‘Green’ Building as an Urban Branding Tool: The Israeli Example

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.

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Precision Farming at the Nexus of Agricultural Production and the Environment

Annual Review of Resource Economics ◽

10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-093929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 313-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Robert Finger ◽

Scott M. Swinton ◽

Nadja El Benni ◽

Achim Walter

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Precision Farming ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Small Scale ◽

Public And Private ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Large Farms

Precision farming enables agricultural management decisions to be tailored spatially and temporally. Site-specific sensing, sampling, and managing allow farmers to treat a field as a heterogeneous entity. Through targeted use of inputs, precision farming reduces waste, thereby cutting both private variable costs and the environmental costs such as those of agrichemical residuals. At present, large farms in developed countries are the main adopters of precision farming. But its potential environmental benefits can justify greater public and private sector incentives to encourage adoption, including in small-scale farming systems in developing countries. Technological developments and big data advances continue to make precision farming tools more connected, accurate, efficient, and widely applicable. Improvements in the technical infrastructure and the legal framework can expand access to precision farming and thereby its overall societal benefits.

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Monte Carlo Simulation for Cost Forecasting in the Green Building Project

Asian Journal of Quality of Life ◽

10.21834/ajqol.v5i18.204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (18) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Faridah Muhamad Halil ◽

Hafiszah Ismail ◽

Mohamad Sufian Hasim ◽

Halim Hashim

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo Simulation ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Publishing House ◽

Green Building ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Public And Private ◽

International Publishing ◽

Cost Forecasting ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Building Project

Monte Carlo Simulation is a mathematical technique that generates random variables for modelling risk. This technique is suitable and benefits to the various client such as public and private sector to evaluate the costing prepared by the Quantity Surveyor. The methodology used is a qualitative approach consisting of a case study and document analysis. The result shows through Monte Carlo simulation, can predict the worst return from the accuracy of the estimation and given absolute confidence for project development. Keywords: Monte Carlo, Risk Analysis, Cost Prediction, Qualitative Approach eISSN 2398-4279 ©2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v5i18.204

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Adapting of Economic Development to Climate Change

Journal of Economic Development Environment and People ◽

10.26458/jedep.v1i2.12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Sandra Zajmi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Development ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Public And Private ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Life On Earth

Climate change is the most complex challenge that humankind has had to face in recent times. With each successive generation, redressing the imbalance will be more difficult. Diverse and complex requirements of maintaining life on Earth, collectively called the environment, can be caused both by natural, geophysical factors, and anthropogenic or social factors. There is a lot of evidence that the economic activity of mankind is a major anthropogenic factor in current turmoil of the environment on Earth. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the anthropogenic impacts on the environment are becoming increasingly important, and undoubtedly dominate. Of all forms of economic activity the greatest impact have the activities related to energy production and use in various sectors. The link between environmental conditions and economic activities has become the subject of separate scientific disciplines that are dynamically developing in the second half of the twentieth century.Economic growth of the economies, especially of developed countries, in seventies and eighties of the twentieth century, drew attention to the growing international economic, political and ecological interdependence, particulary in terms of its ecological outcome. The future economic growth of all countries on the planet thus becoming a global problem.In this context, more attention must be paid to the relationship between population, resources, and environmental outcomes on one side, and long-term sustainable economic development on the other side. In the recent time there have been noticeable the increasing number of problems that are becoming global: economic, social and energy problems, and contain ecological basis. Human decisions and acivities are dependent on ethics and view of the world, and this view depends on the culture, tradition, achieved level of development and so on.Therefore, it is necessary to adjust economic development to climate change, where a great importance plays a cooperation between the public and private sector.

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Public Service Motivation among Indonesian Employees: a Critical Review Toward the Psm Theory

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p133-142 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Syamsir Syamsir

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Private Sector ◽

Public Service ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Public Service Motivation ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Public And Private ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Public And Private Sector

Public Service Motivation (PSM) is still a new concept in public administration theory. As a nascent theory, it needs to be proved with any contexts and cases of many countries around the world, especially developing countries that might have different contexts related to cultures, beliefs, views on the importance of financial rewards, etc. So far, most PSM research focuses more on comparisons between public and private employees in the Western and developed countries. There is almost no study about the PSM in developing countries. In addition, most of PSM theories tended to generalize the assumptions of the PSM among employees and often ignore cultural dimensions in their analysis. There is an impression that PSM theories are cross-culturally viable. This study examined the application of the PSM theories in Indonesia as a developing country, especially in Padang West Sumatera. Rational choice theories and the other PSM theories had been used in analyzing the finding of this study. Using t-test on responses by 417 respondents of public and 201 of private sector employees, this study tested the difference of PSM levels between the two sector employees. The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant difference in the level of PSM between public and private sector employees in Padang West Sumatera. The level of PSM of public employees tends to be lower than that of private sector. The results of this study imply that PSM theory is not cross-culturally viable.

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A Conceptual Study on the Monte Carlo Simulation for Cost Forecasting in the Green Building Project

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal ◽

10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Faridah Muhamad Halil ◽

Hafiszah Ismail ◽

Mohamad Sufian Hasim ◽

Halim Hashim

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo Simulation ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Publishing House ◽

Green Building ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Public And Private ◽

Cost Forecasting ◽

Conceptual Study ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Building Project

Monte Carlo Simulation is a mathematical technique that generates random variables for modelling risk. This technique is suitable and benefits to the various client such as public and private sector to evaluate the realistic costing proposed by the Quantity Surveyor. Through this approach, quality of life received by the client in investing budget without waste of propose funding in the construction project. The methodology used is a qualitative approach consist of case study and document analysis. The result shows through Monte Carlo simulation, can predict the worst return from the accuracy of the estimation and given absolute confidence for project development. Keywords: Monte Carlo, Risk Analysis, Cost Prediction, Qualitative Approach eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2101

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Public Service Motivation Among Indonesian Employees: a Critical Review toward the PSM Theory

10.31227/osf.io/2dasn ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Syamsir

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Private Sector ◽

Public Service ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Public Service Motivation ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Public And Private ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Public And Private Sector

Public Service Motivation (PSM) is still a new concept in public administration theory. As a nascent theory, it needs to be proved with any contexts and cases of many countries around the world, especially developing countries that might have different contexts related to cultures, beliefs, views on the importance of financial rewards, etc. So far, most PSM research focuses more on comparisons between public and private employees in the Western and developed countries. There is almost no study about the PSM in developing countries. In addition, most of PSM theories tended to generalize the assumptions of the PSM among employees and often ignore cultural dimensions in their analysis. There is an impression that PSM theories are cross-culturally viable. This study examined the application of the PSM theories in Indonesia as a developing country, especially in Padang West Sumatera. Rational choice theories and the other PSM theories had been used in analyzing the finding of this study. Using t-test on responses by 417 respondents of public and 201 of private sector employees, this study tested the difference of PSM levels between the two sector employees. The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant difference in the level of PSM between public and private sector employees in Padang West Sumatera. The level of PSM of public employees tends to be lower than that of private sector. The results of this study imply that PSM theory is not cross-culturally viable.

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Green office construction: a discounted after-tax cash flow analysis

Journal of Property Investment and Finance ◽

10.1108/jpif-01-2014-0007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 474-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Billie Ann Brotman

Keyword(s):

Energy Savings ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Green Building ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Present Value ◽

Content Type ◽

Green Construction ◽

Tax Incentive ◽

The Usa ◽

Equipment Wear

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent slow acceptance on the part of developers located in the USA to seek green certifications. If green-certified construction costs more than non-green construction, then is there a financial reason for not seeking a green rating. Do green buildings perform better than non-green buildings financially? The paper develops and presents a discounted present value model for doing a cost-benefit analysis for building green. This model enables an investor to determine the feasibility of constructing a new green-certified building instead of a conventional non-green building. Non-green buildings are not certified by a rating agency such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Energy Star or Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). Real estate permits are granted by local municipalities in the USA. This means that local government mandates requiring green construction that significantly adds to the initial cost of a project could have the unintended result of encouraging new non-green construction just outside their municipal boundaries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper collects publically available research data for office buildings located in the USA, and inputs this information into an income statement. It tests the hypothesis: is green-certified construction a financially feasible choice for an investor? An incremental approach using a 15-year holding period is presented. This time period takes into account equipment wear and tear. Heating/cooling systems and other green-technologically based operating systems have a limited life and do not last for 30 or 40 years. They are likely to need replacement after 15 years have lapsed. Findings – The negative net present value (NPV) results and high payback periods indicate that increased rents for green construction, a tax credit for the present value loss and/or property-tax reduction covering the shortfall is needed as an incentive to commercially build green. The implication of a negative NPV is that green office buildings will be built by government agencies where green is mandated, corporations that want a green image and benefit from this image, where local ordinances mandate green construction features and where local and federal tax incentives are available increasing a construction project's feasibility. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of any cost-benefit study is that analytical models and/or data used to forecast energy and water consumption savings in green-certified buildings compared to conventional buildings can be inaccurate. Forecasting models can understate or overstate the actual savings realized from green construction especially in the long-term given the difficulty of predicting equipment wear and tear, net rents and energy costs. The modeled percentage cost associated with green new construction features could remain constant or grow through time. Tables I and II results assume energy and water expenses remain a constant percentage over the 15-year period. The agency costs associated with obtaining a LEED or BREEAM certification was not calculated as an upfront cost. Certification by LEED or BREEAM increases the upfront cost associated with building a green building. Practical implications – The length of the payback period estimates coupled with negative NPV for green certified compared to non-green construction suggests that developers do not have an incentive to build green. Higher WACC rates would result in green-certified projects being less feasible to build. Social implications – The LEED certification point system may need to be reviewed. Points are assigned for features that improve occupant satisfaction, but may have little impact on reducing energy usage. Originality/value – A model is presented for determining whether green-certified construction is financially feasible. The model enables the investor to determine the size of a tax incentive that is needed to enable new green construction to be economically feasible to build. The higher the negative NPV the larger the income or property tax incentive or other financial incentives needed. Prior research studies compared green and non-green buildings, but did not compare the energy savings generated to the additional construction and upfront costs incurred using a discount rate. They assumed the energy savings justified the additional initial cost associated with building a new green certified.

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Students’ environmental responsibility and their willingness to pay for green buildings

International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education ◽

10.1108/ijshe-04-2013-0029 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 327-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sharmin Attaran ◽

Bilge Gokhan Celik

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Online Survey ◽

Environmental Attitudes ◽

Green Building ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Assessment System ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Environmental Responsibility ◽

Content Type ◽

Environmentally Responsible

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore environmental attitudes and how such attitudes, when combined with a specific cost, can affect environmental behavior. Environmental attitudes are important to study due to the rising belief by building occupants that they are owed safe, healthy, environmentally responsible, and comfortable living environments. Universities around the world are responding to such demands as the majority of prospective college students and their parents claim that the environmental record is a determining factor in their selection of a university. Therefore, this study examines the environmental responsibility levels of a sample student population and to explore how these scores, along with gender, impact their willingness to pay for studying and living in green buildings. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey consisting of three parts was administered to undergraduate university students to measure environmental responsibility, willingness to pay and demographic variables. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, t-tests and correlation were conducted to explore relationships among variables. Findings – Results of statistical analyses show a direct correlation between environmental responsibility and willingness to pay for green buildings, as defined by a leading green building assessment system. Results also show that female students are more environmentally responsible than males. Practical implications – Successful generalizations of the findings of this research may lead to better marketing of green buildings to the general public. Originality/value – Findings present a unique opportunity for university administrations to develop more focused messages when communicating their environmental record with current and potential students.

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Visioning “smart city” across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries

foresight ◽

10.1108/fs-11-2017-0068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 237-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stuti Saxena ◽

Tariq Ali Said Mansour Al-Tamimi

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

Economic Diversification ◽

Public And Private ◽

Content Type ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Public And Private Sector

Purpose The study aims to underscore the initiatives taken by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in spearheading their drive towards creating “smart” cities. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a qualitative approach by invoking documentary analysis supplemented by responses provided by 13 interviewees from public and private sector. Findings All the six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) are keen on building upon their infrastructure to push their “smart city” agenda which would go a long way in furthering the economic diversification objective of their region besides improving the quality of public services. Originality/value Hitherto, research has been focused on appreciating the “smart city” initiatives of developed countries; this study seeks to build upon the literature on “smart cities” by contextualizing the research setting in the developing countries. Second, the study shows that with the ongoing oil prices crisis in the GCC, the “smart city” initiatives of the countries are conceived as possible avenues of economic diversification and competitiveness.

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