The Tatras of highland men or women? The gender of Podhale highlanders and appropriation of space

Although it might seem that the indigenous inhabitants of the mountain, i.e. highlanders, have the greatest right to “appropriate” them, they cannot be treated as a monolith, as men and women function differently in that space. They are assigned various social roles: men — those associated with exploration, women — those to do mainly with the home and household. This determines the two group’s place in Podhale and outside it.The article is an analysis of literary portraits of highland men and women from works written in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The authors of the works are often people who became part of the highlander community, got to know it thoroughly and on the basis of their observations described the relations governing it — relations in which an important role was played by land.The analysis of literary portraits of representatives of the highlander community has been carried out primarily by means of cultural anthropology tools, but it also takes into account women’s studies. This has made it possible to define the links between the highlanders and space, and to answer the question formulated in the title: do the Tatras belong to highland men or women?

Hanss Magnuss Encensbergers – literāro vinješu meistars

The article “Hans Magnus Enzensberger – Master of Literary Vignettes” is dedicated to the latest book of the outstanding German poet and publicist “Masters of Survival: 99 Literary Vignettes of the 20th Century”, published on the occasion of the author’s 90th anniversary. It presents 99 literary portraits in the characteristic style of Enzensberger – from critical attitude to admirable praise. The article first describes the vignette as a special genre of literature (miniature literature), its meaning, and history. Several examples from the history of German and Austrian literature are mentioned: Stefan Zweig, Robert Walser, Franz Kafka, Robert Musil. All objects in Enzensberger’s literary vignettes are “masters of survival” – they are writers and poets between the First and Second World Wars. The article qualifies the critical performance of Marko Martin, Helmut Böttiger, Christian Metz, and Alexander Cammann in evaluating Enzensberger’s work. The style of Enzensberger is also characterised. It surprises the reader by bringing the personal, subjective aspect closer to various intimate facts from the lives of writers and poets. The most significant attention is paid to the representatives of German literature – Gottfried Benn, Gerhart Hauptmann, Johannes R. Becher, and others.

El artista modernista y el discurso psiquiátrico: Los Raros de Rubén Darío y la mirada médica finisecular

This article focuses on the relationship between literary discourse and psychiatric discourse in the late 19th century; especially, in what refers to the establishment of knowledge about the abnormal and the configuration of artistic genius as a pathology. Furthermore, the work aims to examine the construction of a “rhetoric of the disease”, their strategies and functions, in Los Raros (1896-1905) by Rubén Darío, from the analysis of the normal/abnormal conceptual binomial and the emergence of psychiatric discourse as power of normalization in end-of-century artistic productions. The author proposes that the literary portraits that Darío draws in his work reveal a tension between two types of gaze on the normal and the pathological. On the one hand, the artistic gaze of end-of-century artists with an ambivalent discourse that informs about a use of a pathological genius as an artistic ideal; on the other, the psychiatric gaze, which establishes a series of diagnostic and classification devices for abnormal subjects. Darío will face this clinical gaze from the pages of his literary portraits through a discourse that dismantles the episteme of the medical-psychiatric discourse and questions the fluctuating place that modernist writers occupy in the incipient Buenos Aires consumer society.

“La Revue Blanche”: The History of Illustrating

The article reconstructs the illustrating history of “La Revue Blanche”, the leading French literary and artistic magazine of the fin de siècle epoch. Leaving out the analysis of literary content, the authors considers the petite revue through the prism of its most significant artistic achievements. In order to achieve this goal, a rather wide range of graphic artists who collaborated with “La Revue Blanche” at one time or another is outlined, and the conditional genre ranking of engravings published and distributed with the help of the journal is carried out. Based on the data obtained, a periodization of the short history of “La Revue Blanche” illustrating is proposed. The article attaches great importance to the stylistic and iconographic analysis of individual artworks. In the case of the ones by Vuillard, Roussel, and Bonnard, it is possible to put forward new semantic interpretations and emphasize the confessional nature of the prints created by the masters for the design of the journal’s frontispiece. In the article significant attention is given to the history of introducing the practice of publishing graphic literary portraits by Vallotton in “La Revue Blanche”, which at some point are forced to take on the utilitarian function of vignettes. Equally important is the review of the publication history of the independent illustrated supplement “NIB”, which, as is well known, has only had three issues. The authors see in “NIB”, at the same time, an artistic reincarnation of fumiste chatnoiresque satire, clearly close to Toulouse-Lautrec, Valloton and Bonnard, and a graphic revealing of the internal philosophical and aesthetic conflict that existed within the Nabis art group. In addition, the authors also describe the features of the Nathanson brothers’ publishing activity, emphasizing the direct dependence of the content of published products on the owners’ tastes.

Bibliography of Literary Criticism and Essays by A. S. Dolinin from 1906 to 1920

The bibliography of literary criticism and essays (articles, reviews, literary portraits and parallels, critical and biographical essays, etc.) by Arkady Semyonovich Dolinin (1880–1968), first published here, gives an idea of the field of interest of a great Soviet literary critics before the beginning of his scholarly activity, in the first decades of the XX century. The paper traces the path of Dolinin - literary critic, his appeal to the classical (F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.I. Herzen, etc.) and modern (A.P. Chekhov, B.K. Zaitsev, F. Sologub, D.S. Merezhkovsky, etc.) literature, his artistic and aesthetic preferences (from realism to modernism), and his religious and philosophical quest against the background of social and political struggle during the First World War, the Revolution and the Civil War. The paper gives an analysis of Dolinin's method: biographical and psychological approach, Critical attitude to the sociological (“pypinism”) and formal- aesthetic (“shklovskism”) methods, comments on the ideological and creative relations with S.A. Vengerov, his teacher at Petrograd University. Special attention is paid to Dolinin's intensive critical work in 1918 –1920 in the Arkhangelsk newspaper Renaissance of the North, where he chronicled Russian literary life at a historical turning point, reflecting on the works of V.V. Rozanov, L.N. Andreev, A.M. Gorky, A.M. Remizov, A.A. Blok, etc. An important achievement of Dolinin was the discovery of young, still unknown talents: L.M. Leonov, B.V. Shergin, A.V. Tufanov.

Epistola: In Carcere et Vinculis by Oskar Wilde in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s reception

The article is an editorial study of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s Wilde and Lord Douglas. The text is a literary review of Oscar Wilde’s book Epistola: In Carcere et Vinculis, published in 1905. Iwasz-kiewicz presents the circumstances of Wilde’s creation of his work, written during his imprisonment. He pays special attention to the convict’s emotional and spiritual dilemmas and his struggle with various hardships. Iwaszkiewicz’s review also includes vivid literary portraits of Wilde and Alfred Douglas.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE TITLE COMPLEX AND ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL OF A. VARLAMOV’S BOOK «ALEXEY TOLSTOY»

Потенциал паратекста книг серии «ЖЗЛ» А.Н. Варламова представляется очень важным не только вследствие репрезентационного расширения и рецепционного углубления этих произведений, но и определения внутренней взаимосвязи конкретных литературных портретов. В случае «Алексея Толстого» паратекст выполняет сквозную функцию, то есть его элементы раскрываются на протяжении всего произведения (исходное заглавие, подписи к фото и др.) и связаны с основной темой. The potential of the paratext of the books in the «LWP» series by A.N. Varlamov is very important not only because of the representational expansion and receptive deepening of these works, but also determines the internal relationship of specific literary portraits. In the case of Alexey Tolstoy, the paratext performs an end-to-end function, i.e. its elements are revealed throughout the work (the original title, photo captions, etc.) and are related to the main theme.

Between Utopia and History

Chapter I draws on Lucian’s Portraits to envision composite iconic figures that readers construct from other literary portraits. Ten “snapshots” provide raw material for such composite images of Pythagorean women. The snapshots are drawn from Pythagorean acousmata; Plato’s dialogues, and the writings of Aristoxenus, Dicaearchus, Neanthes, and Timaeus of Tauromenium. These extracts cited in the works of Imperial writers are shaped by several competing ideologies that cannot be reduced to a single originary account about historical Pythagorean women. Next to testimonies praising Pythagorean women’s aristocratic pedigrees and traditional virtues are found others asserting their achievements as philosophers. It is possible to arrange these literary portraits into different modern narratives, documenting either the exclusion of women from Greek philosophical history or their exclusion. But second-century CE testimonies reveal an ancient reading practice that favored a narrative of inclusion.