scholarly journals HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM OF SOLDIERS ‘ UNREST DURING MOBILIZATION IN THE YEARS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Semen N. Blinjaev ◽  
Oleg N. Shirokov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
First World War ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
World War ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First World

The article covers the problem of analyzing such an important and relevant issue as the soldiers’ riots at the beginning of mobilization during the First World War and its consequences for the socio-economic and political situation in the Russian Empire. The authors give an overview of the Soviet, Russian and foreign historiography on the problem and describe the content of scientific works on this issue. Based on the analysis of scientists’ research works, the authors make a conclusion about their contribution to the development of certain aspects of the theme and coverage of the problematics as a whole. It is shown that there is a significant difference in the degree of research of the issue’s various aspects. The historiography reflects the most completely the socio-economic and political consequences of large-scale mobilization measures: socio-demographic shifts in the town and the village, changes in modernization processes, increasing problems in the agricultural sector, emergence and development of the revolutionary factor under the influence of the war, the least developed are aspects related to the character, scale, driving forces, mental and ethno – psychological springs of soldiers’ riots during the conscription campaigns. The authors point out the difference in interpreting the causes of such a social phenomenon as soldiers’ riots during the development of the problematics by Soviet scientists and Russian researchers in the 1990s and at the present moment. Regional historiography is considered separately with clarification of the issue determining the current stage of studying the scientific problem in Chuvashia, the republics of Tatarstan and Mari El. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the multifaceted study of the problem on a Russian scale, it remains poorly studied on the territory of the three named republics of the Volga region, which indicates the current need for complex and holistic work.

For facts a most profound contempt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Boyd Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Literary Portraits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First World

This chapter examines Ford’s reminiscences—Ancient Lights and Certain New Reflections (1911), Thus to Revisit (1921), Joseph Conrad: A Personal Remembrance (1924), Return to Yesterday (1931), and It Was the Nightingale (1934). The chapter begins with a discussion of different degrees of autobiography, and the difference between autobiography and autobiographical forms including the roman à clef. It then traces the evolution of Ford’s reminiscences from his early “Literary Portraits” up to Mightier Than the Sword (1938). It argues that Ford forged a new genre, fusing fact and fiction to portray his contemporaries. Ford’s reminiscences are seen as group portraits, and Ford’s accounts of Conrad, James, Lewis, Stein, and Wells are discussed. The chapter also examines how the pivotal experience of the First World War was avoided by Ford in all his autobiographies, and how Ford also omitted his relationships with women in his reminiscences.

scholarly journals The Austro-Hungarian occupation regime in Serbia and its break-down in 1918

Balcanica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 107-133
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This paper discusses the occupation of Serbia during the First World War by Austro-Hungarian forces. The first partial occupation was short-lived as the Serbian army repelled the aggressors after the Battle of Kolubara in late 1914, but the second one lasted from fall 1915 until the end of the Great War. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone in Serbia covered the largest share of Serbia?s territory and it was organised in the shape of the Military Governorate on the pattern of Austro-Hungarian occupation of part of Poland. The invaders did not reach a clear decision as to what to do with Serbian territory in post-war period and that gave rise to considerable frictions between Austro-Hungarian and German interests in the Balkans, then between Austrian and Hungarian interests and, finally, between military and civilian authorities within Military Governorate. Throughout the occupation Serbia was exposed to ruthless economic exploitation and her population suffered much both from devastation and from large-scale repression (including deportations, internments and denationalisation) on the part of the occupation regime.

scholarly journals From Uprooting to Exclusion: First World War Refugees in the French Rural West

2021 ◽  
Vol Exaptriate (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Richard
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First World

During the First World War, between 2 and 3 million people choose exile, chased away by the fights. In West of France, 150 000 evacuees, refugees or repatriates are in this way welcomed. From autumn 1914, their integration causes difficulties, minor at the beginning but which become more important from 1915. In a context of prolonged war which nobody has predicted, their sociocultural profile is quickly considered as incompatible with the expectations of native populations, mainly rural and unaccustomed to this “discovery of the difference.” Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, entre 2 et 3 millions de réfugiés, chassés par les combats, choisissent l’exil. Dans l’Ouest de la France, 150 000 évacués, réfugiés ou rapatriés sont ainsi accueillis. Dès l’automne 1914, leur intégration suscite des difficultés, mineures au début mais qui s’accentuent à partir de 1915. Dans un contexte de guerre dont nul n’a prédit l’allongement, leur profil socio‑culturel est vite considéré comme incompatible avec les attendus de populations autochtones majoritairement rurales et peu accoutumées à cette « découverte de la différence ».

My life being so difficult a one to live

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Boyd Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

An account of Wyndham Lewis’s career as a portrait painter opens this chapter, with a focus on the many self-portraits he painted during his life. The theme of the difference between visual and literary self-portraiture is explored, and the role of satire in portraiture. The chapter examines Lewis’s first autobiography Blasting and Bombardiering (1937), and his depiction of the period leading up to and through the First World War. It also analyzes Lewis’s self-imposed exile during the Second World War during his emigration to America and Canada with his wife Anne, portrayed in Self Condemned (1954), and the subsequent writing of Rude Assignment (1950) after Lewis’s return to England. Lewis’s word portraits of Ford and Stein in his autobiographies are discussed, as are the omissions in these autobiographies.

scholarly journals Problems of Industrialization Mysore -1914 -1918

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Revanna M L
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
First World

During the First World War period, despite the best efforts by the Government of Mysore it was difficult to start and run many industries which required large -scale import of machineries. The First World War had broken the regular commercial traffic between Europe, the Mediterranean and India. On the one hand, the state escaped from the reckless floatation of companies that characterized the boom that followed the war, but some capital was invested in shares in outside companies. However as far as the investment in the new industries was concerned, capital was certainly shy in Mysore during the warperiod1. This situation continued even in the early twenties. Even during 1921-22, business conditions continued to be unfavorable throughout the year. Heavy losses were sustained by per-sons engaged in the business of piece-goods, timber, hides and skins and to a certain extent in food grains.

Mining archival genealogy databases to gain new insights into broader historical issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Kim Abildgren
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
First World

Purpose Several genealogical databases are now publicly available on the Web. The information stored in such databases is not only of interest for genealogical research but might also be used in broader historical studies. As a case study, this paper aims to explore what a crowdsourced genealogical online database can tell about income inequality in Denmark during the First World War. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on 55,000 family-level records on the payment of local income taxes in a major Danish provincial town (Esbjerg) from a publicly available database on the website of The Esbjerg City Archives combined with official statistics from Statistics Denmark. Findings Denmark saw a sharp increase in income inequality during the First World War. The analysis shows that the new riches during the First World War in a harbour city such as Esbjerg were not “goulash barons” or stock-market speculators but fishermen. There were no fishermen in the top 1per cent of the income distribution in 1913. In 1917, more than 37 per cent of the family heads in this part of the income distribution were fishermen. Originality/value The paper illustrates how large-scale microdata from publicly available genealogical Web databases might be used to gain new insights into broader historical issues.

scholarly journals Max Weber and the First World War: Protestant and Catholic living standards in Germany, 1915–1919

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS BLUM ◽  
MATTHIAS STREBEL
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

AbstractWe assess informal institutions of Protestants and Catholics by investigating their economic resilience in a natural experiment. The First World War constitutes an exogenous shock to living standards since the duration and intensity of the war exceeded all expectations. We assess the ability of Protestant and Catholic communities to cope with increasing food prices and wartime black markets. Literature based on Weber (1904, 1905) suggests that Protestants must be more resilient than their Catholic peers. Using individual height data on some 2,800 Germans to assess levels of malnutrition during the war, we find that living standards for both Protestants and Catholics declined; however, the decrease of Catholics’ height was disproportionately large. Our empirical analysis finds a large statistically significant difference between Protestants and Catholics for the 1915–19 birth cohort, and we argue that this height gap cannot be attributed to socioeconomic background and fertility alone.

scholarly journals Images of the «enemy» by the eyes of prisoners of war from the time of the First World War (according to the memoirs of Yu. I. Kirsch and E. E. Dwinger)

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
V. S. Lavrenko ◽  
M. M. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Junior Officer ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article analyzes the memories of Y. I. Kirsch, a Russian soldier who got into German captivity, and E. E. Dwinger, a German junior officer who was captured by Russians. The author raises the question of common and distinctive features in the images of the “enemy” created in the memoirs of these memoirists. Transformation in the perception of a military enemy in the experience of captivity is being considered. The issue of reconciliation and finding an understanding with the “enemy” was studied. The author comes to the conclusion that at the time of capturing both Russian and German soldiers had extremely negative images of the “enemy”. These images were constructed by state propaganda, which dehumanized a military enemy. The prisoners of war expected extreme cruelties from the “enemy”, but these expectations were not approved. Extreme experience of captivity focused on the negative aspects of life in Germany and the Russian Empire. This was reflected in the memoirs of Y. I. Kirch and E. E. Dwinger. But both memoirists noted that the “enemy” in the crowd behaved ruthlessly, while on a personal level, he was often ready to help prisoners of war, to show mercy. Despite the negative attitude to the “enemy”, both in Russia and in Germany, there was a cohabitation of prisoners of war with local women. In Germany, ordinary Germans congratulated prisoners of war on its’ end. In Russia with the beginning of the revolution, German prisoners of war received an invitation to join the White Movement. These facts are manifestations of partial reconciliation of prisoners of war with the “enemy”. With regard to the difference in the design of the enemy's image, German memoirs show more cultural reflections on the national character and the mission of the Russians. Memoirs of the Russian on the contrary emphasize the way of life and order that prevailed in the camp for the prisoners of war. The study of the experience of transforming the enemy's image during the First World War is relevant in the context of a modern information confrontation, which inevitably complements military conflicts.

The Pilgrims and the First World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bowman
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
War Aims ◽  
First World

This chapter demonstrates that the First World War created circumstances in which state-private cooperation in public diplomacy was able to flourish more than ever before. In so doing, this chapter analyses the Pilgrims’ activities during the conflict, with a particular focus on the period after the US’s entry into the conflict in April 1917, a moment regarded by the Pilgrims as the culmination of all the work it had done since 1902 in support of UK-US international cooperation. This chapter analyses the ways in which the Pilgrims Society sought to consolidate what it regarded as significant progress towards lasting British-American friendship. It does so by providing an analytical account of the Pilgrims’ creation in autumn 1917 of the American Officers’ Club; the link between the Pilgrims and the official British propaganda body the National War Aims Committee; and the Society’s involvement in the large-scale public celebration of Britain’s Day, which took place across the US in December 1918. The chapter argues that the First World War resulted in greater cooperation between the Pilgrims and official propaganda bodies, meaning that the Society contributed in new ways to the development of public diplomacy.

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