Female doctors are more emotionally exhausted than their male counterparts in Iraq

Background: The increasing number of women graduating from medical schools doubles the level of responsibility and increases competition with males. Therefore, the assessment of the emotional exhaustion impact on women has become necessary to avoid over-stress at work. This study aims to assess and discuss the gender differences in nine-item emotional exhaustion (EE) subscale of the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) among a sample of Iraqi physicians. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over the first half of 2014. Data was collected from 576 doctors using a self-administered questionnaire with a multistage sampling technique. An independent sample t-test used to compare the means. Results: More than half of respondents (310, 53.8%) were females with a mean age (±SD) of 40.43 years (±8.59). Female doctors are less affected than males in term of emotional draining from work (p=0.008) and strained by people (p=0.009) respectively. Male doctors are less affected than females in being used up at the end of the week (p<0.001), stressed by working with people (p<0.001), burned out from work (p<0.001) and frustrated by job (p<0.001). However, both male and female doctors are equal in feeling fatigue in the morning (p=0.286), feeling of working too hard (0.284) and of being unable to stand (0.358). Conclusion: This study supports the results of previous studies that female doctors show more empathy when dealing with patients, however, they appeared more prone to burnout and stress.

Download Full-text

Tired, Worried and Burned Out, but Still Resilient: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Workers in the UK during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4457

Author(s):

Sofia Pappa ◽

Joshua Barnett ◽

Ines Berges ◽

Nikolaos Sakkas

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Health Workers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on health systems and the physical and mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been substantial. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the effects of COVID-19 on the psychological wellbeing of mental health workers who provide care to a vulnerable patient population that have been particularly affected during this crisis. A total of 387 HCWs from across a large urban mental health service completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, lifestyle and work-based information and validated psychometric scales. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively; sleep problems with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS); burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); and resilience with the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine potential mediating factors. Prevalence of burnout was notable, with 52% recording moderate/severe in Emotional Exhaustion, 19.5% moderate/severe in Depersonalisation, and 55.5% low/moderate Personal Accomplishment. Over half of all respondents (52%) experienced sleep problems; the presence of depressive symptoms was a significant predictor of insomnia. An increase in potentially harmful lifestyle changes, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and overeating was also observed. However, high Resilience was reported by 70% of the samples and the importance of this is highlighted. Female gender was associated with increased levels of depression and emotional exhaustion while those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk of affective symptoms, insomnia, and burnout. Overall, our study revealed considerable levels of psychological distress and maladaptive coping strategies but also resilience and satisfaction with organizational support provided. Findings can inform tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term psychological sequelae.

Download Full-text

Addressing the relationship between perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection and emergence of burnout symptoms in a sample of Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-020-00079-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdelghani ◽

Hayam M. El-Gohary ◽

Eman Fouad ◽

Mervat S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic are working under relentless stress. This study aimed to identify the impact of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection on the quality of life and the emergence of burnout syndrome among physicians in Egypt during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 10th and June 9th, 2020, and included 320 Egyptian physicians who were working during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were interviewed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) for assessment of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection, associated anxiety and depressive symptoms, burnout symptoms, and quality of life, respectively. Results Overall, most physicians were females (63%). Ideas about death, moderate-to-severe anxiety, and depressive symptoms were reported by 11, 28, and 29% of physicians, respectively. For burnout symptoms, high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment were reported by 20, 71, and 39% of physicians, respectively. The perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and burnout emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization symptoms, and negatively correlated with personal accomplishment and all quality of life domains. Conclusions Egyptian physicians experienced higher levels of COVID-19-related fears, anxiety, and depressive and burnout symptoms. There was a robust correlation between these perceived fears, and higher burnout symptoms, and poor quality of life among physicians. Specific interventions should be tailored to minimize the physical and mental burdens on the physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

Tobacco Use among Adolescents of a Public School of Kaski District

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Sailaja Sharma ◽

Ratna Shila Banstola ◽

Sakuntala Pageni

Keyword(s):

Public School ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Family Influence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco is one of the proven risk factors, contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among adolescents of a selected public School in Kaski district. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire from 168 respondents. Results: The prevalence of tobacco-use was 19.6 percent and mean age of initiation was13.84 years. The most common reasons for smoking were peer pressure (63.3%), imitation (27.3%), family influence (27.3%) and quest for new experience (21.2%). Tobacco-use was strongly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), mother's education level (p=0.02), father's occupation (p=0.03), peer pressure (p=0.01) and friends smoking habit (p=0.03). Conclusion: Tobacco-focused interventions are required for school going adolescents to promote cessation among users and prevent its initiation.

Download Full-text

Antenatal counselling- is it adequate? A cross-sectional study from Chandigarh tricity, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171372 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1337

Author(s):

Anupama Dhiman ◽

Naveen K. Goel ◽

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Navpreet . ◽

Abhiruchi Galhotra

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

Counselling Services ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Multistage Sampling

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) provides an important opportunity to improve maternal understanding about pregnancy, childbirth, and care of the newborn. Adequate and quality ANC can help ensure a favourable pregnancy outcome, but the coverage of ANC in India remains inadequate. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess ante natal counselling services at health centers in Chandigarh Tricity.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Chandigarh Tricity during April 2012 to September 2013. Stratified multistage sampling technique was used to select health centers in tricity. A total of 345 pregnant women in second and third Trimester were interviewed with the help of pre-designed, structured and pre-tested questionnaire after taking their written informed consent. It was supplemented by observation of ante natal sessions. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.Results: Nearly one-fourth (28.1%) participants received counselling regarding diet and rest. Only 26 (07.5%) participants were explained about danger signs during pregnancy. Significant difference was found between counseling given regarding ‘diet and rest’ with respect to city (p=0.03) and health centers (p=0.00). Significant difference was found between counselling for ‘family planning’ with respect to city (p=0.01) and health centers (p=0.00).Conclusions: Findings from our study indicate low level of counselling on various components of ANC. Thus, strategies under National Health Mission to improve quality of antenatal communication as well as maternal understanding should be strengthened.

Download Full-text

LEVELS OF BURNOUT SYNDROME IN CROATIAN CRITICAL CARE NURSES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

10.31219/osf.io/xdeyh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adriano Friganović ◽

Polona Selič

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Dependency

Background: Burnout syndrome occurs in people who work in jobs which involve frequent and intense contact with people, especially healthcare workers. High dependency departments such as critical care units are very stressful environments, and this can lead to a greater incidence of burnout, especially of emotional exhaustion and poor personal accomplishment. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare workers, and so it is reasonable to expect they would have a high prevalence of burnout.Subjects and methods: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of burnout in critical care nurses in Croatia and explore its association with demographic features. A cross-sectional study of 620 nurses was conducted in several university hospitals, using convenience sampling. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered, together with questions about the sociodemographic and work characteristics of the participants (age, gender, length of work in ICU, education, type of ICU).Results: The majority of the sample were female nursing staff (87.7%), aged 26-35 (38.9%). The results showed that approximately every fifth nurse (22.1%) expressed a high emotional exhaustion (EE), with lesser burden of a high depersonalisation (D) in 7.9%, yet every third nurse (34.5%) scored low on PA. Male nurses reported more depersonalisation (p=0.045), yet neither EE nor the PA dimensions differed by gender.Conclusion: The results of this study concerning burnout are comparable to those of studies of other professions, but the results vary with regard to the sample and the working conditions of the countries.

Download Full-text

Burnout among Nurses during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Shiraz

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1956

Author(s):

Mahsa Kamali ◽

Ahmad Kalateh Sadati ◽

Mohammad Reza Khademi ◽

Sulmaz Ghahramani ◽

Leila Zarei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Staff ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Work Experience ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Important Challenge

Background: The function of healthcare workers, particularly nursing staff, in taking care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, cannot be overemphasized. As the pandemic lasts, burnout among the nursing staff needs to be considered as an important challenge. This was aimed to assess the nurses’ burnout and factors affecting this variable. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 261 nurses in Shiraz hospitals (Iran) in April 2020. This questionnaire addresses different aspects, including emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and depersonalization, to determine the intensity of perceived burnout among nurses during the outbreak. Results: Our data demonstrated that the nurses’ burnout in Shiraz hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high (64.6%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in 63.6 and 53.3 percent of the participants, respectively. Moreover, the rate of successful personal achievement among these nurses was >97%. Work experience <10 years (P=0.016), hospital ward (P=0.044), the number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001), and the total number of shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.006) had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Workload and stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak seem to be one of the major causes of emotional exhaustion in nurses. The emotional exhaustion among nurses must be considered in epidemics, such as COVID-19.[GMJ.2020;9:e1956] DOI:10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1956

Download Full-text

Assessment of preventive behavior and associated factors towards COVID-19 in Qellam Wallaga Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0251062

Author(s):

Birhanu Gutu ◽

Genene Legese ◽

Nigussie Fikadu ◽

Birhanu Kumela ◽

Firafan Shuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preventive Behavior ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sufficient Knowledge ◽

Multistage Sampling

Background The world is being challenged by the COVID-19 outbreak that resulted in a universal concern and economic hardship. It is a leading public health emergency across the globe in general and developing countries in particular. Strengthening good preventive behavior is the best way to tackle such pandemics. Objective The study assessed preventive behavior and associated factors towards COVID-19 among residents of Qellam Wallaga Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by interview and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Binomial logistic regression was used to test the association between the variables. An Adjusted Prevalence with 95% CI was used to express the associations and interpret the findings. Results Among 634 participants, 417(65.8%) were from urban residences, and 347 (54.7%) belongs to a female. Age ranges 18 years through 87 years. Only 68(10.7%) participants showed good preventive behavior for COVID-19. The majority of them (84.7%) perceived that the disease is very dangerous and 450(71.0%) of them believe that they are at high risk. More than 17% of the respondents have sufficient knowledge. Respondents with sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 were about 2 times more likely to exercise good preventive behavior compare to those with insufficient knowledge, [(APR: 2.1; 95% CI: [1.2, 3.9)]. The urban residents was 3.3 more than that of rural residents to practice good preventive behavior, [(APR: 3.3; 95% CI: [1.6, 6.4)]. Respondents who use social media as a source of information were more than 2 times more likely to have good preventive behavior compared to those who did not, [(APR: 2.3; 95% CI: [1.3, 3.4)]. Conclusion Adoptions of COVID-19 preventive behavior in the study population is very low. Due emphasis should be given to rural residents. Risk communication activities should be strengthened through effective community engagement to slow down and stop the transmssion of the disease in the community.

Download Full-text

Determinants of emotional exhaustion among nursing workforce in urban Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-020-00512-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Collins Atta Poku ◽

Ernestina Donkor ◽

Florence Naab

Keyword(s):

Registered Nurses ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Quality Care ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Rate ◽

Practice Environment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The subject of emotional exhaustion organisations has become important because of the emerging trends in employment and its associated challenges. Unhealthy practice environment is a major threat in the incidence of emotional exhaustion among nurses; and any organisational culture that do not support its personnel has huge burnout costs. The study aimed at assessing rate of emotional exhaustion; determining factors that accounts for it and also ascertaining the coping strategies used by nurses to overcome it in the Ghanaian health care setting. Methods A cross-sectional study with a proportionate stratified sampling was used to draw a sample from five health facilities. A standardized questionnaire of Professional Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Coping Scale were used to assess variables under study. The STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting this study. Results Out of the 232 registered nurses studied, 91.1% of them reported experiencing moderate to high rate of emotional exhaustion. The practice environment of the nurses explained 39.6% of the variance in emotional exhaustion. Emotion-focused and problem-focused approaches were identified to be used by registered nurses to cope with emotional exhaustion. Conclusion When appropriate and effective intervention are employed, emotional exhaustion will be reduce and this will enrich the effectiveness of quality care delivery to patients.

Download Full-text

Tired, Worried and Burned Out But Still Resilient: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic

10.20944/preprints202104.0091.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Pappa ◽

Joshua Barnett ◽

Ines Berges ◽

Nikolaos Sakkas

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Health Workers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

The burden of COVID-19 pandemic on health systems and the physical and mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been substantial. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the effects of Covid-19 on the psychological wellbeing of mental health workers who provide care to a vulnerable patient population that have been particularly affected during this crisis. A total of 387 HCWs from across a large urban mental health service completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, lifestyle and work-based information and validated psychometric scales. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) respectively, sleep problems with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and resilience with the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine potential mediating factors. Prevalence of burnout was notable, with 52% recording moderate/severe in Emotional Exhaustion, 19.5% moderate/severe in Depersonalisation and 55.5% low/moderate Personal Accomplishment. Over half of all respondents (52%) experienced sleep problems; the presence of depressive symptoms was a significant predictor of insomnia. An increase in potentially harmful lifestyle changes, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and over-eating was also observed. However, high Resilience was reported by 70% of the sample and the importance of this is highlighted. Female gender was associated with increased levels of depression and emotional exhaustion while those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk of affective symptoms, insomnia and burnout. Overall, our study revealed considerable levels of psychological distress and maladaptive coping strategies but also resilience and satisfaction with organizational support provided. Findings can inform tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term psychological sequelae.

Download Full-text

Level of anxiety and depression among undergraduate dental students of University of Hail, Saudi Arabia

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-213605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Nabila Anwar ◽

Freah Alshammary ◽

Ammar Ahmed Siddiqui ◽

Rana Homoud Alenzi ◽

Bashayer Hamd Alshmmari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Moderate Level ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

High Level

BACKGROUND: Dental students have been identified as having a high level of stress. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among undergraduate dental students of university of Hail and to determine the association of anxiety and depression in terms of gender and respective year of study. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Nonprobability sampling technique was used to assess the prevalence and association of anxiety and depression among male and female dental students of preclinical and clinical years of College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Students were contacted personally, explained the purpose of the study and asked to participate in the study. Students were asked to complete both Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s anxiety inventory to assess the level of their respective status. RESULTS: The results of the survey revealed that a greater number of females suffered from ‘moderate’ level of anxiety (12.3%) as compared to males (3.2%). Additionally, the percentage for females to experience ‘borderline’ (11.6%) and ‘moderate’ (9.7%) level of depression was higher than their male counterparts –‘borderline’ (7.7%) and ‘moderate’ (2.6%). The level of anxiety and depression compared with genders was found to be statistically significant. It was noted that final year students (8.4%) experienced ‘moderate’ level of anxiety and there was a peak rise in level of depression among 4th year (6.5%) and 6th year (5.8%) students as compared with other years. CONCLUSION: The finding of the study emphasizes that the overall percentage of level of depression is comparatively higher than level of anxiety among dental students.

Download Full-text