos referidos contos. Para fundamentar criticamente a discussão, elegemos as contribuições de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre outros.Palavras-chave: conto brasileiro; encontros; desencontros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Abstract: The tale “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, initially published in O cacto vermelho, in 1949, narrates the story of a boy who faces a coming-of-age process when he takes a trip to the movie theater with his mother. The tale “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa, originally published in Contos que contam, in 2005, resembles the tale written by Telles in the sense that it also narrates a mother’s trip with her son, both unnamed. Despite the similarities between the plot of both narratives, the prose of both writers presents divergences on the configuration of familiar relationships and on the social role of art. As argued by José Paulo Paes (1998), Telles’ work is marked by mismatches in several affective relationships presented in the plots, which, according to the critic, signals a certain disillusionment of the writers who lived the traumas of the Second World War. On the other hand, Lisboa’s work frequently bets on the overcoming of the traumas of the portrayed characters, in addition to counterpointing the emptying of the role of art in contemporaneity. With this in mind, this article aims to analyze how art and human relationships are configured in these tales. In order to critically ground this discussion, we elected the contributions of Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), and others.Keywords: Brazilian short story; matches; mismatches; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Resumen: El cuento “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado primeramente en O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra la historia de un chico que enfrenta un proceso de maduración durante un paseo al cine que realiza con su madre. El cuento “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente en Contos que contam, de 2005, se aproxima del cuento de Telles al hacer, también, la narración de un paseo de una madre y su hijo, ambos sin nombre. Pese la similitud en el enredo de las narrativas, la prosa de las dos escritoras presenta distinciones sobre la configuración de las relaciones familiares y sobre el papel social del arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), la obra de Telles está marcada por el desencuentro en las más distintas relaciones de afecto presentadas en las obras, lo que, según el crítico señala una desilusión de los escritores tras los traumas vivenciados en la segunda Guerra Mundial. Contrariamente, la obra de Lisboa, a menudo, apuesta en la superación de los traumas de los personajes retratados, además de contraponerse al vacío del papel del arte en la contemporaneidad. Considerando esos aspectos, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar el papel del arte y de las relaciones humanas en los dos cuentos. Como fundamentación, para la discusión crítica, nos basaremos en las contribuciones de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre otros.Palabras-clave: cuento brasileño; encuentros; desencuentros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.

scholarly journals Rekrutacja na studia wyższe w początkach stalinizmu na przykładzie województwa poznańskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Stanisław Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
College Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
Second World

Zmiana systemu po II wojnie światowej związana była z pojawieniem się nowej filozofii kształcenia. Dla komunistycznej władzy najważniejszym celem było dostarczenie krajowi nowych, socjalistycznych i świadomych swej roli w przebudowie kadr. Kryteria polityczne były więc ważniejsze od merytorycznych. Założeniem politycznym było stworzenie nowej, robotniczo- -chłopskiej inteligencji, która rozumiałaby swą rolę w walce o socjalizm. By tego dokonać, należało zrewolucjonizować zasady naboru do szkół średnich i wyższych. O przyjęciu na studia nie miała więc decydować wiedza, ale zaangażowanie polityczne i społeczne. Należało też, i to akurat nie budziło wątpliwości, pozwolić młodzieży nadrobić zaległości wynikające z wojny. Konstruowane polityczne założenia nie we wszystkich przypadkach przełożyły się na praktykę działania. Mimo jednoznacznych wytycznych i kluczowej roli urzędów bezpieczeństwa w opiniowaniu kandydatów, skład socjalny studentów nie uległ radykalnej zmianie. Nie oznacza to, że polityka komunistów nie wyrządziła szkody części zdolnej młodzieży, której ze względów klasowych zamknięto możliwość zdobywania wyższego wykształcenia. College enrollment in the period of Stalinism as exemplified by the Poznań voivodeship Systemic transformation following the Second World War brought a new philosophy of education. For the communist authorities, the most important goal was to provide the country with new, socialist workers, who were aware of their role in the process of reconstruction. Therefore, political criteria took precedence over any others. The political objective was to create a new “intelligentsia” comprising workers and peasants who would understand their role in the fight for socialism. In order to achieve that objective, rules of high school and college enrollment had to be revolutionized. Political and social engagement were to be the decisive factors in college admissions — not knowledge. Young people were also meant to be allowed to make up for the time lost because of the war — however, this particular demand does not raise any questions. Political objectives did not translate into practice in all cases. Despite clear guidelines and the key role of security offices when reviewing the candidates, the social composition of students did not change radically. This does not mean that the communist policy did not do any harm to some talented young people who were precluded from gaining college education for class reasons.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS FOR ESTABLISHING ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNITS - MUNICIPALITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
D. Ushatova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Real Forms

The study aims to show the deficits in the legislation regarding the conditions for establishing municipalities as administrative-territorial units. An experimental methodology for assessing current regulatory conditions for establishing a new municipality in Bulgaria has been proposed, and the results from applying it have been presented. Conclusions were made per group of municipalities. A comparison was drawn between the constitutionally established role of municipalities as the main Administrative Territorial Units, in which local self-government is exercised, and the conditions for establishing a municipality, defined by the Law on the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Bulgaria. Based on the results of the study, we have proposed to improve the understanding of the need for real forms in the social and economic sphere, instead of populist promises for a new administrative-territorial division of the country and the future positive effects determined by it.

Displacement and the Post-war Reconstruction of Education: Displaced Persons at the UNRRA University of Munich, 1945–1948

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA HOLIAN
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
University Of Munich ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn the first years after the Second World War, Munich was home to a unique institution, the UNRRA University. Created by and for Europe's displaced persons, the university was defined as a new kind of educational institution, dedicated to the cause of reviving humanism and promoting internationalism. By virtue of their experiences of occupation, persecution and dislocation, the university argued, displaced persons were uniquely qualified to spearhead the post-war reconstruction of education and culture. This article traces the social and intellectual history of the UNRRA University. It examines the university's ideas on nationalism and internationalism, the reconstruction of higher education and the role of the intellectual in the post-war world. It argues that while much of the literature on displaced persons has focused on national communities, wartime and post-war displacement also gave rise to new transnational solidarities and imaginaries among the displaced.

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