Pak-US Strategic Partnership and Challenge of Internal Radical Symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Asif Salim ◽  
Holli Semetko ◽  
Sania Zehraa
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan’s efforts against the terrorism has entirely changed the security landscape of Pakistan. Growing waves of extremism, militancy and sectarianism emerged as a fundamental threat to the security of the state as the aftermath of 9/11. Different terrorist groups gathered under the umbrella of al-Qaeda and posed grave security challenges to the state. Although, their doctrinal philosophy and aims were stridently at contrast, but security situation compelled them to jointly chalk out a common strategy. Moreover, militants’ splinter groups with new leadership find out new source of funding which denied the upper hand of the security vanguards on them. The current paper at the first stage supplies deep analysis of the birth of various militant groups and on the next stage discusses different Jihadi, sectarian, and criminal groups’ closed nexus and their modus operandi. The outcome of the discussion shows that the benefits of marriage of convenience between the security apparatus and radical militants were less, but the impact was generational.

Monsters in the “jihadi revolutionary atmosphere”

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Marco Pinfari
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Palestine Liberation Organization ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

This chapter continues with the analysis of the terrorist “actor” by highlighting how the establishment of a “revolutionary atmosphere” through the use of political violence has been a goal of several insurgent and “terrorist” groups in the Middle East, from the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to al-Qaeda in Iraq to the Islamic State. First, it focuses on the reception of European left-wing “terrorism” and third-worldism in the Middle East, especially within the Palestinian nationalist movement. Then, it explains why, in the aftermath of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, several ideologues affiliated with al-Qaeda (including Abu Musab al-Suri) have recommended the use of brutal fighting techniques for establishing what al-Suri described as a “jihadi revolutionary atmosphere.” Finally, it considers the extent to which the impersonation of the prototype of monstrosity (either in its entirety or in its individual components) can help explain the modus operandi of the Islamic State.

scholarly journals Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeeping on postwar violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bara
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Security Gap ◽  
Armed Actors ◽  
International Interventions

Existing research shows that peace after civil wars is more stable with peacekeepers present. Yet, violence persists in many postwar contexts, and although postwar violence is often strategic and closely linked to the faultlines of the preceding war, we know little about the impact of peacekeepers on such violence. What we know, moreover, focuses on the former combatants, while this study shows that the majority of deaths in postwar violence are inflicted by other armed actors. This is a challenge for peacekeepers who – for mandate or capacity reasons – usually focus on the warring parties. I argue that the impact of peacekeepers on postwar violence hinges on the extent to which they fill a public security gap after war, since responsibility for violence not covered by a mission’s mandate lies with the often dysfunctional security agencies of the state. To test this I use a novel spatial approach to generate data that captures the manifold manifestations of violence across different postwar contexts. I find that only UN police – with their broader effect on public security – mitigate postwar violence generally. UN troops have some impact on civilian targeting by former combatants but no such effect could be identified for violence by other armed actors. The findings highlight the importance of peacekeeping police at a time when the modus operandi and capacity of UN police have been questioned, but also the importance of accounting for a multitude of violent actors when analysing the impact of international interventions more generally.

Terrorism and State Sponsorship in World Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 493-515
Author(s):  
David B. Carter ◽  
Saurabh Pant
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Target State ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The state sponsorship of terrorist groups poses significant risks to international security. Accordingly, a growing body of scholarship focuses on understanding different aspects of the relationship between the patron state, the sponsored terrorist group, and the target state. This chapter first reviews the findings and arguments in this literature, exploring both the theoretical and empirical work over the strategic dynamics of and the effects of state support. Existing research contains numerous insights and provides some counterintuitive advances to our understanding of the different manifestations of sponsorship, the rationale for sponsorship, and the impact of sponsorship on both the terrorist group and the target state. Yet, there is much more work that remains to be done in this field. Specifically, we propose that further study on the connections between sponsorship and other important security issues in world politics is necessary to better understand the broader role that sponsorship plays in international relations. To promote this end, we empirically demonstrate the connection between territorial disputes, the state sponsorship of militant groups, and the onset of interstate conflict. This evidence is preliminary but opens a potentially promising new avenue for research on the effects of state sponsorship of terrorist groups.

Religious Pluralism and Its Impacts on the Configuration of Secularism in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Paula Montero
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Evangelical Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Catholic Church

Abstract Using Davis Buckley’s (2013) notion of “Benevolent Secularism” this article examines how the evangelical movement in Brazil, in particular, the neopentecostal movement, challenges the historical stability of relations between state and religion. Until very recently this relationship was based on cooperation between the Catholic Church and the State in the one hand and an inter-religious coalition led by Catholicism in the other. In this text, I will first discuss the concept of “benevolent secularism” and its theoretical-methodological implications. Then, I will present empiric examples to describe how Christian religions relate to politics in Brazil. Those examples will test the applicability of Buckley’s concept to represent Brazilian secularism. And, they will also demonstrate the heuristic virtues of this concept for the understanding of the impact of the evangelical modus operandi in the configuration of the secular in Brazilian society.

scholarly journals PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(86)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia Pashynska
Keyword(s):  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the use of public-private partnership in education, one of the most important in the social sphere. The experience of using public-private partnership projects in foreign countries, such as Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Japan and the Republic of Korea, is analyzed. The mechanisms of cooperation between the state and the private partner are described, and the positive sides are shown on concrete examples of functioning public-private partnership projects in the world. A qualitatively distinctive feature of the pattern of interaction between the state, business and educational institutions is that it should take into account the impact of PPP on society through the social orientation of educational services, as well as the implementation of public functions and implementation of state educational policy. PPP's priority areas are innovation-oriented infrastructure projects and projects in the fields of science, technology and education. Strategic partnership of educational institutions, research organizations and enterprises is expressed in long-term agreements and programs of cooperation in research and education; namely staff, resources and financial support for joint activities; purposeful training of personnel at enterprises; conducting joint research, research and development work; creation of joint structures of educational, scientific and innovative profiles. Forms of partnership cooperation are the development of technology parks, resource centers and technology transfer centers, which provides for public-private partnership in the field of research, project efforts to create innovative products, modernization of technological processes and more. It is believed that PPPs will ease financial constraints, as the private sector itself makes huge investments within PPPs. As the private and public sectors complement, the overall resource base should increase. As the resource base increases, access to education will improve and the quality of education will improve. In the absence of PPPs with limited public resources, the education system can be severely affected. In such circumstances, PPP is seen as the main, though not the only option for the development of education.

scholarly journals Terrorism and Iraqi National Security 2003-2017: the Socio-Economic and Cultural Losses

Twejer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1032
Author(s):  
Nayar Muhiadeen Hamadamin ◽  
◽  
Othman Ahmed Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Impact

This paper is entitled "Terrorism and Iraqi National Security 2003-2017: the Socio-Economic and Cultural Losses". It discusses the impact of the acts of terrorist groups, especially by Al Qaeda and ISIS on Iraqi national security. Besides, it highlights the impact of terrorist groups on the Iraqi national unity, and socio-cultural sectors of Iraq's society. The findings of our paper show the wide range extent of damages done by the two mentioned terrorist organizations on Iraq's national security, in terms of cost, time, and quality. Besides, the terrorist acts, especially that of ISIS, had a profound effect on Iraq's peace, stability, and had disrupted the social cohesion of Iraqi society. Keywords: ISIS, Al-Qaeda, National Security, Culture, and Iraqi Society

scholarly journals La ley del perseguidor: Una introducción al terrorismo religioso judío

2018 ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Amado Castro
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Israeli Arabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Religious Terrorism ◽  
Made In

Resumen: Este artículo aborda a modo de introducción una historia del terrorismo religioso judío desde el nacimiento del Estado de Israel hasta nuestros días. Centrándose exclusivamente en este fenómeno, enumera y describe cronológicamente los diferentes grupos terroristas religiosos judíos que han actuado en Israel, cada uno en un contexto determinado. Desde el primer grupo autodenominado Brit Hakanaim (pacto de los Zelotes) hasta Bat Ayin, este fenómeno ha causado varias víctimas -menos en comparación con el terrorismo árabe- la mayoría de ellas palestinos y árabes israelíes, aunque también ha habido víctimas entre la población judía israelí. Este texto apunta al denominado mesianismo político como sustrato ideológico y la base intelectual de este fenómeno. Se describe de manera somera algunas de las medidas que el Estado de Israel ha tomado para combatir este terrorismo autóctono. Como conclusión se hace una radiografía del terrorismo religioso judío en comparación con otros fenómenos análogos.Palabras clave: Israel, terrorismo, terrorismo judío, terrorismo religioso, mesianismo.Abstract: This article approaches, as an introduction, a history of Jewish religious terrorism from the birth of the State of Israel to the present day. Focusing exclusively on this phenomenon, it lists and describes chronologically the different Jewish religious terrorist groups that have acted in Israel, each in a given context. From the first group called the Brit Hakanaim to Bat Ayin, this phenomenon has caused a number of victims - far fewer than Arab terrorism - most of them Palestinians and Israeli Arabs, although there have also been casualties among the Israeli Jewish population. The current paper states the so-called political messianic as the ideological substrate and the intellectual basis of this phenomenon. It briefly describes some of the measures that the State of Israel has taken to combat this autochthonous terrorism. As a conclusion, a picture of Jewish religious terrorism is made, in comparison with other similar phenomena.Keywords: Israel, terrorism, Jewish terrorism, religious terrorism, messianic.

17. Security Insecurity, and the State

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand ◽  
Robert Garner ◽  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines various dimensions of security and insecurity within states. It first considers different conceptualizations of security and the range of areas within which it may be applied before discussing security and insecurity in the state of nature. It then explores the impact of security and insecurity on global politics, Thomas Hobbes' ideas about security and insecurity, and collective security as embodied in the United Nations (UN). It also reviews some pressing security challenges in the post-Cold War period and the broadening of the security agenda to encompass more recent concerns such as human security, environmental security, and energy security. Finally, it analyses the ‘war on terror’ that came in response to 9/11, raising further questions concerning how best to deal with nonconventional threats.

scholarly journals Оn organized crime strategies (example of Ukraine and Spain)

1970 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Raisa Perelyhina ◽  
Yurii Dmytryshak
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Impact

Organized crime is one of the biggest problems of today’s states, with levels steadily increasing and engulfing more and more countries. Such crime is different from crimes that are committed unorganized or alone by their extreme danger to society. Organized crime influences important political and social processes in the state, interferes with the work of public authorities, which damages the efficiency of these bodies and reduces the level of trust in the state apparatus. In general, it can be argued that regardless of the specialization of criminal groups, organized crime is the most dangerous and complex anti-social phenomenon, it has no boundaries, and members of such a criminal group are located in different corners of the world and in the development of telecommunication, computer technologies, combating Organized crime requires new techniques In order to improve the fight against organized crime, Spain updates its legislation every year. This is due to the fact that criminal organizations are coming up with new methods and ways of carrying out their activities and pursuing their interests. Because of this, some old mafia techniques are simply not effective. The strategy has main objectives, it is the delimitation of criminal structures; reducing their activity; preventing the emergence of new criminal groups; reducing the impact on the public; counteracting the growing link between terrorism and organized crime. To do this, the strategy is built around ten lines of activity, seven vertical lines and three horizontal lines that intersect them. This strategy also notes for each area certain actions that will be a very useful tool for all public authorities aimed at ensuring the security of the country. The article analyzes the legislation of Spain in the field of combating organized crime, which highlights the main innovations in this legislation, which increase the efficiency of the work of public authorities in the fight against organized crime. The new strategy for the fight against organized crime is described, its main goals and directions of improvement are investigated. The peculiarities of combating organized crime in Spain, as well as the formulation of proposals for improvement of domestic legislation in the above, were investigated on the basis of the analysis of relevant legal acts.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

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