scholarly journals Mode of Action, Mechanism and Role of Microbes in Bioremediation Service for Environmental Pollution Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Birhanu Gizaw Tegene ◽  
◽  
Tesfaye Alemu Tenkegna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Land Farming

Environmental pollution is the global sensitive issues currently resulting ecologicl crise, drastic climate change and biodiversity loss. Bioremediation is one of an ecofriendly and cost effective alternative strategy for removing different pollutant waste using microorganisms. Different types of ex-situ and insitu bioremediation service these are biopiling, composting, Land farming, bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioagumention are employed to treat heavy metal waste, Petroleum hydrocarbon, agro-industreal, dyestuff, agrochemicals, organic and volatile compound, lignocellulose biomass and nuclear waste. Several microorganisms (natural/exotic/ engineered) having specific metabolic capability and various enzyme production ability which fall under six main divisions include Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases and Ligases (synthetases) are used during bioremediation process. Understanding the mechanism, mode of action and role of microorgsnism in bioremediation process is essential to utilize microorganism potential and designe waste management strategy

scholarly journals Microbial Bioremediation Technology of Some Agro Industrial Wastes and Pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Land Farming ◽  
Microbial Bioremediation ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Environmental pollution is the global sensitive issues currently resulting ecological crises, drastic climate change and biodiversity loss. Bioremediation is one of an ecofriendly and cost effective alternative strategy for removing different pollutant waste using microorganisms. Different types of ex-situ and in-situ bioremediation service these are biopiling, composting, Land farming, bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioagumention are employed to treat heavy metal waste, Petroleum hydrocarbon, agro-industreal, dyestuff, agrochemicals, organic and volatile compound, lignocellulose biomass and nuclear waste. Several microorganisms (natural/exotic/ engineered) having specific metabolic capability and various enzyme production ability which fall under six main divisions include Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases and Ligases (synthetases) are used during bioremediation process. Understanding the mechanism, mode of action and role of microorgsnism in bioremediation process is essential to utilize microorganism potential and designe waste management strategy.

Effective Pharmacist led interventional strategies to improve outcomes in hypertensive patients: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samra Bashir ◽  
Akash Syed
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmacist Intervention ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Impact

The role of pharmacist intervention as a cost-effective alternative to physician in disease management is increasingly been recognized. Studies have demonstrated that pharmaceutical care can improve drug therapy as well as patient satisfaction in chronic health conditions including cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed to review and outline a comprehensive pharmaceutical care plan from the randomized controlled trials previously conducted to assess the impact of pharmacist-managed care on disease outcomes in hypertensive patients. Compared with usual care, the pharmaceutical intervention involved patient evaluation, patient education and counselling, medication review and management, patient monitoring and follow-up, and feedback to the primary physician as major strategies.

Benefits of Low Resolution Gamma Spectroscopy (LRGS) in Assessment and Remediation of Alpha Contamination

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha McBarron ◽  
Jim Cassidy ◽  
Louise Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Field Instrumentation ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Real Time Identification

The legacy of alpha contamination in an exterior disused storage area at the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) presented difficult challenges with regard to assessment and remediation. The area was heavily overgrown, with degraded remnant surfaces and debris from past demolition activities. The use of conventional field instruments and/or an extensive intrusive sampling programme were precluded as being impractical, the latter prohibitively costly and not expeditious. This paper describes the identification of a cost-effective alternative for the initial site assessment and the role of LRGS in the subsequent remediation work. It includes: 1 identification and selection of a field instrumentation/system for investigating the site. 2 details of the TERRIER™ system, incorporating the SAM935 Low Resolution Gamma Spectrometer (LRGS) with the capability of real time identification of nuclides. 3 use of the TERRIER™ for a non-intrusive survey of the site, with rapid transformation of field data into informative plots useful for remediation planning. 4 use of the TERRIER™ during remediation work, including assay of arisings. 5 benefits and limitations of using LRGS to support remediation of alpha contamination. 6 application of the instrumentation/system to other radiological investigations.

The use of visual distraction to improve the tolerability of flexible laryngoscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Biggs ◽  
A Henderson ◽  
F Shelton ◽  
N N Patel
Keyword(s):  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Topical Anaesthetic ◽  
Visual Distraction ◽  
Flexible Laryngoscopy ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The University

AbstractBackgroundFlexible laryngoscopy is a commonly performed procedure in otolaryngology. Although this procedure is not considered painful, many patients describe it as uncomfortable. This study investigated the role of visual distraction as a form of pain relief during flexible laryngoscopy.MethodsThe study included patients undergoing flexible laryngoscopy at the University Hospital Southampton. Patients were self-allocated to one of four groups: with or without co-phenylcaine anaesthetic spray; and with and without visual distraction. Visual distraction involved the patient watching the procedure concurrently with the clinician, via a video monitor. Pre- and post-procedural discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale.ResultsThe use of topical anaesthetic spray was not associated with significantly reduced discomfort scores (p > 0.05). Discomfort scores were significantly reduced in the visual distraction groups (p = 0.04), irrespective of the use of topical anaesthetic spray.ConclusionThis small study showed that visual distraction should be considered as a simple and cost-effective alternative to local anaesthetic for flexible laryngoscopy.

Phyto-Remediation: Using Plants to Clean Up Soils

2016 ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Jagdale ◽  
Aniruddha Chabukswar
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Hazardous Waste Sites ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Established Treatment

In this chapter authors have discussed the role of plants to develop contaminant free environment. This concept is also known as Phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a word formed from the Greek prefix “phyto” meaning plant, and the Latin suffix “remedium” meaning to clean or restore. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, cost-effective alternative to the more established treatment methods used at hazardous waste sites. Phytoremediation can be classified into different applications, such as phytofiltration or rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation and phyto-extraction etc. The chapter will deal with phytoremediation, its advantages, limitations and in detail techniques of classification and application.

Assessing Adult Literacy by Telephone

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Sticht ◽  
C. Richard Hofstetter ◽  
Carolyn H. Hofstetter
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Several industrialized nations have conducted expensive door-to-door surveys of adult literacy. Following a critique of the role of knowledge in literacy, the research presented here examined the construct and action validity of the use of simple checklists to assess the declarative knowledge component of adult's literacy by telephone. Significant relationships were found among knowledge when assessed either by listening (telephone) or by reading (mailed questionnaire) modality. The telephone data showed similar relationships to demographic variables that have been found in the 1993 National Adult Literacy Survey and other literacy surveys during the last half-century. It was concluded that the telephone method may provide a valid, cost-effective alternative to door-to-door assessments of literacy.

scholarly journals Metabolic Primers for Detection of (Per)chlorate-Reducing Bacteria in the Environment and Phylogenetic Analysis of cld Gene Sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5651-5658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Bender ◽  
Melissa R. Rice ◽  
William H. Fugate ◽  
John D. Coates ◽  
Laurie A. Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Chlorite Dismutase ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Natural attenuation of the environmental contaminant perchlorate is a cost-effective alternative to current removal methods. The success of natural perchlorate remediation is dependent on the presence and activity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) within a target site. To detect DPRB in the environment, two degenerate primer sets targeting the chlorite dismutase (cld) gene were developed and optimized. A nested PCR approach was used in conjunction with these primer sets to increase the sensitivity of the molecular detection method. Screening of environmental samples indicated that all products amplified by this method were cld gene sequences. These sequences were obtained from pristine sites as well as contaminated sites from which DPRB were isolated. More than one cld phylotype was also identified from some samples, indicating the presence of more than one DPRB strain at those sites. The use of these primer sets represents a direct and sensitive molecular method for the qualitative detection of (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria in the environment, thus offering another tool for monitoring natural attenuation. Sequences of cld genes isolated in the course of this project were also generated from various DPRB and provided the first opportunity for a phylogenetic treatment of this metabolic gene. Comparisons of the cld and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene trees indicated that the cld gene does not track 16S rDNA phylogeny, further implicating the possible role of horizontal transfer in the evolution of (per)chlorate respiration.

Review on Plastic Waste Disposal and Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation of Plastics

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Vyshnavi V. Rao ◽  
Sonashree R. ◽  
Rashmi R. Halbavi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Plastic Wastes

Plastics are the most commonly used polymers for conventional applications. Plastic wastes accumulating the environment are presenting an ever-increasing ecological threat. Low density polyethylene is major cause of long-term environmental pollution. An eco-friendly approach to resolve this ever-growing persistent menace is bioremediation. The diverse metabolic capability of microbes can be effectively exploited for breakdown of plastic wastes. Another approach is to synthesise biodegradable or organic plastics which is soluble in the natural environment. There are several advantages associated with these biodegradable plastics or plastic degrading microbes. They can be composted with organic wastes and returned to enrich the soil. Their use will not only reduce stress and loss of habitat of wild animals caused by dumping of conventional plastics but will also lessen the labor expenses for the removal of plastic wastes in the environment because they degrade naturally. This review describes bioremediation/biodegradation process, production, types of and advantages of bioplastics.

Exploring the role of gene therapy for neurological disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Puranik ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Pallavi Singh Chauhan ◽  
Minseok Kwak ◽  
Jun-O Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Missing Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Extensive Surgery

Gene therapy is one the frontier fields of medical breakthroughs that poses as an effective solution to previously incurable diseases. The delivery of the corrective genetic material or a therapeutic gene into the cell restores the missing gene function and cures a plethora of diseases, incurable by the conventional medical approaches. This discovery holds the potential to treat many neurodegenerative disorders such as muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among others. Gene therapy proves as a humane, cost effective alternative to the exhaustive often arduous and timely impossible process of finding matched donors and extensive surgery. It also overcomes the shortcoming of conventional methods to cross the blood brain barrier. However, the use of gene therapy is only possible after procuring the in-depth knowledge of the immuno-pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of the disease. The process of gene therapy can be broadly categorized into three main steps: elucidating the target gene, culling the appropriate vector, and determining the best mode of transfer; each step mandating pervasive research. This review aims to dissertate and summarize the role, various vectors and methods of delivery employed in gene therapy with special emphasis on therapy directed at the central nervous system (CNS) associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Extended role of transnasal oesophagoscopy: a review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Johnstone ◽  
P Tassone ◽  
S Burrows ◽  
R Nassif ◽  
A Vijendren
Keyword(s):  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in endoscopic technology have allowed transnasal oesophagoscopy to be used for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.MethodA review of the literature was carried out to look into the extended role of transnasal oesophagoscopy within otolaryngology, using the Embase, Cinahl and Medline databases.ResultsThere were 16 studies showing that transnasal oesophagoscopy is safe and cost effective and can be used for removal of foreign bodies, tracheoesophageal puncture, laser laryngeal surgery and balloon dilatation.ConclusionThis study presents a summary of the literature showing that transnasal oesophagoscopy can be used as a safe and cost-effective alternative or adjunct to traditional rigid endoscopes for therapeutic procedures.

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