scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Human Capital Investment Behavior in Conflict Zones: A Case Study of District Swat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-891
Author(s):  
Amjad Amin ◽  
Danish Alam ◽  
Nadeem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Education Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Development of human capital, as part of public policy, is critical for sustainable socio-economic development of a country. This study analyzed the factors that influenced the household behaviour of spending on human resources in terrorism affected region of district Swat. The uniqueness of the current study is to study human capital behaviour in the study area. The econometric technique (OLS) was applied to analyze the data. The study found that there are direct and indirect relationship exists among the targeted variables. It was found that health and education status is negatively affected by the incidence of terrorism. The education system drastically affected and the enrolment rate at the primary, secondary and post-secondary levels have exceptionally declined because of the aftermath of terrorism episode between 2002 and 2016. Health, education facilities and infrastructure are deteriorating posing a threat to long term development. The effective policies of the Government (investment in human capital) and eradicating terrorism (military actions) is a demanding subject of matter for the sake of development in the area.

Education, Divorce, and Household Income Inequality in Hong Kong

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
Income Dispersion ◽  
Early Childhood Students

Education is the most important determinant of income dispersion among individuals and, indirectly, among households. Government policy should place human capital investment at the center of its strategy to reduce poverty and enhance inter- generational mobility. Rising divorce rates should be given far more attention as a growing source of poverty that impedes intergenerational mobility. Investing in the children of poor and broken families is the best policy to reduce long-term income inequality. Society should provide additional subsidies and support to students from these families as an investment in their human capital, especially during their early childhood. Students with ability should be offered scholarships to study in the best schools. The government does not have to fund everything, but it should take the lead to encourage private contributions for this purpose.

Rethinking Labor Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Orthodox Theory ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
And Training

This chapter turns to questions of labor demand at the heart of the new human capital. It rejects Gary Becker’s claim that orthodox theory offered an entirely new way of looking at labor markets, where the main focus is on labor scarcity and a skills competition, in which individuals, firms, and nations compete on differential investments in education and training. It also rejects David Autor’s claim that the issue is not that middle-class workers are doomed by automation and technology, but instead that human capital investment must be at the heart of any long-term strategy for producing skills that are complemented by rather than substituted for by technological change. The chapter argues that the new human capital rejects the view that demand issues can be resolved through a combination of technological and educational solutions. Rather a jobs lens is required to shed new light on changes in the occupational structure, transforming the way people capitalize on their education, along with the distribution of individual life chances.

scholarly journals Optimal taxation with unobservable investment in human capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Reis
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

Abstract In a Ramsey model of optimal taxation, if human capital investment can be observed separately from consumption, it is optimal not to distort human or physical capital accumulation in the long run, and only labour income taxes should be used. However, in reality the government can’t always distinguish between investment in human capital and pure consumption, so a tax on labour or consumption will necessarily tax human capital. We find that when investment in human capital is unobservable, the optimal policy is to tax human capital at a positive rate, even in the long run. Whether physical capital should be taxed or not depends on its degree of complementarity with human capital versus labour.

scholarly journals Population and Economic Growth Under Different Growth Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bucci ◽  
Xavier Raurich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Using a growth model with physical capital accumulation, human capital investment and horizontal R&D activity, this paper proposes an alternative channel through which an increase in the population growth rate may yield a non-uniform (i.e., a positive, negative, or neutral) impact on the long-run growth rate of per-capita GDP, as available empirical evidence seems mostly to suggest. The proposed mechanism relies on the nature of the process of economic growth (whether it is fully or semi-endogenous), and the peculiar engine(s) driving economic growth (human capital investment, R&D activity, or both). The model also explains why in the long term the association between population growth and productivity growth may ultimately be negative when R&D is an engine of economic growth.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Rural Endowment Insurance and Rural Human Capital Investment : A Exploratory Study of hebei Province, P. R. China

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Yifan ◽  
Amran Rasli
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Endowment Insurance ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Government

In China, Elderly care of rural residents is a heavy burden for Chinese government. The inadequate of rural endowment insurance has resulted in the deficiency of education investment for the next generation, and in some poor families children even lost their chance of going to school. Therefore, it’s necessary to study the relation between rural endowment insurance and human capital. In 2009, a reform has begun. The contribution has been cut into 3 parts, rural residents only need to pay one third; the other 2 parts are paid by the government of the country and local village. 3 years past, this paper used regression analysis to see if the reform improved rural human capital investment, the result showed that there is no significant correlation. The government should do more work on publicity to let rural residents know the policy of new rural endowment insurance, to let them sure that they needn’t worry about their old age life quality.

scholarly journals Employers Size Wage Differential: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4II) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Mueen Nasir ◽  
Nasir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Wage differential due to employer size is one of the key areas of interest in labour market research because a strong positive relationship between employer size and wages has been observed in developed and developing countries. It is, however, relatively neglected area of research in Pakistan. The purpose of present study is to investigate the employer size wage differential by looking at human capital factors. The study is based on standard methodology and estimates earning functions on Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for year 2007-08. Results clearly show that human capital investment has a bigger role in determining wages in the larger firms as compared to smaller firms. The main policy implications emanating from the analysis are the higher investment in skill which increases opportunities for workers in the labour market for higher wages and for jobs with good characteristics especially in large sized firms. The government policy towards education and skill formation needs serious reforms and better allocation of funds so that people get chance to enhance their skill level hence wages. JEL classification: J31, J40, J24 Keywords: Wage Differential, Human Capital, Labour Market

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-31
Author(s):  
Dara Resmi Asbiantari ◽  
Manuntun Parulian Hutagaol ◽  
Alla Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Government

Economic growth is a matter of the economy in the long term and is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the agricultural export, industrial export, mining export, import of capital goods, government spending and gross fixed capital formation to economic growth of Indonesia. The analytical method used was Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with Cochrane-Orcutt method. This study uses secondary data quarterly time series from 2000 Q1 to 2016 Q1 which is obtained from the Ministry of Trade, the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank Indonesia and the Capital Investment Coordinating Board. The results showed that on the first model to see the effect of the aggregate exports on economic growth show that imports of capital goods have a significant influence in the short term to economic growth. While in the long term, the variables that have a significant impact on economic growth is GFCF. While the second model to see the role of exports by sector to economic growth getting results that exports in the industrial sector has a significant influence both in the short-term and long-term to economic growth. It concluded that outward looking policies has an effective impact to be applied in Indonesia if the Government to develop exports in the industrial sector.

scholarly journals Evaluating Business Models Enabling Organic Additive Manufacturing for Maintenance and Sustainment

2019 ◽  
pp. 380-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Totin ◽  
Brett Connor
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Government

This research examines the spare parts data business models allowing the government to produce parts on demand (i.e., only when required versus long-term warehousing) and at the point-of-need using additive manufacturing. The research includes a survey of acquisition and engineering professionals within government and industry, and an analysis using an aviation case study.

scholarly journals Role of Democratic Volunteers as the "Election Marketer"

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
M. Daimul Abror ◽  
Heri Sunarno
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Model Contract ◽  
The Government ◽  
Principal Agency Theory

Voter turnout in 1999-2009 has decreased significantly. At 1999 92.6% chosen and 7.3% abstains, at 2004 84.1% chosen and 15.9% abstains, at 2009 70.9% chosen and 29.1% abstains. (www.merdeka.com). These conditions encourage Indonesian Election Commision to form Democratic Volunteer as an agent that helps the socialization of Election 2014. This study aims to comprehensively assess the role of Democratic Volunteer as "Election Marketer" in Principal Agency Theory perspective. This study uses qualitative research with case study approach. The results are (1) Relations between Pasuruan Regency Election Commision as principal with Democratic Volunteerasagent (2) Contract model of Democratic Volunteer in two aspects, the type of contract that contract model is short Term Contracts, and the type of both relationship are relation between government and civil society; (3) In carrying out its role as election marketer, Democratic Volunteer fulfill four criteria in Principal Agency Theory perspective. The weakness of model contract of Democratic Volunteer are Short Term Contracts must be solved by entering into a Long Term Contracts to be interwoven communication simultaneously between the government, in this case between Pasuruan Regency Election Commision with Democratic Volunteer as the embodiment of Civil Societies participation is represented by five segments groups of voters.

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