scholarly journals Adapting of Economic Development to Climate Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sandra Zajmi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Life On Earth

Climate change is the most complex challenge that humankind has had to face in recent times. With each successive generation, redressing the imbalance will be more difficult. Diverse and complex requirements of maintaining life on Earth, collectively called the environment, can be caused both by natural, geophysical factors, and anthropogenic or social factors. There is a lot of evidence that the economic activity of mankind is a major anthropogenic factor in current turmoil of the environment on Earth. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the anthropogenic impacts on the environment are becoming increasingly important, and undoubtedly dominate. Of all forms of economic activity the greatest impact have the activities related to energy production and use in various sectors. The link between environmental conditions and economic activities has become the subject of separate scientific disciplines that are dynamically developing in the second half of the twentieth century.Economic growth of the economies, especially of developed countries, in seventies and eighties of the twentieth century, drew attention to the growing international economic, political and ecological interdependence, particulary in terms of its ecological outcome. The future economic growth of all countries on the planet thus becoming a global problem.In this context, more attention must be paid to the relationship between population, resources, and environmental outcomes on one side, and long-term sustainable economic development on the other side. In the recent time there have been noticeable the increasing number of problems that are becoming global: economic, social and energy problems, and contain ecological basis. Human decisions and acivities are dependent on ethics and view of the world, and this view depends on the culture, tradition, achieved level of development and so on.Therefore, it is necessary to adjust economic development to climate change, where a great importance plays a cooperation between the public and private sector. 

scholarly journals Currency liberalization and its impact on the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Valentyna Harkavenko ◽  
◽  
Galina Yershova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Examining the transformation of financial relations in Ukraine, in the previous article the authors analyzed the impact of foreign capital on the economic development of this country’s economy and found that its concentration in certain economic activities contributed to consolidating its raw material orientation. The authors conclude that due to the distorted model of Ukraine's economic development, successful practices of developed countries to attract foreign investment and reform the financial sector are ineffective in this country’s economy. Continuing the study of the transformations of financial relations in Ukraine, which are taking place under the influence of the approximation of domestic legislation to European standards, the authors could not leave aside the question of impact of the liberalization of currency legislation on the economy. Given that currency liberalization significantly affects the behavior of foreign investors, the authors conducted an in-depth analysis of legislative changes in the financial sector, and described the main results of their implementation. The positive and negative consequences of currency liberalization in Ukraine for business entities and the economy in general are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the risks associated with the liberalization of operations related to the movement of capital and the behavior of non-residents in the financial market of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine’s economy with its distorted development model belongs to the financially and institutionally weak ones, hence is not presently ready to liberalize its monetary relations, which could only deepen the deformations and reduce resilience to macroeconomic imbalances.

Natural Liabilities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Collier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The World ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Intense Heat ◽  
Growing Population

Factories produce the goods that we want. They also spew out smoke. The smoky factory is, in fact, the classic image used by economists to illustrate the idea of an externality. The factory sells the goods but does not have to pay for the smoke. We now know that smoke is more damaging than previously appreciated. There is nothing more natural than carbon dioxide; it is one of the basic ingredients of life. Yet carbon has become a natural liability. It accumulates up in the atmosphere, trapping in heat. Of course carbon only becomes a problem when it passes the threshold at which it is excessive. We have passed that threshold. As the extra carbon traps in heat, the world heats up, and as it heats up the climate becomes more volatile. The consequences are wide-ranging, but Africa will be the region most severely affected. Africa is huge and climate change will not affect it uniformly, but it seems likely that the drier parts will become drier still, making staple foods unviable. Increased climate variation, which means droughts, floods, and bouts of intense heat, can wreak havoc with traditional cultivation. Agriculture, which is currently Africa’s main economic activity, will become less productive. A rapidly growing population will be scratching a living from a progressively less amenable natural environment. Carbon brings together the key themes of this book. Although it is natural, extra carbon is now a liability; there is nothing intrinsically benign about nature. It is emitted not just by industry but by a number of natural processes. For example, probably the most natural of all human economic activities is rearing cattle. Pastoralists have been ranging the wilderness for millennia. Unfortunately, in terms of global warming, they are more of a menace than nuclear power stations, which produce energy without emitting carbon. That is because cows fart. Being renewable, carbon shares much of the economics of fish and trees, except that instead of being a renewable natural asset it is a renewable natural liability. The damage it does depends not upon how much is emitted today, but on how much has been emitted cumulatively over recent decades.

Precision Farming at the Nexus of Agricultural Production and the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Finger ◽  
Scott M. Swinton ◽  
Nadja El Benni ◽  
Achim Walter
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Large Farms

Precision farming enables agricultural management decisions to be tailored spatially and temporally. Site-specific sensing, sampling, and managing allow farmers to treat a field as a heterogeneous entity. Through targeted use of inputs, precision farming reduces waste, thereby cutting both private variable costs and the environmental costs such as those of agrichemical residuals. At present, large farms in developed countries are the main adopters of precision farming. But its potential environmental benefits can justify greater public and private sector incentives to encourage adoption, including in small-scale farming systems in developing countries. Technological developments and big data advances continue to make precision farming tools more connected, accurate, efficient, and widely applicable. Improvements in the technical infrastructure and the legal framework can expand access to precision farming and thereby its overall societal benefits.

An overview of the EUCP project – towards improved European Climate Predictions and Projections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Lowe ◽  
Carol McSweeney ◽  
Chris Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Model Ensembles ◽  
Public And Private Sector

<p>There is clear evidence that, even with the most favourable emission pathways over coming decades, there will be a need for society to adapt to the impacts of climate variability and change. To do this regional, national and local actors need up-to-date information on the changing climate with clear accompanying detail on the robustness of the information. This needs to be communicated to both public and private sector organisations, ideally as part of a process of co-developing solutions.</p><p>EUCP is an H2020 programme that began in December 2017 with the aim of researching and testing the provision of improved climate predictions and projections for Europe for the next 40+ years, and drawing on the expertise of researchers from a number of major climate research institutes across Europe. It is also engaging with users of climate change information through a multiuser forum (MUF) to ensure that what we learn will match the needs of the people who need if for decision making and planning.</p><p>The first big issue that EUCP seeks to address is how better to use ensembles of climate model projections, moving beyond the one-model-one-vote philosophy. Here, the aim is to better understand how model ensembles might be constrained or sub-selected, and how multiple strands of information might be combined into improved climate change narratives or storylines. The second area where EUCP is making progress is in the use of very high-resolution regional climate simulations that are capable of resolving aspects of atmospheric convection. Present day and future simulations from a new generation of regional models ae being analysed in EUCP and will be used in a number of relevant case studies. The third issue that EUCP will consider is how to make future simulations more seamless across those time scales that are most relevant user decision making. This includes generating a better understanding of predictability over time and its sources in initialised forecasts, and also how to transition from the initialised forecasts to longer term boundary forced climate projections.</p><p>This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges being addressed by EUCP and the approaches the project is using.</p><p><br><br></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Black entrepreneurs, local embeddedness and regional economic development in Northern Namibia

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hege M. Knutsen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Black Entrepreneurs ◽  
Local Embeddedness

The article addresses possibilities and barriers to economic activity and development in the Oshana region of Northern Namibia. The focus is on the role of local embeddedness of economic activities in attaining economic development. A network perspective, based on theories of value chains that are embedded both in social relations and spatially, is selected as the analytical framework. The value chains of local black entrepreneurs in the study area are short. Moreover, the analysis reveals that social obligations may impede economic development, but that such practices are diminishing. The economic dominance and competition from South Africa is the main impediment to economic development in Northern Namibia. Local political embeddedness is shallow and political measures have not significantly reduced the implications of this dominance.

scholarly journals Public Service Motivation among Indonesian Employees: a Critical Review Toward the Psm Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Syamsir Syamsir
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Public Service Motivation (PSM) is still a new concept in public administration theory. As a nascent theory, it needs to be proved with any contexts and cases of many countries around the world, especially developing countries that might have different contexts related to cultures, beliefs, views on the importance of financial rewards, etc. So far, most PSM research focuses more on comparisons between public and private employees in the Western and developed countries. There is almost no study about the PSM in developing countries. In addition, most of PSM theories tended to generalize the assumptions of the PSM among employees and often ignore cultural dimensions in their analysis. There is an impression that PSM theories are cross-culturally viable. This study examined the application of the PSM theories in Indonesia as a developing country, especially in Padang West Sumatera. Rational choice theories and the other PSM theories had been used in analyzing the finding of this study. Using t-test on responses by 417 respondents of public and 201 of private sector employees, this study tested the difference of PSM levels between the two sector employees. The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant difference in the level of PSM between public and private sector employees in Padang West Sumatera. The level of PSM of public employees tends to be lower than that of private sector. The results of this study imply that PSM theory is not cross-culturally viable.

scholarly journals MODELO DE GESTIÓN DE MANEJO COSTERO INTEGRADO EN EL ECUADOR.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir José Soria Freire
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Community System ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Las zonas costeras son espacios en los que se desarrollan importantes actividades económicas que generan presiones e impactos sobre el medio ambiente, lo cual requiere respuestas por parte del sector público y privado, para garantizar la sostenibilidad en la gestión de sus recursos. El manejo costero integrado, como propuesta de gobernanza, incluye dos caminos: fortalecimiento institucional y participación ciudadana. El presente artículo propone un modelo de gestión a escala local, basado en tres ejes: el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales de los gobiernos locales, el ordenamiento territorial para una adecuada determinación y delimitación de las competencias en materia ambiental costera; y, la participación ciudadana a nivel del régimen de las comunas, en coordinación con los distintos niveles de gobierno. Un total de 26 comunas costeras son estudiadas y se presentan resultados para evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo.   Palabras clave: Gobernanza, Creación institucional, Regulación ambiental, Desempeño de gobierno, relaciones intergubernamentales   ABSTRACT   Coastal areas are spaces that develop economic activities that generate significant pressures and impacts on the environment, which requires a response from the public and private sector to ensure sustainability in the management of their resources. Integrated coastal management and governance approach includes two avenues: strengthening of institutional bodies and citizen participation. This article proposes a model of local management based on three pillars: the strengthening the institutional capacity of local governments, the proper land outlining and delimitation, and the determination of the competences in the coastal environmental, and citizen participation in the community system in coordination with the various levels of government. A total of 26 coastal communities are studied and the results are presented to measure the degree of fulfillment of the development goals.   Keywords: Governance, Institution building, Environmental regulation, Government performance, Intergovernmental relations   Recibido: octubre 2014Aprobado: febrero 2015

Some rationales for risk sharing and financing adaptation

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Bouwer ◽  
P. Vellinga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Disaster Losses ◽  
Financial Arrangements

Current climate variability and anticipated climate change challenge our water systems and our financial resources. The sharing of economic losses due to weather related hazards and the sharing of costs that result from protecting lives and property take place in different forms, but are currently insufficient. In this paper we discuss three different rationales for financing disaster losses through public and private arrangements, as well as options for financing adaptation, with a special focus on water management. We propose that financial arrangements for risk sharing and climate change adaptation should be reconsidered, in a more structured approach, to be able to deal with both disaster losses and the costs that arise because of climate change adaptation, e.g. for water management, in both developing and developed countries.

Japanese Economic Activities in Sabah from the 1890s until 1941

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Sabihah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Most writings on Sabah's socio-economic development tend to focus on the roles by the British and other Europeans but neglect contributions by the Japanese, who were at least equally important to Sabah's economic growth. This article provides a study of Japanese economic activity in Sabah, focusing on immigrant workers and highlighting the policies of successive Japanese governments toward emigration to Sabah.

Terrorism and tourism: Bahamas and Jamaica fight back

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Advertising Campaign ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector

This study highlights the fragility of the tourism industry in developing countries. The overdependence of the Bahamas on the tourism industry, for economic development, is brought into focus here. The adroit efforts of the directors of tourism for both the Bahamas and Jamaica are highlighted. Both governments saw the need to immediately fund a revised marketing and advertising campaign, in the aftermath of 9/11. An important factor in the recovery of both destinations is the extent to which a coalition of public and private sector tourism stakeholders in both countries committed themselves to resolving the crisis quickly at hand. The commitment of the public and private sector in these countries, to safeguarding and promoting this industry probably positively correlated to the importance of the industry to the economy of the countries, as evidenced by tourism’s contribution to their GDP.

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