scholarly journals Characterization and Lipolytic Activity of Bacteria Isolates from Freshwater Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Opara C N ◽  
◽  
Anumudu C K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Freshwater Clam

Lipases form an important group of relevant enzymes which have applications in various fields including; food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic industries. Lipases can be produced from diverse sources including microorganisms. This study evaluated the potential of bacteria isolates from fresh-water clam Mercenaria Mercenaria to produce lipolytic enzymes. Ten samples of Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) were screened for the presence of lipase producing bacteria using classical culture methods. Eleven bacteria species were obtained, of which six (Actinomyces sp., E. coli, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Clostridium sp. and Klebsiella sp.) produced lipases that had lipolytic activity in breaking down olive oil used in media supplementation. The best culture media and conditions for optimal production of lipases was studied and it was shown that supplementation of growth media with 2% dextrose at neutral pH gave the greatest yield of lipases when lipase producing isolates were grown in shake flasks. Measurement of biomass by culture and turbidimetric methods indicates that the highest cell mass was recorded by Pseudomonas sp at 7.8 x 105 CFU/ml, closely followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., at 6.2 x 105 CFU/ml and 5.3 x 105 respectively. The produced lipases were partially purified by precipitating with ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis. The total protein content of produced lipases was evaluated by the Lowry’s method, showing that estimated protein content followed the same trend as cell biomass with the highest recorded by Pseudomonas sp. at 1.53mg/ml, followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at 1.47mg/ml and 1.32mg/ml respectively. The results obtained in this study shows that isolates obtained from freshwater clam can produce potent lipases which can be employed for industrial, food and other diverse uses

Galleria mellonella (L.) Survivorship, Development and Protein Content in Response to Dietary Antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ender Büyükgüzel ◽  
Yusuf Kalender
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations

Antibiotics are routinely incorporated in insect culture media. Although culturing insects on diets containing antibiotics is a decades-old practice, the antibiotics can exert deleterious effects on the insects. Diets amended with penicillin, streptomycin, fluconazole or griseofulvin were evaluated as to their impact on survivorship, development, wet weight, and adult total protein content of Galleria mellonella (L.). Insects were reared from neonates to adults on artificial diets containing 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 g of the antibiotics (per 100 g diet). Dose- and stage-dependent variations in both biological and biochemical parameters occurred. Penicillin at high concentrations significantly increased the wet weight of the insect, whereas low dietary fluconazole, griseofulvin and streptomycin concentrations significantly increased wet weight and high concentrations decreased wet weight. Dietary antibiotic treatment resulted in significantly decreased survivorship and increased developmental time of larvae. The diet amended with 1.0 g of either penicillin or streptomycin decreased pupation and adult emergence by 50%. Larvae reared on the diets supplemented with the highest concentrations of fluconazole and griseofulvin produced as low as 20% of adults. The 0.1 g fluconazole treatment prolonged adult development by 8 d. High dietary griseofulvin concentrations markedly decreased total protein content of adults. Other antibiotics also resulted in decreased total protein content in adults depending on their types and concentrations. Slightly enhanced survivorship, shortened development and increased total protein content were observed with some sublethal doses of antibiotics. It appears that dietary antibiotic impact on insect biological parameters is exerted via their deteriorative effects on biochemical factors in relation to alterations in wet weight. Low concentrations of these antibiotics can be used in artificial rearing of G. mellonella .

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

Total protein content and protein synthesis within pre-elongation stage bovine embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thompson ◽  
A.N.M. Sherman ◽  
N.W. Allen ◽  
L.T. McGowan ◽  
H.R. Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Embryos

Enhanced Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies kurstaki and aizawai to Black Cutworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) With Bacillus sp. NFD2 and Pseudomonas sp. FNFD1

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer A. Mashtoly ◽  
Assem Abolmaaty ◽  
Mohamed El-Said El-Zemaity ◽  
Mohamed I. Hussien ◽  
Steven R. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Luiz Rosa ◽  
Márcio Mateus Beloti ◽  
Richard van Noort ◽  
Paul Vincent Hatton ◽  
Anne Jane Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Powder Pressing

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.

IL-1 beta and IL-6 induce hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cultured guinea pig airway smooth muscle cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1555-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. De ◽  
E. T. Zelazny ◽  
J. F. Souhrada ◽  
M. Souhrada
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells

Guinea pig airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were maintained in a primary tissue culture (passages 1–3). Cells were exposed to human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta; 20–100 pg/ml) or interleukin-6 (IL-6; 1–4 ng/ml) in the presence of indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) for up to 5 days. Proliferation of ASM cells was assessed with two techniques, direct counting of cells with a hemacytometer and [3H]thymidine incorporation corrected for total protein content. Hypertrophy of ASM cells was assessed by [3H]leucine incorporation (evaluation of protein synthesis), determination of total DNA content, DNA content per cell, and protein content per cell. We observed that the exposure of ASM cells to human recombinant IL-1 beta or IL-6, in all studied concentrations, significantly increased the number of cells as well as [3H]thymidine incorporation into ASM cells. We also found that exposure of ASM to these two cytokines increased [3H]leucine incorporation into the ASM cells and increased protein content and DNA content per single cell. These changes were also concentration dependent. We conclude that the two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta and IL-6, which are present in asthmatic lungs, increased the proliferation of ASM cells (hyperplasia) as well as their overall size and size of their nuclei, as measured by biochemical markers. These findings are compatible with the presence of ASM hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Sorção de cobre e manganês por bactérias rizosféricas do trigo

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Voss ◽  
Robert Wayne Stefen Phillip Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp

A bioacumulação de metais por microrganismos se deve principalmente a fenômenos de superfície, ocorrendo adsorção, de forma estequiométrica, com os radicais aniônicos dos envoltórios celulares, seguido ou não de precipitação dos metais. Para estudar condicionantes da sorção de metais por bactérias vivas, quantificou-se o Cu2+ e Mn2+ retirados por um Bacillus sp. e uma Pseudomonas sp., isolados da rizosfera de trigo, de uma solução de cloreto dos metais, determinando-se a quantidade de metal restante no sobrenadante, após centrifugação. Usou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Ensaiaram-se efeito dos teores de Cu2+ e Mn2+, do pH e do tempo de crescimento bacteriano. O Bacillus sorveu mais Cu2+ e Mn2+ do que Pseudomonas. em todas as concentrações desses metais. A sorção de Cu2+ por ambas as bactérias apresentou maiores incrementos do que Mn2+ com aumento dos teores desses metais na solução. A alteração do pH 5,0 para 3,0 diminuiu a sorção dos dois metais. Com o tempo de cultivo de 90 horas a Pseudomonas apresentou maior sorção de cobre e de manganês do que no tempo de 16 horas. Os resultados obtidos assemelham-se aos fenômenos de troca de cátions em colóides.

Development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H268-H272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
G. T. Hammons ◽  
J. O. Holoszy
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Exercise Induced

Adult female rats were exercised by daily swimming. All the increase in heart weight induced by the exercise occurred within 14 days and averaged 30%. The half times of the increases in heart weight and total protein content were about 4.5 days, whereas that of cytochrome c, which was used as a mitochondrial marker, was 6.5 days. The total amounts of DNA and of hydroxyproline in the heart, which were used to evaluate the degree of connective tissue hyperplasia, increased only slightly (8% and 10%, respectively). Other animals were subjected to the same swimming program for 21 days. Groups of rats were killed at various time intervals after stopping exercise. Heart weight, total protein content, and total cytochrome c content decreased rapidly initially, with 60% of the total regression of hypertrophy occurring during the first week. Thereafter, heart weight fell more gradually toward the sedentary control value. The hydroxyproline content of the heart, which was increased 10%, did not decrease during the regression of the hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

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