Insatisfacción corporal y trastornos de conducta alimentaria en gimnastas: revisión sistemática (Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in gymnasts: a systematic review)

Introducción: En los deportes gimnásticos ciertas medidas morfológicas como el peso, un índice de masa corporal (IMC) y un porcentaje de grasa bajo adquieren importancia para el éxito deportivo. La preocupación excesiva por estos factores o alteración de la Imagen Corporal (IC), puede llevar a estos gimnastas a padecer Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los TCA y la IC en practicantes de deportes gimnásticos mediante una revisión sistemática. Material y método: Siguiendo la lista de verificación “PRISMA” se realizó la búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas (WOS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus y Google Scholar), de estudios transversales en inglés, español y portugués publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta diciembre del 2020. La selección fue realizada por tres investigadores en dos etapas (cribado y aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad). Se registraron edad, sexo, tamaño muestral, calidad metodológica, variables, instrumento y resultados en 16 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El 56,25% de los estudios resaltan la insatisfacción corporal, así como el riesgo de padecer TCA en gimnastas de mayor nivel competitivo, resultando como factores causantes fundamentalmente la insatisfacción corporal y la presión del entorno sobre todo en el periodo de la adolescencia. El instrumento más utilizado fue Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe gran riesgo en gimnastas de padecer TCA, destacando la aparición en categorías superiores, siendo una de las principales causas, la distorsión e insatisfacción con la IC. Abstract. Introduction: In gymnastic sports, certain morphological measures such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and low-fat percentage are important for sporting success. Excessive preoccupation with these factors, or altered Body Image (BI), can lead to eating disorders (ED) in gymnasts. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse ED and CI in gymnastics athletes through a systematic review. Material and methods: Following the "PRISMA" checklist, five electronic databases (WOS, PubMed, Sports Discuss, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for cross-sectional studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese published from January 2000 to December 2020 Selection was performed by three investigators in two stages (screening and application of eligibility criteria). Age, sex, sample size, methodological quality, variables, instrument and results were recorded in 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: 56.25% of the studies highlight body dissatisfaction, as well as the risk of suffering from ED in gymnasts at a higher competitive level, with body dissatisfaction and environmental pressure being the main causal factors, especially in the adolescent period. The most commonly used instrument was the Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that gymnasts are at high risk of suffering from BAD, with a high incidence in the higher categories, one of the main causes being distortion and dissatisfaction with the CI.

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Is There Any Relationship Between Body Image Perception, Eating Disorders, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorders in Male Bodybuilders?

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988318786868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1746-1758 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aslı Devrim ◽

Pelin Bilgic ◽

Nobuko Hongu

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Shape ◽

Muscle Dysmorphia ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Male Body ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

The Relationship

Bodybuilding has increasingly become popular between males since male body shape has become a subject of interest in the last decades. Bodybuilders have desired to gain more muscle and paid attention to their body shape. Based on this purpose, they have string rules that include restrictive eating and excessive exercise program. Recent research has demonstrated that desiring more muscular body shape exhibits eating behavior problems and body dissatisfaction issues in bodybuilders. Limited research exists on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in male bodybuilders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body image disturbance and eating disorders in 120 male bodybuilders. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) was used to determine eating disorders, the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory was used to determine bigorexia symptoms, and Bodybuilder Image Grid-Original (BIG O) and Scaled (BIG S) forms were used to detect the factors associated with body dissatisfaction. There was a positive relationship between Eating Attitude Test and Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory total scores. Eating Attitude Test was positively correlated with both fat and muscle dissatisfaction. Our results indicated that eating disorder psychopathology is positively related to body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorders in male bodybuilders.

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Actitudes alimentarias de estudiantes universitarias brasileñas con conductas de riesgo en desorden alimentario

Journal of Behavior Health & Social Issues ◽

10.22201/fesi.20070780.2010.2.1.20411 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Marle Dos Santos Alvarenga ◽

Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi ◽

Sonia Tucunduva Philippi

Keyword(s):

Disordered Eating ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Font Size ◽

Calidad De Vida ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Eat 26 ◽

Estudiantes Universitarios

Las actitudes alimentarias pueden ser definidas como creencias, pensamientos, sentimientos, comportamientos y relación con la comida. Conductas alimentarias disfuncionales y comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación pueden presentarse en la población joven femenina – como en estudiantes universitarios - y ambos pueden impactar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó las actitudes alimentarias en una muestra de estudiantes universitarias en Brasil con comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios y examino la correlación entre actitudes alimentarias y comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Método: Estudiantes en Brasil del sexo femenino, 2489, respondieron al “Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS) - para evaluar actitudes alimentarías - y al “Eating Attitude Test” (EAT-26). Aquellas que tuvieron puntuación ≥ 21 en el EAT-26 fueron definidas como EAT+ (con comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios). Las puntuaciones de DEAS (totales y sus cinco sub-escalas) de estudiantes EAT+ fueron comparados con las puntuaciones de DEAS con estudiantes con EAT- (sin comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios) utilizando la prueba “t Student”. La correlación de los DEAS (total y sus cinco sub-escalas) y las puntuaciones EAT-26 fueron evaluadas utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: De la muestra total 26.1% presentó comportamiento de riesgo para trastornos de alimentación y los estudiantes EAT+ presentaron peores actitudes alimentarías (puntuación DEAS 80.2 + 18.4) que los estudiantes EAT- (puntuación DEAS 59.0 + 11.8). Puntuaciones EAT-26 estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con las puntuaciones DEAS. Conclusión: La población de estudiantes femeninas Brasileñas con riesgo de desarrollo de un trastorno de la alimentación presentó peores creencias, sentimientos, comportamientos y relación con la comida. Se puede decir que evaluar actitudes alimentarías e intervenir apropiadamente en intervenciones nutricionales y de salud pueden ayudar a prevenir comportamientos de trastornos alimentarios.

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Application of the SCOFF, Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT 26) and Eating Inventory (TFEQ) questionnaires in young women seeking diet-therapy

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity ◽

10.1007/bf03327528 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 76-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. Siervo ◽

V. Boschi ◽

A. Papa ◽

O. Bellini ◽

C. Falconi

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Eat 26 ◽

Eating Inventory

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Correlation of Body Perceptions and Eating Disorders of 9-12 years old Children in Bratislava

Acta Technologica Dubnicae ◽

10.1515/atd-2015-0021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Róbert Osaďan ◽

Erika Drgoňová

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Young People ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Survey Sample ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Body Perceptions

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate children in Bratislava, Slovakia. The survey sample consisted of 276 children aged 9 -12 who were tested using the Children’s Eating Attitude Test as a diagnostic tool for testing young people, who show a proclivity towards having eating issues, a possibility of anorexia, or a possible problem with bulimic tendencies. The study analyses the components of the test and the scores of children to whom it was administered, and come to conclusions as to its usefulness in diagnosing eating issues in children between grades 4 and 6. It also examines the comparisons between the children in Slovakia and the children in Australian studies in order to see if the scores correlate and what similarities and differences are present between the two groups studied.

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Actitudes alimentarias de estudiantes universitarias brasileñas con conductas de riesgo en desorden alimentario

Journal of Behavior Health & Social Issues ◽

10.5460/jbhsi.v2.1.20411 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marle Dos Santos Alvarenga ◽

Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi ◽

Sonia Tucunduva Philippi

Keyword(s):

Disordered Eating ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Calidad De Vida ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Eat 26 ◽

Estudiantes Universitarios

Las actitudes alimentarias pueden ser definidas como creencias, pensamientos, sentimientos, comportamientos y relación con la comida. Conductas alimentarias disfuncionales y comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación pueden presentarse en la población joven femenina – como en estudiantes universitarios - y ambos pueden impactar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó las actitudes alimentarias en una muestra de estudiantes universitarias en Brasil con comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios y examino la correlación entre actitudes alimentarias y comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Método: Estudiantes en Brasil del sexo femenino, 2489, respondieron al “Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS) - para evaluar actitudes alimentarías - y al “Eating Attitude Test” (EAT-26). Aquellas que tuvieron puntuación ≥ 21 en el EAT-26 fueron definidas como EAT+ (con comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios). Las puntuaciones de DEAS (totales y sus cinco sub-escalas) de estudiantes EAT+ fueron comparados con las puntuaciones de DEAS con estudiantes con EAT- (sin comportamientos de riesgo para trastornos alimentarios) utilizando la prueba “t Student”. La correlación de los DEAS (total y sus cinco sub-escalas) y las puntuaciones EAT-26 fueron evaluadas utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: De la muestra total 26.1% presentó comportamiento de riesgo para trastornos de alimentación y los estudiantes EAT+ presentaron peores actitudes alimentarías (puntuación DEAS 80.2 + 18.4) que los estudiantes EAT- (puntuación DEAS 59.0 + 11.8). Puntuaciones EAT-26 estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con las puntuaciones DEAS. Conclusión: La población de estudiantes femeninas Brasileñas con riesgo de desarrollo de un trastorno de la alimentación presentó peores creencias, sentimientos, comportamientos y relación con la comida. Se puede decir que evaluar actitudes alimentarías e intervenir apropiadamente en intervenciones nutricionales y de salud pueden ayudar a prevenir comportamientos de trastornos alimentarios.

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New contributions to the prevalence of eating disorders in Spanish adolescents: detection of false negatives

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 173-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Teresa Rodríguez-Cano ◽

Luis Beato-Fernández ◽

Antonia Belmonte-Llario

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

False Negative ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Control Group ◽

False Negatives ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Spanish Research

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the epidemiology of Eating Disorders (ED) has been highly developed in Spain, further research considering false negatives and also the prevalence of these disorders in males are needed. They were the aims of the present study.MethodsOne thousand and seventy six adolescents (500 males and 576 females) participated in a two-stage survey. At the age of 13, apart from exploring numerous clinical and psychosocial variables, they were assessed by means of self-administered screening instruments, the eating attitude test (EAT), bulimic investigatory test Edinburgh (BITE), and body shape questionnaire (BSQ). The subjects were interviewed again 2 years later. Afterwards, 159 probable cases and 150 controls were interviewed by means of the structured interview SCAN.ResultsPrevalence of ED in adolescents was 3.71% (95% CI 2.58–4.83; 6.4% of females, 0.6% of males): anorexia nervosa 0.1%, bulimia nervosa 0.75%, eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) = 2.88%. The rate of false negative was 2.6% of the control group and most of them were EDNOS.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ED obtained in our study, higher than others found in previous Spanish research, and a relatively high percentage of false negatives both indicate that up to now the prevalence of ED in Spanish adolescents could be underestimated.

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Visoconstructive Deficits and Risk of Developing Eating Disorders

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1138741600002043 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 677-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nayelli Alvarado-Sánchez ◽

Cecilia Silva-Gutiérrez ◽

Judith Salvador-Cruz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Neuropsychological Deficits ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Visual Integration ◽

Complex Figure ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test

In order to explore if neuropsychological deficits on visual constructional ability could be related to risk eating behaviors, a total of 102 women were evaluated, 51 of the participants had been formally diagnosed with eating disorders and 51 did not. All participants were given the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and The Tower of London Task. Results revealed the existence of a deficit on visual integration similar to those observed in other studies with diagnosed patients. The group at risk showed a comparatively reduced ability on the tasks and the control participants' execution was on the average. Findings revealed the need for designing studies to evaluate neuropsychological processes as possible risk factors which predict eating disorders.

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Assessing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the eating attitude test (EAT-26) across language and BMI in young Arab women

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-018-0199-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Salma M. Khaled ◽

Linda Kimmel ◽

Kien Le Trung

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Arab Women ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Eat 26

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Imagem corporal e comportamento alimentar em estudantes universitárias

Psicólogo inFormação ◽

10.15603/2176-0969/pi.v21n21-22p5-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (21-22) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Vilela Gaudioso ◽

José Carlos Souza ◽

Luis Alberto Magna ◽

Heloísa Nunes Botelho

Keyword(s):

Body Shape ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Corporal Body ◽

Eat 26 ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

Este estudo avaliou a imagem corporal e as atitudes alimentares de uma amostra de estudantes universitárias de uma faculdade do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Método: quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e de corte transversal. Participaram da pesquisa 106 alunas. Foram aplicados três instrumentos, sendo um questionário sócio-demográfico; para avaliar a insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi utilizado o Questionário de Imagem Corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire-BSQ) e para a identificação da presença de distúrbios de atitudes alimentares foi utilizado o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (Eating Attitude Test-EAT-26). Resultados indicaram, pelo EAT26, que 15,2% das alunas tinham escore sugestivo de distúrbio alimentar (acima de 21) e 84,8% escore igual ou inferior a 21, portanto indicativo de ausência de distúrbio alimentar. Tanto a idade quanto o IMC e a frequência semanal de atividade física são semelhantes nos grupos identificados pelo EAT26 como sem distúrbio ou com provável distúrbio alimentar. As médias para a idade em cada grupo foram 24,86 e 25,44 anos; IMC médio de 21,78 e 22,77; e média de 3,83 e 3,33 de vezes/semana de prática de atividade física. Em relação ao BSQ, seu resultado foi conclusivo para 95 alunas, as quais se distribuíram em 74,7% sem transtorno, 11,6% com transtorno leve, 8,4% com transtorno moderado e 5,3% com transtorno grave.

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