scholarly journals Relationship between agronomic factors and level of damage by red squirrels to cocoa pods in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300
Author(s):  
Misael Molina ◽  
Jesús Briceño
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Tropical Crop ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Altitudes

Cocoa is a tropical crop of great economic and ecological importance, with great potential in Venezuela, where fungal diseases and squirrels, among other factors, affect its productivity. The objective of the work was to analyze the relationship between the level of damage and some agronomic and environmental variables in 39 production of the state of Merida. The types of cocoa present were classified as criollo, forastero and hybrid. The damage percentages were transformed to arcsine and grouped into subjective categories according to the variables; the relationship was statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests: Kruskal-Wallis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Moses, assuming = 0.05. The level of damage was not statistically different (p> 0.05) between the crops located at different altitudes. The same occurred with the variables cocoa lot size, planting density, number of cultivars, level of agrochemicals, type of vegetation surrounding the crop, and distance to the forest. But the level of damage was statistically different (p 0.05) between the production units that differed in the number of associated crops. The level of damage was also statistically different according to the number of shade trees.ha-1 and among those that differed with respect to the presence/absence of alternative fruits. It is concluded that the structural complexity of the crops functions as an integrating element in determining the level of damage caused by squirrels and defines the suitability of their habitat.

Diversity, spatiotemporal distribution, abundance, species composition and habitat preferences of Ostracoda in Akbük and Akdeniz coastal mesosaline lagoons (Muğla, the South Aegean Region, Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Altınsaçlı ◽  
Ferda Perçin-Paçal ◽  
Songül Altınsaçlı
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ostracod Species

AbstractAkdeniz and Akbuk lagoons are part of a shallow coastal ecosystem of great aesthetic and ecological importance, located in Muğla Province in the southern Aegean region of Turkey. In the present study, four expeditions to collect ostracods from these lagoons were conducted in May, July, October, and November of 2008. Benthic samples were obtained monthly and several environmental factors were recorded simultaneously in situ. The ecological preferences of the ostracods were monitored, and qualitative and quantitative samples were collected from three sites in Akdeniz lagoon and two sites in Akbuk lagoon. Three ostracod taxa (Cyprideis torosa, Loxoconcha elliptica and Cytherois fischeri) were identified from the Akdeniz lagoon sampling sites and one species (Cyprideis torosa) from the Akbuk lagoon sampling sites. We present and analyze the dominance and distribution of ostracod assemblages and their relationships to environmental factors: temperature, dissolved oxygen, percentage oxygen saturation, pH, redox potential, salinity, and electrical conductivity) using classification and ordination techniques. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) is used to characterize the relationship between ostracods and the environmental variables. Approximately 82% of the correlation between the community composition and environmental variables was explained by the first axis of the CCA ordination for the Akdeniz lagoon. The study revealed that the distribution and population density of ostracod species depends on the physicochemical properties of the environment. The reason for this is that Cyprideis torosa and Loxoconcha elliptica are euryhaline species.

Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Pollock ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Syllabic Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

scholarly journals A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bernal ◽  
Yorgos Stratoudakis ◽  
Simon Wood ◽  
Leire Ibaibarriaga ◽  
Luis Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Abstract Bernal, M., Stratoudakis, Y., Wood, S., Ibaibarriaga, L., Uriarte, A., Valdés, L., and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . A spatially and environmentally explicit egg production model is developed to accommodate a number of assumptions about the relationship between egg production and mortality and associated environmental variables. The general model was tested under different assumptions for Atlanto-Iberian sardine. It provides a flexible estimator of egg production, in which a range of assumptions and hypotheses can be tested in a structured manner within a well-defined statistical framework. Application of the model to Atlanto-Iberian sardine increased the precision of the egg production time-series, and allowed improvements to be made in understanding the spatio-temporal variability in egg production, as well as implications for ecology and stock assessment.

Consistency of patterns between laboratory experiments and field collected fish in otolith chemistry: an example and applications for salinity reconstructions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Elsdon ◽  
B. M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Black Bream ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Elemental concentrations within fish otoliths can track movements and migrations of fish through gradients of environmental variables. Tracking the movements of fish relies on establishing links between environmental variables and otolith chemistry, with links commonly made using laboratory experiments that rear juvenile fish. However, laboratory experiments done on juvenile fish may not accurately reflect changes in wild fish, particularly adults. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) the relationship between ambient (water) and otolith chemistry is similar between laboratory-reared black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) and wild black bream; and (2) ontogeny does not influence otolith chemistry. Field-collected and laboratory-reared fish showed similar effects of ambient strontium : calcium (Sr : Ca) on otolith Sr : Ca concentrations. However, ambient and otolith barium : calcium concentrations (Ba : Ca) differed slightly between laboratory-reared and field-collected fish. Importantly, fish reared in stable environmental variables showed no influence of ontogeny on Sr : Ca or Ba : Ca concentrations. Natural distributions of ambient Sr : Ca showed no clear relationship to salinity, yet, ambient Ba : Ca was inversely related to salinity. The distribution of ambient Sr : Ca and Ba : Ca in estuaries inhabited by black bream, suggest that these elements can answer different questions regarding environmental histories of fish. Reconstructing salinity histories of black bream using otolith Ba : Ca concentrations seems plausible, if adequate knowledge of Ba : Ca gradients within estuaries is obtained.

scholarly journals Understanding the Relationship Between Crown Shape and Size and Structural Complexity of Individual Trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Kim Calders ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Samuli Junttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape And Size

scholarly journals Monitoring studies should consider temporal variability to reveal relations between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA WOJCIECHOWSKI ◽  
ANDRÉ A. PADIAL
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Relationship

One of the main goals of monitoring cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic environments is to reveal the relationship between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables. Studies typically correlate data that were simultaneously sampled. However, samplings occur sparsely over time and may not reveal the short-term responses of cyanobacterial abundance to environmental changes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stronger cyanobacteria x environment relationships in monitoring are found when the temporal variability of sampling points is incorporated in the statistical analyses. To this end, we investigated relationships between cyanobacteria and seven environmental variables that were sampled twice yearly for three years across 11 reservoirs, and data from an intensive monitoring in one of these reservoirs. Poor correlations were obtained when correlating data simultaneously sampled. In fact, the 'highly recurrent' role of phosphorus in cyanobacteria blooms is not properly observed in all sampling periods. On the other hand, the strongest correlation values for the total phosphorus x cyanobacteria relationship were observed when we used the variation of sampling points. We have also shown that environment variables better explain cyanobacteria when a time lag is considered. We conclude that, in cyanobacteria monitoring, the best approach to reveal determinants of cyanobacteria blooms is to consider environmental variability.

scholarly journals Zooplankton in seagrass and adjacent non-seagrass habitats in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Sing Lui Lo ◽  
Tzuen Kiat Yap ◽  
Cheng Ann Chen ◽  
Teruaki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Study Sites

A comparison of zooplankton abundance and community in the seagrass and non-seagrass areas of Limau-limauan and Bak- Bak waters within the newly established Tun Mustapha Marine Park was made during 15-17 May 2017. Samples were collected via horizontal tow of a 140 μm plankton net. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, DO, pH, turbidity) showed no significant differences among the study sites. However, zooplankton showed increasing abundance from non-seagrass, seagrass edge, to seagrass areas at Limau-limauan, while abundance values were comparable among the stations at Bak-bak. Overall zooplankton abundance was significantly higher at the seagrass areas relative to the non-seagrass station at Limau-limauan (p < 0.005), while no statistical difference was found at Bak-Bak (p < 0.21). Mean canopy height was 3-fold higher (p < 0.001) at Limau-limauan than Bak-Bak, suggesting the importance of seagrass bed structural complexity in habitat preference for zooplankton. Cluster analysis revealed the zooplankton community from the seagrass area at Limau-limauan was different from that at seagrass edge and non-seagrass areas, which may be attributed to the influence of seagrass meadows in forming characteristic zooplankton compositions. Marked differences in zooplankton composition and abundance even in close vicinity of sites suggest the importance of local small-scale variations in seagrass habitats in shaping the zooplankton community.

scholarly journals Imagination of Glass Government Based on the Level of Transparency, Corruption, Public Awareness, and Trust in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ya'aqoubi ◽  
Masoud Ahmadi ◽  
Rahman Qaffari
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolution Committee

Background and Purpose: In order to have an imagination of glass government, it is a priority to consider corruption, transparency, trust, and awareness. The present research aimed to model the relationship between the mentioned variables in the hospitals of Mazandaran Medical Science University. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The population included all medical and administrative staff of selected hospitals from east of Mazandaran in 2019, consisting of 4251 persons (1774 male and 2477 females), and the research was carried out on the basis of data from 353 subjects according to Cochran formula by classified sampling fitted to the size of each class. The required data were collected by using standard questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS Software. In descriptive statistics, descriptive indicators, such as mean, variance, minimum and maximum and frequency tables, were used and in inferential statistics, the collected data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to check the normality of the data, and path analysis. Results: The findings from confirmative factor analysis showed that transparency had a significant effect on perceived corruption (with standard deviation of 0.32 and T value of 4.814), public awareness (0.22 and 3.284), trust in government (0.23 and 3.303), trust in administrative evolution committee (0.48 and 7.109), perceived corruption on trust in government (0.28 and 4.436), trust in administrative evolution committee (0.33 and 5.483), public awareness on perceived knowledge (0.20 and 3.052), and trust in administrative evolution committee (0.16 and 2.878) and trust in administrative evolution committee had effect on trust in government (0.29  and 3.453), but public awareness had no significant effect on trust in government (0.10  and 1.715). Conclusion: Glass government should pursue reducing corruption at the level of subordinate organizations with more transparency and awareness and by doing so, trust in the government and administrative evolution committees will be achieved.

scholarly journals Dynamics of initial spacing on the diameter of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla in a systematic design

2021 ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Mirella Basileu de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Mauro Eloi Nappo ◽  
Kálita Luis Soares ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Eder Pereira Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

We evaluated the effect of initial spacing on the distribution of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla tree diameters in a Nelder wheel design. The study area was in west-central Brazil. A Nelder wheel design with three repetitions was used. This design provides 432 planting spots per plot/repetition. Planting density varied from 0.50 m² to 41.25 m². The diameter at breast height was measured for all plants every four months until 36 months of age, totaling eight measurements. The description of the diameter distribution was developed by fitting probability density functions for each spacing and age. The quality of fit was evaluated using the root mean square error percentage, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (α < 0.05). The spacings up to 1.17 m² must be harvested in less than two years, since it is noted that in the third year the increment in diameter is static and the mortality rate increases. The spacing highly affects the diameter structure of the population, impelling the forester to consider different uses for the wood. For wood requiring larger diameters, spacing above 8.69 m² per tree is recommended

scholarly journals PLANTAS ALIMENTÍCIAS NÃO-CONVENCIONAS (PANC) COMO ELEMENTO ENDOGENO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL FUNDAMENTAL PARA O PROTAGONISMO DE UMA OUTRA ECONOMIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e042009
Author(s):  
José Raimundo Oliveira Lima ◽  
Jainara Ferreira Leal ◽  
Lázaro Pinheiro de Brito ◽  
Samuel Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Popular Economy ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Do So

A economia popular e solidária se opõe à superexploração do trabalho e à exploração dos recursos naturais efetivadas de maneira predatória como vem historicamente ocorrendo. Essa economia busca, entretanto, promover o desenvolvimento local e o crescimento socioeconômico em harmonia com proteção à natureza. A alimentação da humanidade atualmente se limita a apenas cerca de 110 espécies vegetais. Enquanto isso, muitas espécies ruderais, também consideradas invasoras ou pragas, além de importância ecológica, apresentam potencial alimentício, muitas vezes, já comprovado através de estudos. Em que pese a pouca divulgação desses dados, estima-se que o número dessas espécies possa chegar a 10.000. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a economia popular e solidária e as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) numa perspectiva do desenvolvimento local. Metodologicamente, adotamos a pesquisa-ação, inerente aos trabalhos orientados pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Economia Popular e Solidária e Desenvolvimento Local (GEPOSDEL), base dos trabalhos da Incubadora de Iniciativas de Economia Popular e Solidária da UEFS (IEPS-UEFS), articulada à disciplina Comercialização e Economia Solidária. Como resultados da pesquisa, inferimos que as PANC se consubstanciam como um dos principais elementos endógenos promissores do desenvolvimento local, elemento fundamental de uma outra economia, uma economia plural e protagonizada por pessoas, a economia popular e solidária.   Abstract The popular and solidary economy goes against the overexploitation of work and the exploitation of natural resources carried out in a predatory way as it has been historically happening. This economy, however, seeks to promote local development and socioeconomic growth in harmony with nature preservation. The human diet is restricted to about 110 plant species. Meanwhile, many ruderal species, also considered invasive or pests have an ecological importance, as well as nutritional potential, which has already been proven through scientific studies. Despite the limited circulation of these data, it is estimated that the number of these species may reach 10,000. In this way, this research aims to analyze the relationship between the popular and solidary economy and non-conventional food plants (PANC) in a perspective of local development. To do so, we applied the action research methodology, essential to the work guided by the Group of Studies and Research in Solidary and Popular Economy and Local Development.  (GEPOSDEL), which articulated to the discipline of Commercialization and Solidarity Economy, is the bases for the Popular and Solidarity Economy Initiatives Incubator of UEFS (IEPS-UEFS). As a result of the research, we infer that the PANCs are consubstantiated as one of the main promising endogenous elements of local development, a fundamental element of another economy, a plural economy and protagonized by people, the popular and solidary economy. Keywords: Popular and Solidarity Economy, Agriculture, Local development.

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