scholarly journals Fertility Capability Classification (FCC): A case for some rainfed soils of semi-arid Deccan plateau

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vasu ◽  
◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
K. Karthikeyan ◽  
V. P. Duraisami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Reserve ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil fertility capability classification (FCC) is a technical system which groups the soils according to kinds of problems they present for management. The soil fertility related constraints can be identified without testing for soil nutrients and the FCC tries to bridge the gap between pedology and soil fertility.The present study is an attempt to classify the soils of six soil series under rainfed conditions identified in a part of southern Deccan plateau. Three pedons were selected from each soil series to represent the range in characteristics of soil properties. According to FCC, the representative pedons were classified as LRdkemr+ (Gummagonda); Ldkmr+ (Pullagiri); LCdki (Chegunta); Ldkbn (Nerelapally); Cdʋkbn (Avancha) and Ldkemn- (Koduparthy). The presence of condition modifiers soil moisture stress (d) and low nutrient reserve (k) indicates that all the soils are poor in soil fertility and available moisture content. The soils of Gummagonda are shallow with root restricting layer and cultivation of crops makes these soils prone to erosion. Hence, pasture development is a viable option to conserve these soils.Poor nutrient supply (k), calcareousness (b) and Alkalinity (n) are the major constraints in soils of Nerelapally and Avancha and they need to be ameliorated with suitable amendments to sustain crop production.

scholarly journals Cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava: The comparable influences of varieties, soil moisture content and nutrient supply

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matema L.E. Imakumbili ◽  
Ernest Semu ◽  
Johnson M.R. Semoka ◽  
Adebayo Abass ◽  
Geoffrey Mkamilo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Cyanogenic Glucoside ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Cassava Varieties

AbstractVarieties and soil moisture content are the two agronomic factors mostly pointed out as influencers of cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava. The role of soil nutrient supply is however often overlooked or minimised, despite its known influence on cyanogenic glucoside production. A pot experiment was hence carried out to determine whether soil nutrient supply had an equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava, as varieties and soil moisture content. The cassava varieties, Kiroba (a sweet cassava variety) and Salanga (a bitter cassava variety), were used in the experiment, together with three soil moisture treatments that respectively induced severe moisture stress, moderate moisture stress and no moisture stress (optimal soil moisture conditions where plants were kept well-watered). The soil nutrient treatments used depicted conditions of low (no fertiliser), moderate (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) and high (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) nutrient supply. A sole K treatment was also included (25 K mg/kg). Total hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels in cassava leaves were used to indicate the effects of the three factors on cyanogenic glucoside production. The results of the study showed that nutrient supply had a significantly (p < 0.001) equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, as varieties (p < 0.001) and soil moisture content (p < 0.001). Cyanogenic glucoside production was however found to be differently influenced by soil moisture content (M) and nutrient supply (N) in both Salanga (M×N, p = 0.002) and Kiroba (M×N, p < 0.001). Leaf HCN levels of unfertilised Salanga and Kiroba were respectively increased by 1.8 times and 2.7 times their levels under optimal soil moisture conditions. Thus, under severe moisture stress, low soil fertility was found to have an increasing effect on leaf HCN levels in both varieties. A high supply of N, P and K, however also had an increasing effect on leaf HCN in both varieties regardless of soil moisture conditions. Leaf HCN levels in Salanga ranged from 95.5 mg/kg to 334.5 mg/kg and in Kiroba they ranged from 39.3 mg/kg to 161.5 mg/kg, on a fresh weight basis. The study managed to demonstrate that soil fertility had an equally important influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, just like varieties and soil moisture content. The study also showed that the effects of nutrient supply on cyanogenic glucoside production in various cassava varieties is dependent on changes in soil moisture content and vice versa.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil moisture regimes and salinity level on growth and yield in mustard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagbir Singh ◽  
S. K. Varma ◽  
J. N. Bhatia ◽  
Lekh Raj
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Almost All

Soil moisture stress and salinity resulted reduction in almost all the growth, yield and yield attributes in mustard var. RH-30. Salinity behaved similarly to soil moisture stress and the magnitude of reduction increased with the increase in their level accordingly. Chloride type of toxicity was found to be more harmful than that of sulphate toxicity. The results obtained in the present study suggested that maintenance of wetter irrigation under salinity could go a long way in maximizing the crop production in mustard

scholarly journals Characterisation of Chamaecytisus tagasaste, Moringa oleifera and Vachellia karroo Vermicomposts and Their Potential to Improve Soil Fertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9305
Author(s):  
Mahlare Mapula Mokgophi ◽  
Alen Manyevere ◽  
Kingsley Kwabena Ayisi ◽  
Lawrence Munjonji
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Soil

Poor soil fertility and land degradation limit crop production among smallholder farmers. The practice of agroforestry with leguminous trees has proven to be sustainable as it bolsters nutrient supply through nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling. The beneficiation of agroforestry species could add even more value by using tree based waste materials as mulch or vermicomposting. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of vermicomposting on chemical and biological characteristics of three agroforestry species; Chamaecytisus tagasaste, Vachellia karroo and Moringa oleifera. Eisenia fetida earthworms were added to the leaves and small twigs of the three trees in worm composting bins. The worms were allowed to feed on the feedstocks for six weeks under laboratory conditions. The results showed that vermicomposting significantly enhanced macronutrient nutrient content in all the three feedstocks. The findings also showed that the quality of the vermicompost depends on the feedstock type. M. oleifera had the best quality vermicomposts with a significantly higher composition of macronutrients which ranged between 50 and 170% higher for Ca, K, Mg and P. Vermicomposting increased Mo while other micronutrients such as Zn, Mn, Fe and B significantly decreased with vermicomposting time. In addition, vermicomposting increased E. fetida reproduction with more than a 450% increase in earthworm numbers in all three feedstocks. In conclusion, vermicompost have potential to be used to improve soil fertility and thus reduce the use of synthetic fertilisers in crop production.

scholarly journals Optimal fertilizer requirement of rainfed sunflower based on varying soil moisture stress indices on semi-arid vertisols of India

Helia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (48) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruthi Sankar ◽  
K.P.R. Vittal ◽  
A.L. Pharande ◽  
U.S. Victor ◽  
Ravindra Chary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Amendment Addition on Soil Properties, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Grape Yield in Semi-Arid Vineyard Agroecosystems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Antonio Marín-Martínez ◽  
Alberto Sanz-Cobeña ◽  
Mª Angeles Bustamante ◽  
Enrique Agulló ◽  
Concepción Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Grape Yield

In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in vineyards was assessed. For this purpose, two wine grape varieties were chosen and managed differently: with a rain-fed non-trellising vineyard of Monastrell, a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Monastrell and a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon. The studied fertiliser treatments were without organic amendments (C), sheep/goat manure (SGM) and distillery organic waste compost (DC). The SGM and DC treatments were applied at a rate of 4600 kg ha−1 (fresh weight, FW) and 5000 kg ha−1 FW, respectively. The use of organic amendments improved soil fertility and grape yield, especially in the drip-irrigated trellising vineyards. Increased CO2 emissions were coincident with higher grape yields and manure application (maximum CO2 emissions = 1518 mg C-CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, N2O emissions, mainly produced through nitrification, were decreased in the plots showing higher grape production (minimum N2O emissions = −0.090 mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). In all plots, the CH4 fluxes were negative during most of the experiment (−1.073−0.403 mg CH4-C m−2 d−1), indicating that these ecosystems can represent a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. According to our results, the optimal vineyard management, considering soil properties, yield and GHG mitigation together, was the use of compost in a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard with the grape variety Monastrell.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the physiological significance of leaf wetting by dew as a supplemental water resource in semi-arid crop production

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 106964
Author(s):  
Gaku Yokoyama ◽  
Daisuke Yasutake ◽  
Keisuke Minami ◽  
Kensuke Kimura ◽  
Atsushi Marui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 085004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Smith ◽  
Dali Nayak ◽  
Fabrizio Albanito ◽  
Bedru Balana ◽  
Helaina Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Organic Resources ◽  
Semi Arid

Changing perceptions of the effect of plant phenolics on nutrient supply in the ruminant

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Lowry ◽  
CS McSweeney ◽  
B Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Semi Arid

Mammalian metabolism of plant phenolics, initially studied in monogastric animals, gave an emphasis to their toxic and antinutrient effects. Subsequent studies in tropical ruminants and wild herbivores have highlighted the high levels than can occur in some diets and the extensive microbial modification and degradation that can occur in the tract. This paper reviews aspects of plant phenolics as they relate to ruminant nutrition in tropical or semi-arid environments in which some forage plants contain high levels of phenolic compounds. Effects range from occasional acute toxicity of hydrolysable tannins, to acetate-releasing microbial degradations that apparently enable certain phenolics to act as nutrients. The most important and complex effects are those due to tannin-protein interactions. Although these can clearly reduce feed intake, nutrient digestibilities, and protein availability, many of the interactions are still not understood. The diverse effects of plant phenolics on nutrient flow probably result from the balance between adverse effects on some organisms and the rate at which they are degraded or inactivated by other organisms, and improved animal performance can likely be obtained by manipulation of rumen microbial metabolism.

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