scholarly journals How and Where the Standard Model of Particle Physics Hides Dark Matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Housam H Safadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Higgs Particle ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is thought to be the best map that describes our life. For this reason, it could embed dark matter and reason gravity. In this exploration, I am looking at Standard Model through a new approach different from merely classifying particles as fermions and bosons. I will search in them for the concept and role of massiveness. Specifying photons and gluons as the unique bosons declared in Standard Model, I go looking for revealing the secrets of Higgs particle, Z and W-, which should not be visible matter bosons

Particle physics today, tomorrow and beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 1830003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Lhc I

The most important discovery in particle physics in recent years was that of the Higgs boson, and much effort is continuing to measure its properties, which agree obstinately with the Standard Model, so far. However, there are many reasons to expect physics beyond the Standard Model, motivated by the stability of the electroweak vacuum, the existence of dark matter and the origin of the visible matter in the Universe, neutrino physics, the hierarchy of mass scales in physics, cosmological inflation and the need for a quantum theory for gravity. Most of these issues are being addressed by the experiments during Run 2 of the LHC, and supersymmetry could help resolve many of them. In addition to the prospects for the LHC, I also review briefly those for direct searches for dark matter and possible future colliders.

Role of gravity in particle physics: A unified approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041012
Author(s):  
Pedro D. Alvarez ◽  
Mauricio Valenzuela ◽  
Jorge Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Matter Fields

General Relativity (GR) and the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics are two enormously successful frameworks for our understanding the fundamental laws of nature. However, these theoretical schemes are widely disconnected, logically independent and unrelated in scope. Yet, GR and SM at some point must intersect, producing claims about phenomena that should be reconciled. Be it as it may, both schemes share a common basic ground: symmetry under local Lorentz transformations. Here, we will focus on the consequences of assuming this feature from the beginning to combine geometry, matter fields and gauge interactions. We give a rough description of how this could be instrumental for the construction of a unified scheme of gravitation and particle physics.

scholarly journals Magnetic monopoles in field theory and cosmology

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1981) ◽  
pp. 5705-5717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arttu Rajantie
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Magnetic Systems ◽  
The Standard Model

The existence of magnetic monopoles is predicted by many theories of particle physics beyond the standard model. However, in spite of extensive searches, there is no experimental or observational sign of them. I review the role of magnetic monopoles in quantum field theory and discuss their implications for particle physics and cosmology. I also highlight their differences and similarities with monopoles found in frustrated magnetic systems.

scholarly journals Effective Theory Approach to Direct Detection of Dark Matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 650-688
Author(s):  
Junji Hisano
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Standard Model

It is now certain that dark matter exists in the Universe. However, we do not know its nature, nor are there dark matter candidates in the standard model of particle physics or astronomy However, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in models beyond the standard model are one of the leading candidates available to provide explanation. The dark matter direct detection experiments, in which the nuclei recoiled by WIMPs are sought, are one of the methods to elucidate the nature of dark matter. This chapter introduces an effective field theory (EFT) approach in order to evaluate the nucleon–WIMP elastic scattering cross section.

The Standard Model (SM) of fundamental interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 567-592
Author(s):  
Jean Zinn-Justin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Higgs Particle ◽  
Fundamental Interactions ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Minimal Modification ◽  
Charge Conjugation Parity

The Standard Model (SM) 2020 of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions, based on gauge symmetry and spontaneous symmetry breaking, describes all known fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale except gravity and, perhaps, interactions with dark matter. The SM model has been tested systematically in collider experiments, and in the case of strong interactions (quantum chromodynamics) also with numerical simulations. With the discovery in 2012 of the Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN), all particles of the SM have been identified, and most parameters have been measured. Still, the Higgs particle remains the most mysterious particle of the SM, since it is responsible for all the parameters of the SM except gauge couplings and since it leads to the fine-tuning problem. The discovery of its origin, and the precise study of its properties should be, in the future, one of the most important field of research in particle physics. Since we know now that the neutrinos have masses, the simplest extension of the SM implies Dirac neutrinos. With such a minimal modification, consistent so far (2020) with experimental data, the lepton and quark sectors have analogous structures: the lepton sector involves a mixing matrix, like the quark sector (three angles have been determined, the fourth charge conjugation parity (CP) violating angle is still unknown).

Is the Higgs mechanism true to the equivalence principle?

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Unnikrishnan ◽  
George T. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Weak Equivalence Principle ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Physical Mass ◽  
Gravitational Charge

In this paper, we raise and discuss the fundamental issue whether the interaction-induced inertia in the Higgs mechanism is the same as the charge of gravity or the gravitational mass. True physical mass has to fulfill the dual role of inertia and the gravitational charge, and should respect the weak equivalence principle. This is not yet addressed in the standard model that does not incorporate gravity. Hence, the Higgs scenario still requires a gravitational completion. Some relevant analogies where interaction-induced inertia is not the same as the gravitational charge are mentioned. Probing this line of thought will provide valuable clues and perhaps a remarkable answer to the place and role of gravity in the standard model of particle physics.

scholarly journals GAUGING THE SHADOW SECTOR WITH SO(3)

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 1221-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. TUPPER ◽  
R. J. LINDEBAUM ◽  
R. D. VIOLLIER
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gauge Group ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Neutrino ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Standard Model

We examine the phenomenology of a low-energy extension of the Standard Model, based on the gauge group SU (3) ⊗ SU (2) ⊗ U (1)⊗ SO (3), with SO(3) operating in the shadow sector. This model offers vacuum νe → νs and νμ → ντ oscillations as the solution of the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems, and it provides a neutral heavy shadow lepton X that takes the role of a cold dark matter particle.

scholarly journals GAUGE THEORY AND MORE — ANOTHER SOLUTION FOR THE DARK MATTER

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3366-3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
W-Y. PAUCHY HWANG
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Basic Family ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Masses

These days we learn that, in our Universe, the dark matter occupies about 25% of the content, compared to only 5% of the "visible" ordinary matter. We propose that the description of the dark matter would be an extension of the Standard Model - a gauge theory. We all know that in the Standard Model we have three generations but still don't know why - the so-called "family problem". On other hand, in view of the masses and oscillations, the neutrinos now present some basic difficulty in the Standard Model. In this note, I propose that on top of the SUc(3)×, SU(2) × U(1) standard model there is an SUf(3) extension - a simple SUc(3) × SU(2) × U(1) × SUf(3) extended standard model. The family gauge bosons (familons) are massive through the so-called "colored" Higgs mechanism while the remaining Higgs particles are also massive. The three neutrinos, the electron-like, muon-like, and tao-like neutrinos, form the basic family triplets. Hopefully all the couplings to the "visible" matter are through the neutrinos, explaining why the dark matter is more than the visible matter in our Universe.

scholarly journals SMART U(1)$$_X$$: standard model with axion, right handed neutrinos, two Higgs doublets and U(1)$$_X$$ gauge symmetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuchika Okada ◽  
Digesh Raut ◽  
Qaisar Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

AbstractTo address five fundamental shortcomings of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and cosmology, we propose a phenomenologically viable framework based on a $$U(1)_X \times U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) X × U ( 1 ) PQ extension of the SM, that we call “SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X ”. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry is a well-known generalization of the $$U(1)_{B-L}$$ U ( 1 ) B - L symmetry and $$U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) PQ is the global Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry. Three right handed neutrinos are added to cancel $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X related anomalies, and they play a crucial role in understanding the observed neutrino oscillations and explaining the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe via leptogenesis. Implementation of PQ symmetry helps resolve the strong CP problem and also provides axion as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry enables us to implement the inflection-point inflation scenario with $$H_{inf} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{7}$$ H inf ≲ 2 × 10 7  GeV, where $$H_{inf}$$ H inf is the value of Hubble parameter during inflation. This is crucial to overcome a potential axion domain wall problem as well as the axion isocurvature problem. The SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X framework can be successfully implemented in the presence of SU(5) grand unification, as we briefly show.

scholarly journals Cosmoparticle Physics of Dark Universe

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Maxim Khlopov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Bsm Physics ◽  
Interacting Atoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Matter Energy

The physics of the dark Universe goes beyond the standard model (BSM) of fundamental interactions. The now-standard cosmology involves inflation, baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy corresponding to BSM physics. Cosmoparticle physics offers cross disciplinary study of the fundamental relationship of cosmology and particle physics in the combination of its physical, astrophysical and cosmological signatures. Methods of cosmoparticle physics in studies of BSM physics in its relationship with inevitably nonstandard features of dark universe cosmology are discussed. In the context of these methods, such exotic phenomena as primordial black holes, antimatter stars in baryon asymmetrical Universe or multi-charged constituents of nuclear interacting atoms of composite dark matter play the role of sensitive probes for BSM models and their parameters.

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